1. 表示“除……外”,表示排除,指的是所说的不包括在内。如:
Everyone except me got an invitation. 除我之外,所有人都收到了请柬。
The window is never opened except in summer. 除了在夏天外,这扇窗户从不打开。
2. 其后可接不定式,有时带to(此时其前通常没有do),有时不带to(此时其前通常有do)。如:
He did everything except wash clothes. 除了洗衣服外,他什么都做。
He likes nothing except to watch TV. 除了看电视外,他什么都不喜欢。
3. 其后除可接名词、代词、介词短语、不定式等外(见上例),还可接各类从句(what,that, when, where, why 等从句)。如:
We knew nothing about it except what he told us.除了他告诉我们的情况外,我们对此一无所知(fromwww.yywords.com)。
We know nothing about him except that he is from Paris.我们除了知道他来自巴黎外,其余的情况则一无所知。
I like her except when she was angry. 除了她生气的时候,我挺喜欢她的。
I understand everything except why he stole the money.我什么都明白,只是不理解他为什么要偷那笔钱。
My papers seem to be everywhere except where they oughttobe. 我的文件似乎完全不在它们应该在的地方(fromwww.yywords.com)。
4. except 通常不能置于句首。若需置于句首,则应换成 exceptfor。如:
Except for me, everyone was late. 除我外,大家都迟到了。
【注】用于句首时except for 与 except 同义,但除此之外,两者用法有差别:except主要用来谈论同类的东西,而 except for则主要用来谈论不同类的东西,有时含有惋惜之意。如(fromwww.yywords.com):
All compositions are well written except yours. 除了你的作文外,其他的作文都写得很好。
His composition is good except for a few spellingmistakes.他的作文写得不错,只是有几处拼写错误。
从高考题看except, exceptfor/that等的用法 |
http://www.sina.com.cn 2004/06/2310:40 英语辅导报 |
从高考题看except, except for/that,besides和but的用法 请先看几道高考题: 1. No one knew Mr Beson's address ________ his daughter. A. except B. excepts C. only D. besides 2. Do you know any other foreign language ________English? A. except B. but C. beside D. besides 3. I know nothing about the young lady ________ she is fromBeijing. A. except B. except for C. except that D. besides 4. Sandy could do nothing but ________ to his teacher that hewas wrong. A. admit B. admitted C. admitting D. to admit 析:Key:1. A 2. D 3. C 4. A。由此,我们可以看出except, except for/that,besides和but 的用法,成了历届高考考查的热点之一。 except, except for/that,besides和but都有"除……之外"的意思,但用法各异,现就它们的用法进行分析比较: 一、except的用法--"排除式" except意为"只有……除外;除去……",后跟名词或代词作宾语,强调从整体中除去部分,即except后的部分不包括在整体之内。因此,常和all,everything, no one, nothing等词一起使用。其判别标志是:除去的与保留的是"同类项"。例如: 1. All of them went out for a walk ________ John. A. besides B. except C. beside D. excepts 2. Everyone is here ________ Xiao Wang and me. A. except B. besides C. beside D. excepts 析:Key:1. B 2. A。因除去的与保留的是"同类项",且1、2题中有信息词All、Everyone。 二、except for/that的用法--"排除否定式" except 除后跟名词、代词作宾语外,还可跟介词,也可跟从句。 (1)exceptfor...是"除了因为……;要不是……;除去……一点外"的意思,表示"对一个人或事物,先做一个整体评价,然后再就局部提出一点看法"。即一部分被肯定,另一部分被否定,这就是所谓的"排除否定式"。其判别标志是:除去的与保留的"不是同类项"。例如: 1. It was dark in the city ________ a few weak lights. A. except for B. except C. besides D. but for 2. Your composition is very good ________ a few spellingmistakes. A. except that B. except for C. besides D. beside 析:Key: 1. A 2. B。因为除去的与保留的"不是同类项",故选except for。 (2)except that...也是"除去……一点外"的意思,但应注意恰当地使用引导词。若从句句意和结构完整,只需用引导词that。例如: 1. The suit fitted him well ________ the colour was a littlebrighter. A. except for B. except that C. except when D. besides 析:Key:B。本题题意为"除色彩艳了一点儿外,这套衣服很适合他",从句the colour was a littlebrighter句意和结构完整,只需用引导词that,故选except that。 2. -Can you tell me all about the earthquake? -Sorry,I know nothing about it ________ I read in thenewspaper. A. except B. except for C. except what D. except that 析:Key:C。因从句中read为及物动词,且其后无宾语,故选except what。 3. Mr Green usually goes to work by bus ________ it rains. A. besides B. except when C. except what D. beside 析:Key:B。由于it rains为从句,故排除A、D,且rains为不及物动词,不需要宾语,故排除C。exceptwhen 意为"除了当……的时候"。 (3)except for与except that有时可互相转换。例如: 1. Your composition is very good except for a few spellingmistakes. =Your composition is very good except that there are a fewspelling mistakes. 2. The village is very quiet except for some birds singing inthe woods. =The village is very quiet except that there are some birdssinging in the woods. 三、besides的用法--"包括式" besides相当于as wellas,意为"除了……以外还有……",即"除去一部分还有另外一部分"的意思,表示besides 后面的部分包括在整体之内。例如: 1. Does John know any other foreign language ________French. A. except B. but C. besides D. beside 析:Key:C。由本题中的信息词"any other foreign language",可知选besides。 四、but的用法--"排除式" but是"除了……以外"的意思,相当于except。 (1)but后也可以接名词或代词作宾语。例如: 1. They all went to the park ________ Mike and me. A. besides B. except for C. but D. beside 析:Key: C。因为all是信息词,且they与Mike and me是"同类项",根据句意应选C。 (2)but常与下列词连用:a.否定词no one, none, nothing等; b.疑问词who, what等;c.不定代词all, everyone等。例如: 1. Nothing but disaster would come from such aplan.这个计划只能招灾惹祸,别无益处。 2. Who but Tom would do such a thing?除了汤姆以外还有谁愿意干这种事? (3)but后可接动词不定式。注意:当but前面有实义动词do以及其相应形式作谓语动词时,则其后跟不带"to"的动词不定式,反之加"to"。例如: 1. David could do nothing but ________ his teacher yesterdayafternoon. A. help B. helped C. helping D. to help 析:key:A。do nothing but...后应接动词原形,意为"除做……外什么也不做"。 2. The enemy had no choice but ________ their arms and________ . A. lie down;give in B. lay down;give in C. to lay down;give in D. to lie down;to give in 析:Key:C。have no choice but后应接带to的动词不定式,且and后的成分与动词不定式之间存在并列关系,故选C。 注意:but for是"要不是;没有……"的意思,常用于虚拟语气。例如: But for your help, I would have failed. 要是没有你的帮助, 我早就失败了。 (文/谢仕芳;英语辅导报高三版2003-2004学年第47期;版权归英语辅导报社所有,独家网络合作伙伴新浪教育,未经许可,不得以任何形式进行转载。) |