英语听力之速记方法 英语听力速记法

一、缩写词:Abbreviations in Note taking

l Use only theabbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remembereasily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations intoyour note taking at a time.

1.Symbols helpful in math -- these arecommonly used in texts and references.

S= sum

f= frequency

l Leave out periodsin standard abbreviations.

cf= compare

e.g.= example

dept= department

l Use only the firstsyllable of a word.

pol= politics

dem= democracy

lib= liberal

cap= capitalism

l Use entire firstsyllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.

pres= presentation

subj= subject

ind= individual

cons= conservative

l Eliminate finalletters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizableabbreviation.

assoc= associate

biol= biology

info= information

ach= achievement

chem= chemistry

max= maximum

intro= introduction

conc= concentration

min= minimum

rep= repetition

l Omit vowels, retainonly enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of theword.

ppd= prepared

prblm= problem

estmt= estimate

bkgd= background

gvt= government

l Use an apostrophein place of letters.

am't= amount

cont'd= continued

gov't= government

educat'l= educational

l Form the plural ofa symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.

chpts= chapters

egs= examples

fs= frequencies

intros= introductions

l Use g to representing endings.

ckg= checking

estg=establishing

decrg= decreasing

exptg= experimenting

Spell out short wordssuch as in, at, to, but, for, and key.

l Abbreviations orsymbols for short words will make the notes too dense withshorthand.

Leave out unimportantwords.

Leave out the words aand the.

二、使用符号

A.逻辑符号:

+ 或& =and

w/ = with

w/o=without

= = is, are, means,refers to, like, is called 表等同关系

≠ = not,different

≈ = about,appoximately……表大概

abt =about

# = number

× = times

à =result in, cause, produces, therefore……表推断关系

ß =come from, derive from 来自……

ex 或eg。= example

@ = at

/ = of

< =less, smaller

>= more, larger

btw =between

= rise, increase, ascent……

= fall, decrease, descent……

∵∴ = becauseso 表因果

△表强调或注意的地方

++(+2)表示"多"的比较级:more

+3表示"多"的最高级:most

-表示"少": little, few, lack ,in short of/be in shortage of etc.

×表示"错误"、"失误"和"坏"的概念:wrong/incorrect,something bad,notorious,negative,etc.

>表示"多于"概念:bigger/larger/greater/morethan/better than, etc.

 表示"高" 概念:superior to,surpass, etc.

<表示"少于"概念:less/smaller,etc.

  表示"低"概念:inferior to,etc.、

 表示"对手"概念:a match, rival, competitor,counterpart, etc.

()表示"在……之间":among, within, etc.

≠表示"不同"概念:be different from, etc.

  表示"无敌"概念:matchless, peerless, etc.

~表示"大约"概念:about/around,or so, approximately, etc.

/表示"否定","消除"等概念:cross out, eliminate,etc.

:表示各种各样"说"的动词:say, speak, talk, marks, announce,declare, etc.

?表示"问题":question,issue,例如:台湾问题:tw?

.(dot)这个"."点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样".d"表示yesterday,".y"表示last year,".2m"表示two monthago."y"表示thisyear, "y2." two year later"next week", 可以表示为"wk."

∧表示转折

√表示"好的"状态,right/good,famous/well-known,etc.

  表示"同意"状态,stand up for,support, agree with sb, certain/ affirmative,etc.

☆表示"重要的"状态:important,exemplary(模范的)best,outstanding,brilliant,etc.

n表示"交流"状态:exchange,mutual, etc.

&表示"和","与":and,together with,along with, accompany,along with,further more,etc.

∥表示"结束":end,stop,halt,bring sth to a standstill/stop,etc.
英语听力之速记方法 英语听力速记法
 

三、 较长单词的处理办法

-ism简写为m 例如:socialismSm

-tion简简写为n 例如:standardization(标准化)stdn

-cian简简写为o 例如:techniciantecho

-ing简写为g 例如:marketing (市场营销) MKTg

-ed简写为d 例如:acceptedacptd

-able/ible/ble简写为bl 例如:availableavbl

-ment简写为mt 例如:amendmentamdmt

-ize简写为z 例如:recognizeregz

-ful简写为fl 例如:meaningfulmnfl

  

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