现在完成时和现在完成进行时的比较及练习

(现在完成时和现在完成进行时)

现在完成时

一、现在完成时的意义及其构成：

现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态, 其结果的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成: have (has) +过去分词

二、通常使用现在完成时的几种情况：
1、表示过去发生的事对现在仍有影响。
The disappearance of Justinhas made Kelly very unhappy．(Justin在过去失踪，但Kelly至今仍旧为他的失踪感到不高兴)
2、表示过去开始的动作一直延续到现在。
I haven’t seen Justin sincelast Friday night．(从上周五晚上到现在一直都没有见到过
3、表示动作的确切时间不明确或不重要。
The boy has already comehome．(男孩已经回家，但没有指出何时回家)
4、表示刚结束的动作。
The police have just finishedsearching the area．(警方刚结束对该地区的搜查)
5、表示反复发生的动作。
Some villagers say that theyhave seen UFOs many times．(村民们曾多次看到UFO)

三、常与现在完成时连用的时间状语
1、表示过去的事或动作对现在有影响，动作的时间不明确、不重要或动作刚结束，一般可用already(用于肯定句或疑问句)、yet(用于否定句或疑问句)、ever、just、recently、latelynever等。除此之外，before也可用于现在完成时。
The boy has already comehome．男孩已经来家了。
I haven't heard anything fromhim yet/ recently／lately.

近来，我没收到他的任何信件。
The police have just finishedsearching the area．警方已经结束对这个地区的搜查。
I've met the old man somewherebefore．我以前在某个地方见过那位老人。
2、表示动作从过去开始，并一直延续到现在，一般可用for／since短语或由since引导的时间状语从句。在介词for后一般跟表示一段时间的短语，在since后一般跟表示某个时间的短语，或表示过去时间的状语从句。
We haven't seen him for two years／since2002．我两年没见到他了/自从2002年以来就没见过他。
We haven't seen him since he leftNanjing．自从他离开南京我们就一直没见到过他。

3、 表示反复发生的动作，一般可用数词+times、recently和lately等。
Some villagers say that theyhave seen UFOs many times/ recently/lately．

一些村民说他们多次/近来看到飞碟。

四、用于现在完成时的句型：

1) It is the first/ second time.... that…结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。如果主句是过去时，从句相应地改为过去完成时。例如：

Itis the first time that I have visited the city.这是我第一次参观这座城市。

Itwas the third time that the boy had been late.这是男孩第三次迟到了。

2) sb./ sth. + be+ 形容词最高级+ that…结构,that从句要用现在完成时。如果主句是过去时，从句相应地改为过去完成时。例如：

　This is the bestfilm that I've (ever) seen. 这是我看过的电影中最好的一部。

You are the most creative man that I have ever met.你是我遇到过的人中最有创造性的一位。

3) since引导时间状语从句时，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。例如：

It has been/ is a long time since I last came to the city.自从我上次到城里来，已经有好长一段时间了。

I started myteaching career at the school. That was more than twenty years ago,and I have been there eversince.我是在那个学校开始我的教书生涯。那是二十多年前的事了，从那时起我一直就在那儿。

注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。

(错) I havereceived his letter for a month.

(对) I receivedthis letter a month ago.

(对) I haven'treceived his letter for almost a month.

比较since和for

一、现在完成进行时的意义及其构成：

现在完成进行时表示某一动作在过去开始发生, 已经持续到现在, 并且还将持续, 或刚刚停止。其构成:

have (has) +been +doing

I have beenlearning English for three years.(学英语这个动作从三年前开始持续到现在，还将继续学)

I have beenwaiting three hours for you. (等待从过去开始，一直持续到现在，刚刚结束)
二、通常使用现在完成进行时的两种情况：
1 表示过去开始的动作一直延续到现在并仍在继续之中。
I have not been sleeping well since I returnedhome．(“我”回家后一直都没有睡好，现在也没有睡好)
2 表示过去开始的动作刚结束并在某种情况下与现在有关联。
Kelly：Sorry I'm late．Have you been waiting long?(凯利刚到，对方虽然不再等了，但已一直等到现在)
Sally：Yes．I have been waiting for anhour．
现在完成进行时和现在完成时皆可表示动作对现在产生的结果，但前者所表示的结果是直接的，而后者所表示的则是最后的结果。如：

We have beencleaning the classroom．我们打扫教室来着。

其直接结果可能是：我们身上都是灰。表示教室刚刚打扫过。

We have cleanedthe classroom．我们把教室打扫过了。其结果是：现在教室很清洁，可

以用了。表示教室可能是昨天打扫的。

现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别

Helen has read abook about Stonehenge. (可表示海伦已经读完了)
Helen has been reading a book about Stonehenge.(表示海伦仍在读)
------ How many times have you visited Egypt this month?
------I have visited Egypt twice this month.
(现在完成时在这一组对话当中表示被问者过去往返于埃及和居住地，但现已经回来)
------ How long have you been touring Egypt ?
------ I have been touring Egypt for two months.
(现在完成进行时在这一组对话中表示被问者过去一段时间内一直呆在埃及，没有离开过)
I have had this camera for fiveyears．(had是表示“拥有”状态的动词)
I have taken photos of UFOs with this camera.(taken是表示动作的动词)
I have been taking photos of UFOs with this camera.(taking是表示动作的动词)
I’ve never visited Paris. 我从未参观过巴黎。
I've already been to Paris. 我已经去过巴黎了。

. 选择填空

1. Mike: have youlearned something unexplained before?

John: Yes, Iaresearch on an unexplained fact 6 years ago in myhometown.

A.makeB.madeC. have beenmakingD. have made

2. Mr. White worksas a lawyer now, but heasan actor for several years.

A.workedB. hasworkedC. hadworkedD. had been worked

3. Now that youafamous mountain climber, what are you going to do?

A. havebeenB.areC.wereD. had been

4. Miss. Zhang: Iam almost tired out.

Miss. Huang: So you are. Youonthe documents all day.

A. areworkingB. haveworkedC. wereworkingD. have been working

5. Tom: Iherethree days ago.

Andy: Whatthesedays?

A. got; did youdoB. have got; have you done

C. had got; willyoudoD. got; have you been doing

6. Annie: I’msorry to keep you waiting.

Michael: Oh, not at all. Ihereonly a few minutes.

A. havebeenB. had beenC.wasD.will be

7. You don’t needto describe her. Iherseveral times.

A. had metB.have metC.metD.meet

8. Ted: I came toCanada last autumn. What about you, Jim?

Jim: Iherefor about half a year, and I miss my family very much.

A.comeB.cameC.have comeD.have been

9. It is said inthe book that Thomas Edison (1847-1934)theworld leading inventor for about sixty years.

A. would beB.has beenC.wasD.had been

10. Billy:thesport meeting might be put off.

Paul: Yes, it alldepends on the weather.

A. I’ve been toldB.I’ve toldC. I’mtoldD.I told

11. Johnson: Whatbad luck that wethefootball match in the last 3 minutes.

Thomas: Especiallywhen wesohard in the past years.

A. had lost; trainedB.were losing; had rained

C. have lost; have trainedD.lost; have been training

12. Melissa: Hi,Mary. It’s nice hearing from you.

Mary: Icomingto visit you but too much work prevents me from doingso.

A.had thoughtofB.thought of

C. have beenthinkingofD.have thought of

13. Tom: MissJonesmusicat Eton School for ten years.

Sarah: No wonder Ioften hear her singing in her garden.

A.teachers B.used to teachC. isteachingD. has been teaching

14. Tracy: I thinkthe waitress must have forgotten us. weherefor over half an hour and nobodyourorder yet.

John: I suppose youare right.

A. have beenwaiting; hastakenB. have beenwaiting; took

C. have beenwaited; hastakenD.have waited; took

15. The studentsdon’t want to have their supper until theytheirexperiment.

A. finishedB.have finishedC. hadfinishedD. will finish

16. I playping-pong quite well, but Itimeto play since the new year.

A. haven’tB. don’thaveC. haven’thadD. don’t have had

17. By nowstudents in Grade One1,700English words and phrases.

A.should learnB. havelearnedC. learnedD.learn

18. Imyhistory this time yesterday. Now Iallmy work for today.

A. reviewed; haddoneB.was reviewing; had done

C. was reviewing; have doneD.reviewed; have done

19. Iunexplainedthings recently and I evensomewriting.

A. have been researching; havestartedB. have researched; had started

C. have beenresearching; have been startingD. have been researched; have started

20. Tom: Wherehave you been? Iyouthe whole day.

Kate: I was in thelibrary reading magazines.

A.have been telephoningB.had telephoned

C.telephonedD.was telephoned

21. The bossyetwhen and where to take her paid holiday.

A.has decidedB. didn’tdecide C.hasn’tdecided D.hadn’t decided

22. Jane: How areyou today?

Ben: Oh, Ithisill in a long time.

A.didn’tfeelB. wasn’t feelingC. don’tfeel D.haven’t felt

23. Shirleyabook about China last year but I don’t know whether she hasfinished it.

A.has writtenB.wroteC. hadwrittenD. waswriting

24. Peter: Hi,Tracy, you look tried.

Tracy: I am tired. Itheliving room all day.

A.paintedB. hadpainted C.have been painting D. havepainted

25. I don’t reallywork here. Iuntilthe new secretary arrives.

A. just helpoutB.have just help out

C. am just helping outD.will just help out

26. The price,but I am not sure whether it will go up again tomorrow.

A. went downB.will go downC. has gonedownD. was going down

27. I wonder whyJennyusrecently. We should have heard from her by now.

A.hasn’twritten B.doesn’t writeC. won’twriteD. hadn’t written

28. The highbuilding is reported todownlast month.

A. be tornB. have beentornC.tearD. havetorn

29. – Who is JerryCooper?

--?I saw you shaking hands with hem at the meeting.

A. Don’t you meet himyetB.Didn’t you meet him yet

C. Haven’t you met him yetD.Hadn’t you met him yet

30. Imywashing machine the whole morning. I must get t done beforenoon.

A. have repairedB.am repairingC.will repairD. have beenrepairing

31. I gotfrightened in the earthquake not long ago. Iwellsince then.

A. haven’t been sleepingB. haven’tsleepC. didn’t sleepD.don’t sleep

32. ExpertsforYetis in the Himalayas for years, but they stillone.

A. have looked; haven’t beenfindingB. have looked; haven’t been found

C.are looking; haven’t beenfoundD. have been looking; haven’t found

.用所给动词的适当形式填空

1. The aliens saythey come from zeton and(travel)for 2 years

2. How many timesyou(swim)in the sea?

3. How longthechildren(play)computer games?

4. They(visit)this national park twice this month.

5. They(tour)Paris for 2 weeks. They are going back home next week.

6. Shenever(read)any book about Stonehenge before.

7. Jim(read)a book about the Loch Ness Monster this morning, and he’ll getthrough soon.

8. I(notbe) so delighted since I(enjoy)myself last.

9. But no evidenceof life(discover)in any of these planet so far.

10. – Will someonego and get Dr. White?

-- Healready(send)for.

答案BAADD ；ABDCA；DCDAB ；CBCAA； CDDCC； CABCD；

AD

1． have beentraveling 2. have; swum 3.have; been playing 4. have visited 5 . have been touring

6. has;read 7. has been reading 8.have not been; enjoyed 9. has been discovered 10.has; beensent

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