郭老师讲初中英语语法:初中定语从句的用法和精练

初中定语从句的用法和精练

一、定语从句的概念

在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

The man who / that Isaw at the school gate yesterday is my Englishteacher.

先行词定语从句

昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。

二、定语从句的关系词

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词where, when,why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

① I am waiting for the boy who /that is wearinga red coat. (关系代词作主语)

先行词 关系代词

我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩。

The dictionary that / which my sister gave me last Sundayis very expensive.

先行词关系代词(关系代词作宾语)

我姐姐上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵。

The woman whose name is Linda Brown is hismother. (关系代词作定语)

先行词关系代词

那个是他的母亲,名叫琳达•布朗。

④ That is the house where my father used tolive. (关系代词作状语)

先行词关系副词

那是我父亲曾经居住过的房子。

三、关系代词的用法

1.that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作

宾语时可省略。例如:

郭老师讲初中英语语法:初中定语从句的用法和精练

①Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)

②The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue. 我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。

(that作宾语)

2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:

① Thebuilding which stands near the train station is asupermarket.

位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)

②The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.

我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)

3. who,whom都用于指人,who用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如:

① Thegirl who often helps me with my English is from England.

经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)

②Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?

(作宾语)

小结:that既可指人,也可指物,作主语,不能省略;作宾语,可以省略。

which指物,作主语,不能省略;作宾语,可以省略。

who指人,作主语,不能省略;作宾语(常用whom),可以省略。

注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。

注意——

(1) 当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who, that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:

① This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。

②Please tell me from whom you borrowed the Englishnovel.

请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。

(2) 含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:

Thisis the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。

(3) that作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:

Thecity that she lives in is very far away. 她居住的城市非常远。

(4) 关系词只能用that而不用which的情况:

a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which。例如:

Hewas the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。

b. 被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, theone等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which。例如:

Isthere anything that you want to buy in the shop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?

c. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which。例如:

Thisis the same bike that I lost. 这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,而不用which。例如:

I canremember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in theroom.

我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

e. 以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that。例如:

Whois the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?

f. 主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which。例如:

Thereis a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

(5) 关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:

a. 先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that。例如:

What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?

b. 关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:

This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。

c. 引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that。例如:

Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。

五、关系副词的用法

(1) when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:

Thiswas the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。

(2) where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:

Thisis the place where he works. 这是他工作的地点。

(3) why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:

Nobodyknows the reason why he is often late for school.

没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

I.单项填空。

1. —Do you know the man _________is talking with yourfather?

—Yes, he’s ourheadmaster.

A. heB.who C.which D.whom

2. Is this the river_________I can swim?

A. whichB.in whichC.that D.the one

3. This is the best hotel in the city_________I know.

A. whereB.whichC.that D.it

4. Can you lend me the dictionary_________the other day?

A. thatyou boughtB. you bought it

C. that you bought it D. which you bought it

5. Anyone_________with what I said may put up you hands.

A. whichagreesB.who agreeC.who agreesD. which agree

6. Mywatch is not the only thing_________is missing.

A. thatB.itC.which D.who

7. The man_________coat is black is waiting at the gate

A. who’sB.whoseC.that of whichD. which’s

8. The girl_________is reading under the tree_________mysister.

A. which;isB.whom; was C.who; isD.who; was

9. I love places_________the people are really friendly.

A. thatB.whichC.whereD.who

10. The world_________is made up of matter.

A. in thatwe liveB. on which we liveC. wherewe live inD. we livein

Ⅱ.用适当的关系代词that, which, who,whom填空。

1. The first thing_________you must do is to have ameal.

2. April 1st is the day _________is called April Fool’s Day in thewest.

3. The family _________ had lost everythingin a big fire got much help from theirfriends.

4. The house _________we live in is veryold.

5. Didn’t you see theman _________I talked with justnow?

III.牵手中考。

1.(2011清远)Have you read the book_________is about the moon?

A.whatB.itC./D.which

2.(2011广西百色)Thepoliceman caught the thief_________has stolen Mr. Li’s computer.

A.whichB.whoseC.whomD. who

3.(2011桂林)Thebasketball_________I boughtyesterday cost me 80 yuan.

A.thatB.whereC.whoD. when

4.(河北省2011)Theteachers_________came fora visit are foreigners.

A.whoB.whomC.whoseD. which

5.(2011河南省)Tony, tell me the result of thediscussion_________you hadwith your dad

yesterday.

A.whatB.whichC.whenD. who

6.(2011黑龙江绥化市)This is the camera ______my uncle gave me for mybirthday.

A.whichB.whoC.what

7.(2011哈尔滨)"Get new knowledge by reviewing the old" is a famous sayingby Confucius(孔子).He was a great thinker________words still have a great effect on millions of peoplearound the world today.

A.whoB.who'sC.whose

8.(2011呼和浩特)—Isthere anyone here_________name isBetty?

—Sorry, I don’tknow.

A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose

9.(2011四川达州)—Where did you go last week?

—I went to Zhang Aiping’s hometown and visited thehouse_______he wasborn in.

A.thatB.thereC.whoD.whose

10.(2011四川南充)Isthat the man_________helped usa lot after the earthquake?

A.whichB.whoC.whom

11.(2011四川资阳)—Ihear that Lily’s brother is a worker here.

—Look, the man_________is working over there is her brother.

A.whoB.whomC.whatD.which

12.(2011天津)John is the boy_________legs were badly hurt in the accident.

A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which

13.(2011乌鲁木齐)Wedon't like people_________talk toomuch but never do anything.

A.whoseB.whoC.whenD.which

14.(2011梧州)—Doyou know the boy_________isstanding under the tree?

—Yes, he is myfriend, Peter.

A.whatB.whoC.whomD.whose

  

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