宾语补足语
1什么是宾语补足语?
在英语中,有些动词除了一个宾语外,还需要一个成分来补充说明宾语的情况,这样,句子意义才能表达完整,这种成分在英语中被称为宾语补足语(或叫复合宾语)。这类常用的动词有:make(使),have(让,使得),get(让,使得),let(让),see(看见),consider(认为),find(发现),cause(引起)等等。如:
①May I help you plant the tree?
②What makes you think so?
③They found the room crowded with people.
2宾语补足语的几种类型:
2.1名词(包括名词性物主代词)作宾语补足语。如:
I can't understand why people elected her Monitor
我不明白人们为什么选他当班长。
In 1849, he went to England and made London the base for hisrevolutionary work.
在1849年,他去了英国并把伦敦作为他从事革命工作的基地。
2.2形容词极其短语作宾语补足语。如:
Please keep the windows open. We need more fresh air.
请让窗户开着,我们需要更多的新鲜空气。
Your hair is too long. Go to the Barber's and cut it short.
你的头发太长了,去理发店剪短些。
2.3不定式极其短语做宾语补足语。如:
I often ask him to help me with myEnglish.我经常让他帮助我学习英语。
I heard him sing songs in the next room last night
我昨天晚上听见他在隔壁房间唱歌了。.
注:下列动词后的不定式作宾补时省略to:①感 feel ②听 listen to,hear③让 let, make, have④看 see, watch, observe, notice
如:
I can't have you say so.我不能让你这么说。
You should try your best to make him understand that.
你应该尽量让他明白那件事。
We observed the students do the physics experiment.
我们观察了学生做物理实验。
2.4现在分词极其短语做宾语补足语。如:
I caught her stealing in thebookshop.我当场抓住她在书店行窃。
We often hear him practicing speaking English.
我们经常听见他练习说英语。
2.5过去分词极其短语作宾语补足语。如:
When they got there, they found the bank robbed.
当他们到达那儿的时候,他们发现银行被抢了。
The teacher spoke loudly in order to make himself heard.
为了让别人听到,这位老师说话声音很大。
不定式做宾语补足语表示动作的过程,现在分词做宾语补足语表示宾语正在进行的动作,过去分词做宾语补足语表示动作的完成,有时含有被动意义。
2.6用as引出宾语补足语。如:
We consider him as a greatscientist.我们认为他是个伟大的科学家。
Marx took English as a useful tool in the struggle of life.
马克思把英语当作人生斗争中的有用武器。
2.7介词短语作宾语补足语。如:
Please make yourself at home.请随便一点。
The cold kept me in bed for threedays.这次感冒使我在床上呆了三天。
2.8副词作宾语补足语。如:
He ordered them away.他命令他们离开。
When we got there, we found himout当我们到达那儿的时候,发现他出去了。
2.9从句作宾语补足语。如:
We will soon make our school what your school is now.
我们不久就要把我们的学校变成你们学校目前的样子。
The animal has its own name. You can not call it what youwill.
这个动物有自己的名字,你不能随便称呼它。
注:当宾语为动词不定式、动词-ing结构或宾语从句并有宾补时,常用it做形式宾语,放在宾语补足语之前。如:
They found it impossible to finish the work in such a short time.(后面不定式为真正宾语)
他们觉得不可能在这么短的时间内完成这项工作。
I find it no use arguing with him.(后面的动名词为真正宾语)
我发现和他争吵没有用。
His parents thought it strange that their son hadn't written tothem for too long.
父母认为他们的儿子好久没给他们写信了,这很奇怪。
同学们只要在平时的学习当中多留意一下宾语补足语这一结构,即“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”,那么无论是在写作或翻译句子当中,都会运用自如。