新世纪大学英语综合教程3Unit2课堂笔记及课后练习答案

NotesforUnit2,BookThree

I.KeyWordsandUsefulExpressions(TextA)

1holdon(L.5)

1)surviveinadifficultordangeroussituation;hangon历经危难而不死;坚持住

他们设法坚持住直到有救援到来。Theymanagedtoholdonuntilhelparrived.

我觉得自己坚持不了多长时间了。Idon’tthinkIcanholdonmuchlonger.

2)(infml)(usu.inimperative)waitandstop(通常用于祈使语句)等一下;停住

停一停,让我喘口气。HoldonaminutewhileIgetmybreathback..

2.defy(L.10)v

1)disobeyorrefusetorespect(sb.,anauthority,etc.)违抗,反抗,藐视,蔑视(某人﹑权威等)

他们违抗父母的意愿而结婚了。Theydefiedtheirparentsandgotmarried.

任何蔑视法律的人都会受到惩罚。Anyonewhodefiesthelawwillbepublished.

2)besodifficultastomake(sth.)impossible因为太困难而使…不可能

这门用什么方法也打不开。Thedoordefiedallattemptstoopenit.

此问题无法解决。Theproblemdefiedsolution.

3.given(L.13)

1)prep.taking(sth.)intoaccount考虑到(某事物)

鉴于政府在解决失业问题上成绩不佳,他们在选举中获胜机会似乎不大。

Giventhegovernment’srecordonunemployment,theirchancesofwinningtheelectionlookpoor.

考虑到她喜欢孩子,我可以肯定教书是最适合她的职业。

Giventhatsheisinterestedinchildren/Givenherinterestinchildren,Iamsureteachingistherightcareerforher.

2)adj.(esp.attrib)specifiedorstated(尤作定语)确定的;所述的;规定的

他们要在规定的时间和地点会晤。Theyweretomeetatagiventimeandplace.

这项工作必须在规定时间内完成。Thisworkmustbedonewithinthegiventime.

4.crush(onsth.)n.(L.16)(infml)strongbuttypicalbriefliking(forsb.)喜爱

小学生往往很钦佩老师。Schoolchildrenoftenhave/getcrushesonteachers.

乔治对玛丽有意思哦。GorgehasabigcrushonMary.

5.fancy(L.18)v.

1)(infml)haveadesireorwishfor(sth.);want渴望或希望得到(某事物);想要

我想来杯茶。Ifancyacupoftea.

你晚饭喜欢吃什么?Whatdoyoufancyforsupper?

2)thinkorbelieve(sth.);imagine想;以为;想象

我看今天要下雨。Ifancy(that)it’sgoingtoraintoday.

他好像听到身后有脚步声。Hefanciedheheardfootstepsbehindhim.

短语:fancyoneself(assth.)(infml)自命不凡;自负

6.blossomv.(L.40)

1)(ofatreeorshrub)produceflower(指树木)开花

樱桃树今年开花早。Thecherrytreesblossomedearlythisyear.

2)out(intosth.)(fig.)developinahealthyorpromisingway;growordevelop(intosth.);flouris健康的成长;长成或发展成(某事物);兴盛

莫扎特早在童年时已初露头角(成为作曲家)。

Mozartblossomed(asacomposer)veryearlyinlife.

她已亭亭玉立,成了美丽的少女。Shehasblossomed(out)intoabeautifulyounglady.

7.restraintn.(L.48)

1)[C]~onsth./sb.thingthatchecksorcontrols;restriction起遏制作用的事物;管制措施;约束力

他勇于打破常规的约束。Heisneverafraidtogetofftherestraintsofconvention.

她再也无法忍受有限的收入对家庭开支预算的约束了。

Shebegantofindtherestraintsonthefamilybudgetofalimitedincomeunbearable.

2)[U]thestateofbeingcontrolledorchecked抑制,遏制;管制;约束

那孩子的感情一直受到压抑。

Thechild’saffectionswerekeptunder/sufferedcontinualrestraint.

8.jump/climb/getonthebandwagon(L.55)joiningothersindoingsth.fashionableorlikelytobesuccessful赶浪头;赶时髦;随大流

低腰牛仔裤现在很流行,人人趋之若骛呢。

Low-waistjeansaresopopularnow―everyoneisjumpingonthebandwagon.

我想也不妨像人们说的赶赶时髦。

IsupposeImayaswellclimbonthebandwagon,astheysay.

背景文化:

bandwagon指的是有乐队的马车。在十九世纪的美国南方,参选人为了吸引选民注意,在选战进入紧锣密鼓阶段会安排车队造势,在车阵的最前方会有一辆上面有乐队表演的马车。拜票过程中,民众会跳上车表示支持,期待该候选人当选了,可从中捞到好处。后来,人们便将“跳上乐队车”引申为“赶时髦”之意。

9.viaprep.(L.58)bywayof(sth.);through经由(某事物);通过

我可以通过内部通讯系统给他发个通知。

Icansendhimanoteviatheinternalmailsystem.

他取道土耳其来到欧洲。HecametoEuropeviaTurkey.

10.blamesth.onsb./blamesb.(forsth.)(L.63-64)considerorsaythatsb.isresponsibleforsth.done(badlyorwrongly)ornotdone责怪;责备;归咎于

她把婚姻的触礁归咎于他。Sheblamedthefailureoftheirmarriageonhim.

调查组指出火车司机应对事故负责。Theinquiryblamedthetraindriverfortheaccident.

11.acquirevt.(L.73)gain(sth.)byone’sownability,effortsorbehavior(靠自己的能力﹑努力或行为而)获得,得到(某事物)

学好英语acquireagoodknowledgeofEnglish

学会喝白兰地酒acquireatasteofbrandy

得到不诚实的名声acquireareputationofdishonesty

我妹妹无法把她的书桌搬入新居,我就是这样才得到它的。

Mysistercouldn’ttakeherdeskwithhertothenewhouse:thatishowIcametoacquireit.

12.letsb.loose(onsth.)(L.83)allowsb.todealwithsth.intheirownway(在某场合)让…任意行动,给予自由

把狗放开一会吧。Letthedoglooseforaminute.

只有当人们有足够训练之后,才允许他们在体制内自由发展。

Peopleareonlyletlooseonthesystemoncetheyhavereceivedsufficienttraining.

13.forgevt.(L.84)

1)shape(sth.)byheatingitinafireandhammering锻造;打铁

锻造剑﹑铁链等forgeasword,achain,etc

2)(fig)create(usu.alastingrelationship)bymeansofmuchhardwork(靠艰苦工作)建立(通常为长期关系)

建立同盟﹑联系﹑联盟等forgeabond,alink,analliance,etc

患难中建立起来的友谊afriendshipforgedbyadversity

14.Given…,(L.13-14)鉴于…的情况

就这台发动机的情况来看,只要能发动它就算是奇迹了。

Giventheconditionoftheengine,itisawonderthatitevenstarts.

鉴于他的名声,我无法确定我们是否应该聘用他。

Givenhisreputation,Iamnotsureweshouldhirehim.

15.thereismuchmore…than(L.78-79)…决不仅仅意味着…

沙漠所意味的远远不只是沙子。Thereismuchmoretoadesertthansand.

II.KeyWordsandUsefulExpressions(TextB)

1.moist(L.2)潮湿的;湿润的

要记得按时给植物浇水以保持土壤湿润。

Doremembertowatertheplantregularlytokeepthesoilmoist.

他妹妹双眼噙着泪水。Hissister’seyesbecamemoist.

派生词moistenv.(使事物)潮湿,湿润

moisturen.潮湿,水气moisturizev.(施化妆品)使(皮肤)滋润

2.engagedadj.(L.16)(usu.pred.)(指一人或两人)已订婚;忙的,没空的

她和彼得定了婚。She’sengagedtoPeter.

我告诉他我在忙别的事。ItoldhimIwasotherwiseengaged.

同源词:engagingadj.吸引注意力的;迷人的

3.fascinatevt.(L.23)使(某人)着迷﹑神魂颠倒或极感兴趣

孩子们让商店橱窗里的玩具给吸引住了。

Thechildrenwerefascinatedbythetoysintheshopwindow.

我瞧着她,完全被她迷住了。Iwatchedher,fascinated.

4.inthecourseof(L.36)在…期间

新的铁路正在建设中。Thenewrailwayisinthecourseofconstruction.

在面试过程中中我的心跳得厉害。Myheartbeatthicklyinthecourseoftheinterview.

5.manipulatev.(L.38)熟练控制或操纵(某事物)

原始人很快就学会了使用工具。Primitivemanquicklylearnedhowtomanipulatetools.

你知道如何使用计算机吗?Doyouknowhowtomanipulateacomputer?

6.agonizingadj.(L.46)使人痛苦的

折磨人的疼痛anagonizingpain

恼人的耽搁anagonizingdelay

痛苦的决定anagonizingdecision

所有中国人无不殷切盼望早日结束这种令人痛心的局面。

AlltheChinesepeopleareyearningforanearlyendtothisagonizingsituation

同源词:

agonizev.(对某事物)极度忧虑或担心agonizeda.表示痛苦的

7.clipvt.(L.58)(用剪刀)剪(某物);(尤指)剪短,修剪

为参加狗展把狗的毛剪短了。Thedog’sfurwasclippedshortfortheshow.

她将旧的纪录缩短了近两秒。Sheclippednearlytwosecondsofftheoldrecord.

8.filevt.(L.58)用锉切削(某物)

她在很仔细地锉指甲。Sheisfilingherfinger-nailswithgreatcare.

发动机的号码被锉掉了。Theenginenumberswerefiledaway.

9.yieldvi.(L.72)屈服,让步;(对某人/某事物)不再反对

该城受长期围困而被迫弃守。Thetownwasforcedtoyieldafteralongsiege.

她禁不住诱惑,又吃了一块巧克力。Sheyieldedtotemptationandhadanotherchocolate.

10.invain(L.74)结果地,徒然;无效果的,无用的

昨晚我怎么也睡不着。Itriedinvaintosleeplastnignt.

我们的工作全都白干了。Allourworkwasinvain.

III.KeystotheExercises

EnhanceYourLanguageAwareness

WORDSINACTION

WorkingwithWordsandExpressions

1.1)curled2)minimum3)clip4)yielded5)Given

6)awaiting7)fascinated8)affection9)interact10)haste

11)harden12)grief13)defies14)glance15)presence

16)lasting17)via18)acquire19)manipulate20)restraints

2.1)let…looseon2)fitinto3)holdon4)stateofaffairs

5)inthecourseof6)invain7)build…on8)Inshort

9)growusedto10)blame…on11)reachedfor12)giveandtake

IncreasingYourWordPower

1.1)overcoat2)overhead3)overjoyed4)overslept

5)overweight6)overdue7)overtime8)overworking

2.1)crush2)attribtes3)fancy4)bubbled5)grasp

6)drizzling7)labeling8)yield

3.1)Weareshortofhands.

2)Istillhavesomemoneyinhand.

3)Givemeahandwiththisbox,please.

4)Ioftenkeepadictionaryathand.

5)Thefootballfanswereoutofhand.

6)Handoutthepencilstoeveryoneintheclass.

7)Thisringwashandeddowntomebymygrandmother.

8)Time’sup.Pleasehandinyourtestpapers.

9)Pleasehandonthemagazinetoyourroommates.

10)I’mafraidIcan’thelpyou.I’magreenhand.

GRAMMARREVIEW

1.1)Sittingonthestairswas//Onthestairswassitting

2)Overthewallcame/flew

3)Roundthecornerwas

4)Thenfinallycame

5)Underthetablewaslying

新世纪大学英语综合教程3Unit2课堂笔记及课后练习答案

6)At/Onthetopof(Ontopof)thehillstood

2.1)Thebeaverchewsdowntreestogetfoodandmaterialtobuilditshomewith.

2)DoyourparentsthinkTomisaniceboytogooutwith?

3)Thegoalsforwhichhehasfoughtallhislifeseemunimportanttohimnow.

4)None.

5)Theessaystartsbyaskingaquestion,towhichtheauthorthengivesapositiveanswer.

CLOZE

1.1)haste2)stateofaffairs3)distinguished4)meetingofminds5)blossom

6)innercharm7)intimacy8)emotion9)acquiring10)ideals11)admiration

12)lasting13)affection14)forge15)honor16)overwhelming

TRANSLATION

1)无论是友情还是爱情,你都不可能期待自己付出最少而得到最多。(maximum;minimum)

Ineitherfriendshiporlove/Inbothfriendshipandlove,youshouldneverexpecttotake/receivethemaximumwhileyougivetheminimum.

2)我把全部希望寄托在他的承诺上,结果却发现他根本不是个真诚的人。(buildon;sincerity)

Ibuiltallmyhopesonhispromise(s),onlytofindthathewasnotamanofsincerityatall.

3)我们带母亲去了所有我们能找到的最好的医院,但一切努力都是徒劳的。母亲还是没能熬过那次疾病(invain)

WetookMothertoallthebesthospitalswecouldfind,butalloureffortswereinvain;shefailedtosurvivethedisease.

4)情人节(Valentine’sDay)是个一年一度在2月14日庆祝的节日,一个向自己心仪的对象表达爱意的好日子。(affection)

Valendine’sDayisanannualholidaycelebratedonFebruary14,aperfectdaytoexpresslovetotheobjectofyour/one’saffection.

5.在信息时代,通过电子邮件方式跟远方的朋友交流几乎可以是同步的(simultaneous)。(era;via)

Intheinformationera,communicationswithfar-awayfriendsviae-mailcanbealmost/virtuallysimultaneous.

6)爱情需要时间,因为只有慢慢习惯和学会欣赏对方才会产生出爱情。(growusedto;forge)

Lovetakestime,foritisnotforgeduntilyouhavegrownusedtotheother’scompanyandlearnedtoappreciatetheother.

ParagraphTransltion

Afterdinner,weallsataroundthehearth.AuntSusanwasstillinthegriefoflosingUncleRobert.Inhersoftvoiceshetoldusabouttheirpastyears.UncleRobertjoinedthearmyshortlyaftertheywereengaged.Giventhecriticalsituationatthetimewhenlotsofarmymendidn’treturnalive,youcanimaginehowmuchoverjoyedAuntSusanwastoseeUncleRobertcomebacksafeandsoundfromtheEuropeanbattlefield.Thentheygotmarriedandbroughtupfivechildren.Forallthoseyears,theiraffectionforeachothergrewstrongerinthecourseofovercomingdifficultiesandhardshipsinlife.IwasfascinatedbyAuntSusan’sstory,whichwastotallydifferentfrommyidealoflove.Theypracticedgivingandsharingintheirdailylifeinsteadofpursuingpassionandromance.Amazingly,suchlovelastedthroughtheirwholelife.

IV.Writing

1.WritingSkill

Howtowritealetterofapplication

Thepurposeofaletterofapplicationistohelptheapplicantobtainthejobheisinterestedin.Itshouldstateclearlywhatpositiontheapplicantwants,andshouldtellwhathisabilitiesarewhathehastooffer.Itshouldprovideaquick,clearpictureoftheapplicant’squalifications,accomplishmentandaims.Itshouldpresenttheapplicanttopossibleemployorsinthebestlight.

Basicstructure

Theopening,inwhichyou

—Explainhowyouheardaboutthevacancy;

—Specifythejobyouareseeking;

—Introduceyourself.

Thesalespitch,inwhichyou

—Firstsaysomethingaboutyourselfthatwillmakeyourreaderwanttogoonreading;

—Thenanswerthequestion“whyyou”ofalltheapplicationsorresumestheyhavereceivedbystatingyouraccomplishmentsandabilities;

—thentellthemyougenuinelywanttoworkforthecompany/organization,etc.

Thecallforaction,inwhichyou

—Suggestwhatyouwilldotofollowup;

—Requestaninterview.

Theclosing,inwhichyouendtheletterinabusiness-likemannerby

—Using“sincerely(yours)”.

2.Usefulexpressions

1)Applicationsforentrytoacollege

Iamwritingtoaswhetheryoucouldsendmesomeinformationaboutyourcollegeandfortheapplicationforms…

IamwritingtoyouinthehopethatImayobtainanopportunitytodograduatestudyinouruniversity…

2)Applicationforjobs

Iseefromyouradvertisementinyesterday’sChinaDailythat…

Iaminterestedinthepost/Ishouldliketoapplyforthepostofwhichyouadvertisedinyesterday’sChinaDaily…

Ishouldverymuchliketobeconsideredforthepostof…whichwasadvertisedin…

Iamlookingforajobas…,andwouldbegratefulifyouwouldconsidermeforsuchapostinyourfirm.

Thankyouforyourtimeandconsideration.

Icancomeforaninterviewatanytimeconvenienttoyou.

Ilookforwardtoyourearlyreply/theinterview.

IlookforwardtohearingfromyouandIdohopeIshallhavetheopportunityofaninterview.

3.WritingPractice:Learntowriteanapplicationletterfromtheexample

Directions:Youwanttoapplyforthefollowingjob:waiter/waitressrequiredforeveningwork..WritealettertoMr.Henry(theboss)to:

1)showyourinterestintheposition,

2)explainwhyyouwouldbesuitableforthejob,

3)lookforwardtothepossibleinterviewwithhim.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.

Sample

DearMr.Henry,

Iamwritingtoexpressmyinterestinyourrecentlyadvertisedpositionforawaitress.Enclosedwiththisletterismyresume,whichfurtherdetailsmypreviousworkexperienceandqualifications.

First,notonlydomyqualificationsandworkexperiencemakemeaperfectcandidateforthejob,mypersonalityiswellsuitedtoworkingasawaitress.Second,Iamaveryfriendlypersonwhocanquicklyestablishrapportwithpeopleofallages.Last,thefast-pacedenvironmentofwaitingontablessuitesmewellbecauseIthriveonworkingunderpressure.

Iwouldliketomeetwithyouatyourearliestconvenience,todiscussthepossibilityofworkingatyourrestaurant.Thankyouforyourconsiderationofmyapplication.Ilookforwardtomeetingyouinthenearfuture.

Yourssincerely,

LiMing

4.Writealetterasrequired

Directions:Beingavolunteerforthe2008BeijingOlympicGamesisyourstrongwish.Writealetterabout150wordstotheBeijingOlympicCommitteeto

1)stateyourapplicationtobeavolunteer,

2)describeyourqualifications,

3)expresstheappreciationofaninterview.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.

Sample

DearSirorMadam,

Iamwritingtoexpressmygreatinterestinthe“OlympicVolunteerRecruitment”launchedrecentlybytheBeijingOlympicCommittee,andIwouldliketoapplyasaqualifiedcandidate.

AsIamanEnglishmajor,myfluencyinbothMandarinandEnglish,aswellasmybasiccommandofFrench,guaranteesthatImeetthelanguagerequirementforthevariousvolunteerpositions.Moreimportantly,Ihavebeenanenthusiasticparticipantinmanyinternationalexchangeprograms―whicharereflectedinmyattachedresume―andtherefore,Ibelievemycommunicationskillsmakemecompetentforsuchapost.

Shouldyougrantmeaninterview,Iwouldbemostgrateful.

Yourstruly,

LiMing

  

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