爱华网NotesforUnit2,BookThree
I.KeyWordsandUsefulExpressions(TextA)
1holdon(L.5)
1)surviveinadifficultordangeroussituation;hangon历经危难而不死；坚持住
他们设法坚持住直到有救援到来。Theymanagedtoholdonuntilhelparrived.
我觉得自己坚持不了多长时间了。Idon’tthinkIcanholdonmuchlonger.
2)(infml)(usu.inimperative)waitandstop(通常用于祈使语句)等一下；停住
停一停，让我喘口气。HoldonaminutewhileIgetmybreathback..
2.defy(L.10)v
1)disobeyorrefusetorespect(sb.,anauthority,etc.)违抗，反抗，藐视，蔑视（某人﹑权威等）
他们违抗父母的意愿而结婚了。Theydefiedtheirparentsandgotmarried.
任何蔑视法律的人都会受到惩罚。Anyonewhodefiesthelawwillbepublished.
2)besodifficultastomake(sth.)impossible因为太困难而使…不可能
这门用什么方法也打不开。Thedoordefiedallattemptstoopenit.
此问题无法解决。Theproblemdefiedsolution.
3.given(L.13)
1)prep.taking(sth.)intoaccount考虑到（某事物）
鉴于政府在解决失业问题上成绩不佳，他们在选举中获胜机会似乎不大。
Giventhegovernment’srecordonunemployment,theirchancesofwinningtheelectionlookpoor.
考虑到她喜欢孩子，我可以肯定教书是最适合她的职业。
Giventhatsheisinterestedinchildren/Givenherinterestinchildren,Iamsureteachingistherightcareerforher.
2)adj.(esp.attrib)specifiedorstated(尤作定语)确定的；所述的；规定的
他们要在规定的时间和地点会晤。Theyweretomeetatagiventimeandplace.
这项工作必须在规定时间内完成。Thisworkmustbedonewithinthegiventime.
4.crush(onsth.)n.(L.16)(infml)strongbuttypicalbriefliking(forsb.)喜爱
小学生往往很钦佩老师。Schoolchildrenoftenhave/getcrushesonteachers.
乔治对玛丽有意思哦。GorgehasabigcrushonMary.
5.fancy(L.18)v.
1)(infml)haveadesireorwishfor(sth.);want渴望或希望得到（某事物）；想要
我想来杯茶。Ifancyacupoftea.
你晚饭喜欢吃什么？Whatdoyoufancyforsupper?
2)thinkorbelieve(sth.);imagine想；以为；想象
我看今天要下雨。Ifancy(that)it’sgoingtoraintoday.
他好像听到身后有脚步声。Hefanciedheheardfootstepsbehindhim.
短语:fancyoneself(assth.)(infml)自命不凡；自负
6.blossomv.(L.40)
1)(ofatreeorshrub)produceflower（指树木）开花
樱桃树今年开花早。Thecherrytreesblossomedearlythisyear.
2)out(intosth.)(fig.)developinahealthyorpromisingway;growordevelop(intosth.);flouris健康的成长；长成或发展成（某事物）；兴盛
莫扎特早在童年时已初露头角（成为作曲家）。
Mozartblossomed(asacomposer)veryearlyinlife.
她已亭亭玉立，成了美丽的少女。Shehasblossomed(out)intoabeautifulyounglady.
7.restraintn.(L.48)
1)[C]～onsth./sb.thingthatchecksorcontrols;restriction起遏制作用的事物；管制措施；约束力
他勇于打破常规的约束。Heisneverafraidtogetofftherestraintsofconvention.
她再也无法忍受有限的收入对家庭开支预算的约束了。
Shebegantofindtherestraintsonthefamilybudgetofalimitedincomeunbearable.
2)[U]thestateofbeingcontrolledorchecked抑制，遏制；管制；约束
那孩子的感情一直受到压抑。
Thechild’saffectionswerekeptunder/sufferedcontinualrestraint.
8.jump/climb/getonthebandwagon(L.55)joiningothersindoingsth.fashionableorlikelytobesuccessful赶浪头；赶时髦；随大流
低腰牛仔裤现在很流行，人人趋之若骛呢。
Low-waistjeansaresopopularnow―everyoneisjumpingonthebandwagon.
我想也不妨像人们说的赶赶时髦。
IsupposeImayaswellclimbonthebandwagon,astheysay.
背景文化：
bandwagon指的是有乐队的马车。在十九世纪的美国南方，参选人为了吸引选民注意，在选战进入紧锣密鼓阶段会安排车队造势，在车阵的最前方会有一辆上面有乐队表演的马车。拜票过程中，民众会跳上车表示支持，期待该候选人当选了，可从中捞到好处。后来，人们便将“跳上乐队车”引申为“赶时髦”之意。
9.viaprep.(L.58)bywayof(sth.);through经由（某事物）；通过
我可以通过内部通讯系统给他发个通知。
Icansendhimanoteviatheinternalmailsystem.
他取道土耳其来到欧洲。HecametoEuropeviaTurkey.
10.blamesth.onsb./blamesb.(forsth.)(L.63-64)considerorsaythatsb.isresponsibleforsth.done(badlyorwrongly)ornotdone责怪；责备；归咎于
她把婚姻的触礁归咎于他。Sheblamedthefailureoftheirmarriageonhim.
调查组指出火车司机应对事故负责。Theinquiryblamedthetraindriverfortheaccident.
11.acquirevt.(L.73)gain(sth.)byone’sownability,effortsorbehavior（靠自己的能力﹑努力或行为而）获得，得到（某事物）
学好英语acquireagoodknowledgeofEnglish
学会喝白兰地酒acquireatasteofbrandy
得到不诚实的名声acquireareputationofdishonesty
我妹妹无法把她的书桌搬入新居，我就是这样才得到它的。
Mysistercouldn’ttakeherdeskwithhertothenewhouse:thatishowIcametoacquireit.
12.letsb.loose(onsth.)(L.83)allowsb.todealwithsth.intheirownway（在某场合）让…任意行动，给予自由
把狗放开一会吧。Letthedoglooseforaminute.
只有当人们有足够训练之后，才允许他们在体制内自由发展。
Peopleareonlyletlooseonthesystemoncetheyhavereceivedsufficienttraining.
13.forgevt.(L.84)
1)shape(sth.)byheatingitinafireandhammering锻造；打铁
锻造剑﹑铁链等forgeasword,achain,etc
2)(fig)create(usu.alastingrelationship)bymeansofmuchhardwork（靠艰苦工作）建立（通常为长期关系）
建立同盟﹑联系﹑联盟等forgeabond,alink,analliance,etc
患难中建立起来的友谊afriendshipforgedbyadversity
14.Given…,（L.13-14）鉴于…的情况
就这台发动机的情况来看，只要能发动它就算是奇迹了。
Giventheconditionoftheengine,itisawonderthatitevenstarts.
鉴于他的名声，我无法确定我们是否应该聘用他。
Givenhisreputation,Iamnotsureweshouldhirehim.
15.thereismuchmore…than(L.78-79)…决不仅仅意味着…
沙漠所意味的远远不只是沙子。Thereismuchmoretoadesertthansand.
II.KeyWordsandUsefulExpressions(TextB)
1.moist(L.2)潮湿的；湿润的
要记得按时给植物浇水以保持土壤湿润。
Doremembertowatertheplantregularlytokeepthesoilmoist.
他妹妹双眼噙着泪水。Hissister’seyesbecamemoist.
派生词moistenv.（使事物）潮湿，湿润
moisturen.潮湿，水气moisturizev.（施化妆品）使（皮肤）滋润
2.engagedadj.(L.16)(usu.pred.)（指一人或两人）已订婚;忙的，没空的
她和彼得定了婚。She’sengagedtoPeter.
我告诉他我在忙别的事。ItoldhimIwasotherwiseengaged.
同源词：engagingadj.吸引注意力的；迷人的
3.fascinatevt.(L.23)使（某人）着迷﹑神魂颠倒或极感兴趣
孩子们让商店橱窗里的玩具给吸引住了。
Thechildrenwerefascinatedbythetoysintheshopwindow.
我瞧着她，完全被她迷住了。Iwatchedher,fascinated.
4.inthecourseof(L.36)在…期间
新的铁路正在建设中。Thenewrailwayisinthecourseofconstruction.
在面试过程中中我的心跳得厉害。Myheartbeatthicklyinthecourseoftheinterview.
5.manipulatev.(L.38)熟练控制或操纵（某事物）
原始人很快就学会了使用工具。Primitivemanquicklylearnedhowtomanipulatetools.
你知道如何使用计算机吗?Doyouknowhowtomanipulateacomputer?
6.agonizingadj.(L.46)使人痛苦的
折磨人的疼痛anagonizingpain
恼人的耽搁anagonizingdelay
痛苦的决定anagonizingdecision
所有中国人无不殷切盼望早日结束这种令人痛心的局面。
AlltheChinesepeopleareyearningforanearlyendtothisagonizingsituation
同源词：
agonizev.（对某事物）极度忧虑或担心agonizeda.表示痛苦的
7.clipvt.(L.58)（用剪刀）剪（某物）；（尤指）剪短，修剪
为参加狗展把狗的毛剪短了。Thedog’sfurwasclippedshortfortheshow.
她将旧的纪录缩短了近两秒。Sheclippednearlytwosecondsofftheoldrecord.
8.filevt.(L.58)用锉切削（某物）
她在很仔细地锉指甲。Sheisfilingherfinger-nailswithgreatcare.
发动机的号码被锉掉了。Theenginenumberswerefiledaway.
9.yieldvi.(L.72)屈服，让步；（对某人/某事物）不再反对
该城受长期围困而被迫弃守。Thetownwasforcedtoyieldafteralongsiege.
她禁不住诱惑，又吃了一块巧克力。Sheyieldedtotemptationandhadanotherchocolate.
10.invain(L.74)结果地，徒然;无效果的，无用的
昨晚我怎么也睡不着。Itriedinvaintosleeplastnignt.
我们的工作全都白干了。Allourworkwasinvain.
III.KeystotheExercises
EnhanceYourLanguageAwareness
WORDSINACTION
WorkingwithWordsandExpressions
1.1)curled2)minimum3)clip4)yielded5)Given
6)awaiting7)fascinated8)affection9)interact10)haste
11)harden12)grief13)defies14)glance15)presence
16)lasting17)via18)acquire19)manipulate20)restraints
2.1)let…looseon2)fitinto3)holdon4)stateofaffairs
5)inthecourseof6)invain7)build…on8)Inshort
9)growusedto10)blame…on11)reachedfor12)giveandtake
IncreasingYourWordPower
1.1)overcoat2)overhead3)overjoyed4)overslept
5)overweight6)overdue7)overtime8)overworking
2.1)crush2)attribtes3)fancy4)bubbled5)grasp
6)drizzling7)labeling8)yield
3.1)Weareshortofhands.
2)Istillhavesomemoneyinhand.
3)Givemeahandwiththisbox,please.
4)Ioftenkeepadictionaryathand.
5)Thefootballfanswereoutofhand.
6)Handoutthepencilstoeveryoneintheclass.
7)Thisringwashandeddowntomebymygrandmother.
8)Time’sup.Pleasehandinyourtestpapers.
9)Pleasehandonthemagazinetoyourroommates.
10)I’mafraidIcan’thelpyou.I’magreenhand.
GRAMMARREVIEW
1.1)Sittingonthestairswas//Onthestairswassitting
2)Overthewallcame/flew
3)Roundthecornerwas
4)Thenfinallycame
5)Underthetablewaslying
6)At/Onthetopof(Ontopof)thehillstood
2.1)Thebeaverchewsdowntreestogetfoodandmaterialtobuilditshomewith.
2)DoyourparentsthinkTomisaniceboytogooutwith?
3)Thegoalsforwhichhehasfoughtallhislifeseemunimportanttohimnow.
4)None.
5)Theessaystartsbyaskingaquestion,towhichtheauthorthengivesapositiveanswer.
CLOZE
1.1)haste2)stateofaffairs3)distinguished4)meetingofminds5)blossom
6)innercharm7)intimacy8)emotion9)acquiring10)ideals11)admiration
12)lasting13)affection14)forge15)honor16)overwhelming
TRANSLATION
1）无论是友情还是爱情，你都不可能期待自己付出最少而得到最多。（maximum;minimum）
Ineitherfriendshiporlove/Inbothfriendshipandlove,youshouldneverexpecttotake/receivethemaximumwhileyougivetheminimum.
2）我把全部希望寄托在他的承诺上，结果却发现他根本不是个真诚的人。（buildon;sincerity）
Ibuiltallmyhopesonhispromise(s),onlytofindthathewasnotamanofsincerityatall.
3）我们带母亲去了所有我们能找到的最好的医院，但一切努力都是徒劳的。母亲还是没能熬过那次疾病（invain）
WetookMothertoallthebesthospitalswecouldfind,butalloureffortswereinvain;shefailedtosurvivethedisease.
4）情人节（Valentine’sDay）是个一年一度在2月14日庆祝的节日，一个向自己心仪的对象表达爱意的好日子。（affection）
Valendine’sDayisanannualholidaycelebratedonFebruary14,aperfectdaytoexpresslovetotheobjectofyour/one’saffection.
5.在信息时代，通过电子邮件方式跟远方的朋友交流几乎可以是同步的（simultaneous）。（era;via）
Intheinformationera,communicationswithfar-awayfriendsviae-mailcanbealmost/virtuallysimultaneous.
6）爱情需要时间，因为只有慢慢习惯和学会欣赏对方才会产生出爱情。（growusedto;forge）
Lovetakestime,foritisnotforgeduntilyouhavegrownusedtotheother’scompanyandlearnedtoappreciatetheother.
ParagraphTransltion
Afterdinner,weallsataroundthehearth.AuntSusanwasstillinthegriefoflosingUncleRobert.Inhersoftvoiceshetoldusabouttheirpastyears.UncleRobertjoinedthearmyshortlyaftertheywereengaged.Giventhecriticalsituationatthetimewhenlotsofarmymendidn’treturnalive,youcanimaginehowmuchoverjoyedAuntSusanwastoseeUncleRobertcomebacksafeandsoundfromtheEuropeanbattlefield.Thentheygotmarriedandbroughtupfivechildren.Forallthoseyears,theiraffectionforeachothergrewstrongerinthecourseofovercomingdifficultiesandhardshipsinlife.IwasfascinatedbyAuntSusan’sstory,whichwastotallydifferentfrommyidealoflove.Theypracticedgivingandsharingintheirdailylifeinsteadofpursuingpassionandromance.Amazingly,suchlovelastedthroughtheirwholelife.
IV.Writing
1.WritingSkill
Howtowritealetterofapplication
Thepurposeofaletterofapplicationistohelptheapplicantobtainthejobheisinterestedin.Itshouldstateclearlywhatpositiontheapplicantwants,andshouldtellwhathisabilitiesarewhathehastooffer.Itshouldprovideaquick,clearpictureoftheapplicant’squalifications,accomplishmentandaims.Itshouldpresenttheapplicanttopossibleemployorsinthebestlight.
Basicstructure
Theopening,inwhichyou
—Explainhowyouheardaboutthevacancy;
—Specifythejobyouareseeking;
—Introduceyourself.
Thesalespitch,inwhichyou
—Firstsaysomethingaboutyourselfthatwillmakeyourreaderwanttogoonreading;
—Thenanswerthequestion“whyyou”ofalltheapplicationsorresumestheyhavereceivedbystatingyouraccomplishmentsandabilities;
—thentellthemyougenuinelywanttoworkforthecompany/organization,etc.
Thecallforaction,inwhichyou
—Suggestwhatyouwilldotofollowup;
—Requestaninterview.
Theclosing,inwhichyouendtheletterinabusiness-likemannerby
—Using“sincerely(yours)”.
2.Usefulexpressions
1)Applicationsforentrytoacollege
Iamwritingtoaswhetheryoucouldsendmesomeinformationaboutyourcollegeandfortheapplicationforms…
IamwritingtoyouinthehopethatImayobtainanopportunitytodograduatestudyinouruniversity…
2)Applicationforjobs
Iseefromyouradvertisementinyesterday’sChinaDailythat…
Iaminterestedinthepost/Ishouldliketoapplyforthepostofwhichyouadvertisedinyesterday’sChinaDaily…
Ishouldverymuchliketobeconsideredforthepostof…whichwasadvertisedin…
Iamlookingforajobas…,andwouldbegratefulifyouwouldconsidermeforsuchapostinyourfirm.
Thankyouforyourtimeandconsideration.
Icancomeforaninterviewatanytimeconvenienttoyou.
Ilookforwardtoyourearlyreply/theinterview.
IlookforwardtohearingfromyouandIdohopeIshallhavetheopportunityofaninterview.
3.WritingPractice:Learntowriteanapplicationletterfromtheexample
Directions:Youwanttoapplyforthefollowingjob:waiter/waitressrequiredforeveningwork..WritealettertoMr.Henry(theboss)to:
1)showyourinterestintheposition,
2)explainwhyyouwouldbesuitableforthejob,
3)lookforwardtothepossibleinterviewwithhim.
Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.
Sample
DearMr.Henry,
Iamwritingtoexpressmyinterestinyourrecentlyadvertisedpositionforawaitress.Enclosedwiththisletterismyresume,whichfurtherdetailsmypreviousworkexperienceandqualifications.
First,notonlydomyqualificationsandworkexperiencemakemeaperfectcandidateforthejob,mypersonalityiswellsuitedtoworkingasawaitress.Second,Iamaveryfriendlypersonwhocanquicklyestablishrapportwithpeopleofallages.Last,thefast-pacedenvironmentofwaitingontablessuitesmewellbecauseIthriveonworkingunderpressure.
Iwouldliketomeetwithyouatyourearliestconvenience,todiscussthepossibilityofworkingatyourrestaurant.Thankyouforyourconsiderationofmyapplication.Ilookforwardtomeetingyouinthenearfuture.
Yourssincerely,
LiMing
4.Writealetterasrequired
Directions:Beingavolunteerforthe2008BeijingOlympicGamesisyourstrongwish.Writealetterabout150wordstotheBeijingOlympicCommitteeto
1)stateyourapplicationtobeavolunteer,
2)describeyourqualifications,
3)expresstheappreciationofaninterview.
Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.
Sample
DearSirorMadam,
Iamwritingtoexpressmygreatinterestinthe“OlympicVolunteerRecruitment”launchedrecentlybytheBeijingOlympicCommittee,andIwouldliketoapplyasaqualifiedcandidate.
AsIamanEnglishmajor,myfluencyinbothMandarinandEnglish,aswellasmybasiccommandofFrench,guaranteesthatImeetthelanguagerequirementforthevariousvolunteerpositions.Moreimportantly,Ihavebeenanenthusiasticparticipantinmanyinternationalexchangeprograms―whicharereflectedinmyattachedresume―andtherefore,Ibelievemycommunicationskillsmakemecompetentforsuchapost.
Shouldyougrantmeaninterview,Iwouldbemostgrateful.
Yourstruly,
LiMing
