1.规则动词过去式的变化规则
1)一般在动词词尾加ed。
work—worked,rain—rained,watch—watched
2)如果动词以字母e结尾,变过去式时直接在词尾加d。
love—loved,live—lived,change—changed
3)如果动词是以一个元音字母加上一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词,变过去式时,要双写这个辅音字母,再加ed。
stop—stopped,plan—planned,drop—dropped
4)如果动词是以辅音字母加y结尾,变过去式时要变y为i再加ed。
study—studied,carry—carried,try—tried
一般过去式构成:表示一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示,而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。规则动词的过去式变化如下:一般情况下,动词词尾加 -ed ,如:
worked played wanted acted
以不发音的 -e结尾动词,动词词尾加 -d,如:
lived moved decided declined hoped judged raised wiped
以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i再加-ed,如:
studied tried copied justified cried carried embodiedemptied
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加-ed,如:
stopped begged fretted dragged dropped planned dotted dripped注:不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。
go - went make - made get - got buy - bought come - camefly-flew
构成
表示一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示,而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。规则动词的过去式变化如下:
一般情况下,动词词尾加 -ed ,如:
worked played wanted acted
以不发音的 -e 结尾动词,动词词尾加 -d,如:
lived moved decided declined hoped judged raised wiped
以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i 再加-ed,如:
studied tried copied justified cried carried embodied emptied
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加 -ed,如:
stopped begged fretted dragged dropped planned dotted dripped
注:不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。
go - went make - made get - got buy - bought come - came fly-flew is/am-was are-were see-saw bring-brough
用法:
(1)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况,通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词,词组或从句,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。
I worked in that factory last year. 去年我在那一家工厂工作。
I went to the Tian Long Mountain yesterday. 昨天我们去了天龙山。
(2)
一般过去时态:表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。谓语动词要用一般过去式。时间标志:yesterday(昨天), last week(上周), last month(上个月), last year(去年), two months ago(两个月前), the day before yesterday(前天),in 1990 (在1990年), in those days (在那些日子里)等表示过去的时间状语。
如:I was born in 1990. (我出生在1990年)。
When did you go to the park? (你是什么时候去的公园)。
I went to the park last week. (我是上周去的公园)
在上面的句子中第一句属于be动词的一般过去时态;第二句和第三句属于实义动词的一般过去时态。
1. Be 动词的一般过去时态
在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词, am is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were.
构成:肯定句:主语+was (were) +宾语
如:I was late yesterday. (昨天我迟到了。)
否定句:主语+was (were) +not+宾语
如:We weren't late yesterday. (我们昨天没迟到)
疑问句:Was (Were) +主语+宾语
如: Were you ill yesterday? (你昨天病了吗?)
肯定回答: Yes, I was. (是的,我病了。)
否定句: No, I wasn't. (不,我没病。)
特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+was (were) +主语+宾语
如:When were you born? 你是什么时候出生的?
读法:
规则动词词尾加-ed有三种读音:
1. 在清辅音后读作[t]。如:asked, helped, watched, stopped
2. 在浊辅音和元音后读作[d]。如:enjoyed, studied, moved, called
3. 在t / d后读作[id]。如:wanted, needed
不规则动词的过去式大体上归纳有以下六条记忆法:
1. 以t结尾的词,过去式与原形相同。如:put—put, let—let, cut—cut, beat—beat
2. 以d结尾的词,把d变成t。如:build—built, lend—lent, send—sent, spend—spent
3. 以n结尾的词,在词后加t。如:mean—meant, burn—burnt, learn—learnt
4. 以ow / aw结尾的词,把ow / aw变成ew。如:blow—blew, draw—drew, know—knew, grow—grew
5. 含有双写字母的词,将双写改为单写,在词尾加t。如:keep—kept, sleep—slept, feel—felt, smell—smelt
6. 含有元音字母o / i的词,将o / i变成a。如:sing—sang, give—gave, sit—sat, drink—drank