新视野大学英语视听说教程新版本第三册答案及听力1-10完整版 新视野视听说教程1

Unit 6
II. Basic Listening Practice
1. Script
W: Are those cigarettes yours? I thought you quit. If you go backto it, your teeth and fingers will be nicotine-stained; your breathand clothes will smell smoky.
M: I didn’t. I swear. Ads showing diseased lungs kept me fromstarting again. Believe me, I’ll never again be a slave tosmoking.
Q: Why didn’t the man go back to smoking?
Script
M: What’s that noise? It’s really loud! Sounds like gunshots!
W: It’s the local “youth” throwing firecrackers. Don’t go out.They’re likely to throw one at you or put one through the letterboxif you bother them.
Q: What may the young people do?
3. Script
M: I wish I had left my wallet at home. But I’m sure I put it in myback pocket.
W: Oh, no, it’s easy for a pickpocket to take it from there. Youshould out your money in your breast pocket.
Q: What should the man do, according to the conversation?
4. Script
M: I hate that subway station. Whenever you come our, you’re alwaysplagued by beggars.
W: I know, but the kids really get to me. I can’t help but feelsorry for them. They look so miserable.
Q: What do the man and woman think about the young beggars?
5. Script
M: The bank call me today: they wanted to know if I spent 3,000dollars in a furniture shop this morning! Of course I didn’t!
W: Someone must’ve made a copy of your credit card. It’s easilydone. You’ll have to cancel it at once and get a new one.Hopefully, the bank will cover the damage.
Q: What does the woman recommend the man to do?

Keys: 1.C 2.C3. B 4.A 5.D

III. Listening In
Task 1: How to Solve Unemployment Problem
Script
Alan: I have a meeting with my accountant tomorrow morning. She’spreparing my income tax return, and I need to go over some of thereceipts with her.
Pamela: Income tax return! Don’t you think the government justsquanders our hard-earned tax on some unnecessary projects?
Alan: Sure, someone they do, but we are living pretty well and, tobe honest, I don’t mind paying taxes. If I’m paying income tax, itmeans I’m earning would be much lower.
Pamela: If the poor would just get jobs, our taxes would be muchlower.
Alan: Most people would rather work than receive charity, but thesituation is complex: sometimes there are no jobs that they aretrained for.
Pamela: Then they should take the needed training—upgrade theirskills and knowledge to become more employable.
Alan: Training and upgrading cost money. Some government taxdollars are directed to programs that help the poor get jobs.
Pamela: But even when jobs are available, some of the unemployeddon’t want to work. They would rather have a handout.
Alan: It’s partly a matter of education. Some people have to beeducated to realize how much fuller their life would be if theywere not dependent on charity.
Pamela: I think the government should attack unemployment byreducing the tax rate. That would put more money into people’spockets, then they would spend more, and the spending would createmore jobs for the poor.
Alan: Many people would agree with you.

Alan’s accountant is preparing his income tax return, so heneeds to go over some of the receipts wit her. Pamela complainsthat the government just squanders people’s hard-earned tax moneyon some unnecessary projects. But Alan does not mind paying taxes,saying it means he is earning money, which is better than living oncharity. Pamela insists that if the poor would just get jobs, taxeswould bee much lower. Alan disagrees, saying most people wouldrather work than receive charity, but sometimes there are no jobsthat they are trained for. But Pamela asserts that the joblesspeople should take the needed training to upgrade their skills andknowledge to become more employable. Alan believes that some of thegovernment tax dollars are already directed to training andupgrading programs that help the poor to get jobs. When Pamela sayssome of the unemployed don’t want to work, preferring to havehandouts, Alan points out that some people have to be educated torealize how much fuller their life would be if they ere notdependent on charity. Pamela is, however, more down-to-earth,thinking the government should attack unemployment by reducing thetax rate. That would give people more money; then, they would spendmore, which would create more jobs for the poor.

Task 2: A Professional Gambler
Script
In a bar a guy told the bartender, “I’m a professional gambler;I’ve made of lots of money from gambling.”
The bartender answered, “I can hardly believe it. Your odds arefifty-fifty at best, right?”
“Well, I only bet on sure things,” said the guy.
“Like what?” asked the bartender.
The bartender thought about it, “Okay,” he said.
So the guy pulled out his false right eye and bit it, “Ah, youscrewed me,” said the bartender, and paid the guy fiftydollars.
“I’ll give you another chance. I’ll bet you another fifty dollarsthat I can bite my left eye,” said the stranger.
The bartender thought it over again and said, “Well, I can seeyou’re not blind. I’ll take that bet.”
So, the guy pulled out his false teeth and bit his left eye. Andthe bartender had to pay him another fifty dollars.
Then the guy went to the back room to play cards with some of thelocals. After many hours of drinking and card playing, he stumblesup to the bartender and said, “Bartender, I’ll give you one lastchance. I’ll bet you 500 dollars that I can dump tomato juice intothat whiskey bottle three foot away without spilling a drop.”
The bartender thought the guy must be drunk now, “Okay, you’re on,”he said.
The guy began dumping tomato juice all over the bartender, but no adrop fell into the whiskey bottle.
The bartender was overjoyed. Laughing, the bartender said, “Hey,pal, you owe me five hundred dollars!”
The guy said, “That’s okay. I just bet the guys in the card room1,000 bucks each, that I could dump tomato juice all over you but youstill laugh!”

Keys: TFTFT

For Reference
1. Because not a drop tomato juice fell into the whiskey bottle,and he was to win the bet of 500 dollars.
2. Because he just bet the guys in card room1, 000 buck each thathe could dump tomato juice all over the bartender and still makehim laugh.

Task3: Fighting Teen Smoking
Script
The percentage of teens who smoke cigarettes dropped to 28% in2003, according to a report by the Center for Disease Control andPrevention. That was down from 36% in 1999 as measured by the YouthRisk Behavior Survey. It’s a triumph for many people across thenation who worked tirelessly to reverse the climb in teen smokingrates during the 1990s.
An equal accomplishment many be discovery of what works toinfluence teens’ motivation and behavior. Success has come incommunities with a comprehensive program to fight tobacco use byteens. The best school health classes won’t have much effect onteen who already smoke. Many of them need professional help beforethey can quit. Another interesting finding is that nearly all firstuse of tobacco occurs before high school graduation. So ifadolescents don’t start smoking by age 18, odds are they neverwill. For those who do experiment with cigarettes, new researchshows teens can get hooked on nicotine more quickly than adults andby extremely low levels of tobacco.
Now the bad news: while the teen smoking rate is down to 28%, thatstill means more than one in four teenagers still smoke. Publichealth and parents are not ready to abandon a quarter of today’syoung people to the damaging effects of tobacco. Obviously, it isstill too early to celebrate a complete victory. There is stillmuch room for improvement.

1. What percentage did the teen smoking rate drop by?
2. What happened in the 1990s, according to the speaker? Useful forreducing teen smoking according to the speaker?
3. What is especially useful for reducing teen smoking according tothe speaker?
4. What is the bad news mentioned in the passage?
5. What is the main idea of the passage?

Kes: 1D 2.A 3. B 4.C 5.

For Reference
Before the age of 18. According to the passage, if adolescentsdon’t start smoking by age 18, odds are they never will.

IV. Speaking Out
MODEL 1 Nursing home abuse is a national epidemic.
John: Nora, what are you doing? What are these notes about?
Nora: Well, they are for a 1,000 word essay on abuse on theelderly, due Monday.
John: That’s a big topic. What made you decide to write about thatsubject?
Nora: Granny’s going into a nursing home. And this essay is drivingme crazy.
John: Narrow down the topic. Pick one aspect, like nursing home. Doan outline.
Nora: You mean list the ideas under headings: Introduction, Body,and the Conclusion?
John: Yes. In the Introduction, say people live longer now, crowingnursing homes.
Nora: Then maybe in the Body I can explain how the owners try tosave money on food and care.
John: Right. Here I see a good quotation: “Nursing home abuse is anational epidemic.”
Nora: I have statistics: 500 homes inspected; in one-third, carewas substandard.
John: Mention government offices and lawyers who’ll help in casesof abuse.
Nora: Then, I think I can summarize the main ideas about thehelpless elderly in the Conclusion.
John: Good. When you’ve written a first draft, read it aloud toeliminate awkward spots.
Nora: I’m feeling a lot better about this essay and a lot lessworried about Granny now.
John: The essay is a piece of cake; but ensuring Granny’s OK is alot harder.

Now Your Turn
SAMPLE DIALOG
A: Oh, Bobby, so you’ve come to see me again.
B: How are you doing? Hope everyone is OK here.
A: My God, I can hardly bear the life here. This nursing home isdriving crazy.
B: What’s wrong?>
A: You see, there are to many old people here, but far too small astaff.
B: Yeah, that’s probably because people live longer now, crowdingnursing homes.
A: So we can hardily get attention. The owner tries to save moneyon food and care.
B: I see, nursing home abuse is now a very common problem. I heardof one survey with statistics: 300 homes were inspects, and innearly half of them care was substandard.
A: Sometimes they even beat me. I don’t know where and how I canget help.
B: I n theory government offices and lawyers can help you in casesof abuse.
A: But it is inconvenient for me to contact government officesagain and again, and I’m too poor to hire a lawyer.
B: OK, aunt, since it’s hard to ensure you’re Ok here, I’ll takeyou home. Mary and I will take care of you.
A: Are you sure Mary thinks in the same way as you do?

MODEL2 This beauty battled the bottle.
Chris: Hey Nora.
Nora: Hey Chris. How is it going?
Chris: Not too bad. Sit down. Sit down. Hey, who was thatfood-looking girl you were talking to near the auditorium?
Nora: “The Drunken Doctor”, Dr Doyle, who gave dynamite Ladies Onlylecture.
Chris: No, no. I mean the blonds, healthy-looking, thetwenty-something girl in blue.
Nora: Yeah, exactly. She’s a doctor, but she used to be a drunk.Now she tells women the dangers of drinking.
Chris: I can’t imagine some one as pretty as she is to be a drunk.And a doctor, too!
Nora: She says there are alcoholics all over the world, 16 millionplus just in the U.S.
Chris: I’m surprised that there are so many people who lack thewill-power to stop.
Nora: It’s a disease that strikes young and old, rich and poor, andal walks of life.
Chris: Drunks are often dirty old men begging for money. How didDr. Doyle get hooked?
Nora: She was an intern in a big hospital: long hours, littlesleep, and constant stress.
Chris: I suppose at first alcohol helped her to relax, but sherealized.
Nora: First it was a drink at night, then two, then a bottle, thendrinks to wake up.
Chris: That’s a sad story.
Nora: More inspiring than sad. She got help and stopped. Now shehelps others. Isn’t that wonderful?

Now Your Turn
SAMPLE DIALOG
A: Hi, John, I’m so glad to see you are back!
B: It’s nice to be home again, Mom.
A: Oh, you smell terribly of alcohol and tobacco. You didn’t smokeor drink before you left home a year ago. How did you gethooked?
B: As an assistant engineer, I had to work might shifts often. Ifelt lonely and began to drink and smoke. That helped me torelax.
A: So gradually you drank more and more?
B: Yeah, first it was a drink at night, then two, then a bottle,and then I drank to wake up.
A: Oh, I simply can’t imagine my handsome son to be a drunk and aheavy smoker now. Can’t you stop?
B: It’s difficult. I lack the will-power to stop.
A: But remember the dangers of heavy drinking and smoking. Sooneror later you’ll develop high blood pressure, heart trouble, orliver trouble.
B: There are alcoholics all over the world, and they are stillliving.
A: I’m sorry that drinking and smoking ate diseases that strikeyoung and old, rich and [poor, and all walks of life. Young mustget help and stop.
B: OK, I’ll try my best.

MODEL3 There are high risks with games of chance.
Script
Susan: Hey, Chris. Why so you look so depressed?
Chris: Oh, it’s my brother. You know, he has got a gamblingproblem. You can’t understand gambling as an addiction unlessyou’ve been hooked.
Susan: Apparently it’s like being addicted to drugs or alcohol. Youjust want more and more.
Chris: It’s exactly like alcoholism; it takes over you life. It’son your mind constantly.
Susan: Yeah, like some horrible disease. But you can gethelp.
Chris: My brother tried to stop, but he felt restless…bad tempered.His nerves were always on edge.
Susan: Did he try Gamblers Anonymous? It’s a self-help group withexperience just like his.
Chris: Yeah, he’s not alone. It’s estimated there are 10 millionaddicts in America.
Susan: I don’t want to nag him, but isn’t it a question of takingcontrol of his life?
Chris: I see your point, but he’s a compulsive gambler.
Susan: I know. But if he gets help, maybe he’ll get better.
Chris: No doubt. It’ll be tough. Though but worth it.
Susan: Remember the proverb “Better medicine has wholesomeeffects.”

Now Your Turn
SAMPLE DIALOG
A: Good morning, Mr. Brown, I’m a correspondent with the magazineHealth. I heat you’ve overcome your gambling problem. First of all,could you describe your problems in the past?
B: Yeah, I did have serious gambling problems. You can’t understandgambling as an addiction till you’ve been hooked.
A: Could you tell me your feeling at the time?
B: There was a sensation like the one that comes with drugs oralcohol, and I wanted more and more.
A: How do you compare it with alcoholism?
B: It’s like alcoholism; it takes over your life. It’s on your mindconstantly.
A: Did you try to get help?
B: At first I didn’t. I tried to stop on my own, but I feltrestless and bad-tempered. My nerves were on edge.
A: I see it’s difficult for a compulsive gambler to overcome theproblem. But how did you finally get rid of it?
B: I went to a doctor for help. He made me realize that it was aquestion of getting hold of my life. He told me that if I thoughtof it as a disease, I would probably be cured. He also gave me somemedicine.
A: I guess it was a thought fight.
B: Yes, though but worth it. Anyway, “Bitter pills may havewholesome effects.”

V. Let’s Talk
Script
Today I’ll be presenting a report on our findings on the conditionof the world’s population. It may be a surprise to you that halfthe people in the world live on less than two dollars a day, andone billion people live on less than one dollar a day.
I’m going to look at poverty and its relationship to populationissues. We must work fast if we hope to reduce poverty by half, bythe year 2015.
Our survey shows that the first step should be to improvehealth-care systems. In the world’ poorest countries, people areexpected to live just 49 years. One in ten children doesn’t reachhis or her first birthday. According to our study, poor health andpoverty are linked. Women are affected most by poor-care systems,especially pregnant women.
The second job we have to do, as many of you can guess, is toreduce birth rates. We have found that when given a choice, poorpeople in developing countries have fewer children than theirparents dis. A possible reason for this is probably that smallerfamilies have fewer expenses and more chances of increasing theirearnings and savings.
Since the 1970s, developing countries with lower birth rates havehad faster economic growth. They have had higher productivity, moresavings and more investment. Obviously we must encourage familyplanning and lower birth rates.
Now, here is the third measure we must take: promote education indeveloping countries. Investing in education, especially for women,can reduce poverty. Educated women have more opportunities to workand a chance to live better. Moreover, they tend to send theirchildren to food schools so that they can climb the socialladder.
Well, any questions? None? OK. Now I’ll talk about the fourth stepwe need to take…

Measures to Take in Developing Countries Problems and Reasons forTaking the Measures

1.To improve health care systems In the poorest countries:
1. People are expected to live just 49 years.
2. One in ten children doesn’t reach his or her firstbirthday.
3. Women are affected most by poor health-care systems, especiallypregnant women.

2.To reduce birth rates 1. Smaller families have fewer expensesand more chance of increasing their earnings and savings.
2. Countries with lower birth rates have had faster economicsgrowth.

3. To popularize education Investing in education, especiallyfoe women, can reduce poverty:
1. Educated women have more opportunities to work and can livebetter
2. They are more likely to send their children to good schools sothat the children will climb the social ladder.

Discussion
SAMPLE
A: To reduce poverty, it is very important to lower birth rates, asthe speaker suggested in his lecture.
B: True. Smaller families have fewer expenses and more chances toincrease their earning and savings.
A: Moreover, developing countries with lower birth rates have hadfaster economic growth.
B: It’s equally important to popularize education.
A: Yes, investing in education, especially for women, can reducepoverty. Educated women, you know, have more opportunities to workand a chance to live better.
B: Moreover, they tend to send their children to food school s sothat they will climb the social ladder.
A: The speaker also mentions the necessity to improve thehealth-care system. In fact, poor health and poverty arelinked.
B: I agree. If you are not in good health, you can’t work well toget good pay. What’s more, you have to spend lots of money onseeing doctors.
A: Some countries are economically backward, so they try to developa powerful tourism industry, and in this way they earn a lot ofmoney.
B: I think it is more important for them to develop their nationaleconomy. With fast economic growth, many people will shake offpoverty.
A: Poverty can be alleviated further by economic aid from richcountries.
B: But I think technological aid from advanced countries can bemore significant. With better technology, poor countries candevelop faster on their on,. As the Chinese saying goes, it isbetter to teach someone how to fish than to give him fish.
A: If less developed countries are allowed to export more of theirworkforce, they can earn more foreign currency.
B: This requires developed nations to lower their tariffbarriers.

VI. Further Listening and Speaking
Task1: Held Back Because I Speak Spanish
Script
I was raised speaking English, but I also spoke Spanish at home.When I went to school for the first time, I was enrolled in ESLclasses—classes of English as a Second Language. I was also put inthe Limited English Proficiency Program. In all these classes, Ialways got the highest grades. I was the best reader and speaker.There as no reason for me to be in any of those classes.
When my parents discovered that I was in those classes instead ofin regular classes with other English-speaking students, they wentto the school administration to complain about the discrimination.The school had nothing to say. My parents tried to get me out ofthe ESL classes, but the school fought it very hard to keep methere. And then we found out why—for every student the school hadin the ESL and Limited English Proficiency Program, they wouldreceive$400. This was pretty devastating. The school’s only excusefor keeping me there was because I lived in a Spanish-speakinghousehold, and that I was influenced by the way my parents spoke.My parents were outraged, but I remained in the ESL and LimitedEnglish Proficiency Program until I was in the fifth grade.
Then parents transferred me to another school where they hadfriends. The new school gave me an English proficiency test. I acedit. SO I didn’t have to attend those programs for non-nativeEnglish speakers. I was finally on the right track and back at thehead of the class. The first school I had would have never let meout of those programs or even let me take the test. I was too“Spanish” for tem.

1. What kind of class does the speaker think he shouldattend?
2. What was the real reason the speaker was placed in a LimitedEnglish Proficiency class?
3. What was the excuse the school used to put the speaker in an ESLclass?
4. How did the speaker perform in the regular English class?
5. When the speaker described his first school, what were hisfeeling?

Keys: 1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.A

Task 2: Drinking, Gambling and Golf
Script
A man was walking in the city when he was accosted by aparticularly dirty-looking bum, who asked him for a couple ofdollars for dinner.
The man took out his wallet, extracted two dollars and asked, “If Igive you this money, will you take it and buy whiskey?”
“No, I stopped drinking years ago,” the bum said.
“Will you use it to gamble?”
“I don’t gamble. I need everything I can get just to stayalive?”
“Will you spend the money on green fees at a golf course?”
”Are you nuts? I haven’t played golf for 20 years!”
The mad said, “Well, I’m not going to give you two dollars.Instead, I’ m going to take you to my home for a terrific dinnercooked by my wife.”
The bum was surprised, “Won’t your wife be furious with you fordoing that? I know I ‘m dirty, and I probably smell prettybad.”
The man replied, “That’s OK. I just want her to see what a manlooks like who’d given up drinking, gambling, and golf.”

Task3: Why buy lottery tickets?
Script
Charles: Did you hear? Next week’s lottery will be 28 milliondollars! You got your ticket yet?
Joan: I didn’t buy lottery tickets, and I don’t gamble on otherways, either. Lottery tickets ate just another way of taxing thepoor.
Charles: What do you mean by that?
Joan: Many of the big spenders on lottery tickets ate poor. Theyare spending money they can’t afford to spend.
Charles: I just buy lottery tickets for fun. You know…the firstprize is a huge amount, and if would be exciting.
Joan: But you don’t need the money to enjoy life, so for you it’s agame. But when the poor buy lottery tickets, it is often out ofdesperation.
Charles: You must be right. Casinos are opening everywhere, andmany people go on gambling holiday—you can even take a gamblingcruise.
Joan: Imagine being on an ocean cruise and spending all your timeindoors bent over a card table or a roulette wheel.
Charles: Maybe there should be some programs to help peopleovercome their gambling addictions something similar to AlcoholicsAnonymous.
Joan: There’s indeed an online program that can help. But nobodycan force gamblers to join it. They must first want to be curedthemselves.

For Reference
1. She thinks many (of the) big spenders on lottery are poor,spending money they can’t afford to spend.
2. He just buys lottery tickets foe fun. He thinks if he won a hugeamount, it would be exciting.
3. They buy lottery tickets out of desperation. And the thrill of awin, of something for nothing, is addictive.
4. Casinos are opening everywhere, many people go on gamblingholidays, and one can even take a gambling cruise.
5. It will be helpful to habitual gamblers only when they want tobe cured themselves.

News Report
Humanity is indivisible.
Script
Kofi Annan, Secretary-General of the United Nations:
Peace must be sought above all because it is a condition for everymember of the human family to live a life of dignity andsecurity.
We have entered the third millennium through a gate of fire. Iftoday, after the horror of 11 September, we see better and we seefarther, we will realize that humanity is indivisible.
New threats make no distinction between races, nations, or regions.A new insecurity has entered every mind, regardless of wealth orstatus. A deeper awareness of the bonds that bind us all, in painand in prosperity, has gripped young and old…because beneath thesurface of state and nations, ideas and language, lies the fate ofindividual human beings in needed. Answering their needs will bethe mission of the United Nations in the century to come. Thank youvery much.

Uint7
II. Basic Listening Practice
1. Script
M: Now we have satellite and high-powered microscope, it’s easy tothink we know everything about the world; but we still don’tunderstand EI Nino.
W: Right. Scientists all over the world over are even uncertainabout the cause of the warm Pacific current that brings storms ordrought—the mysterious EI Nino.
Q: Which of the following is true according to theconversation?
2. Script
M: Everyone is talking about environmental problem: acid rain, thegreenhouse effect, holes in the ozone layer. We should thinkpositively. What can we do to improve things?
W: I agree. We could do a lot more to harness the sun’s energy forheating and lighting in our homes. In Japan 43,000 solar roofs wereinstalled in 2002.
Q: How do the man and the woman view the environment?
3. Script
W: We lived in Beijing some years ago. It was always difficult tokeep the house clean with wind from the north blowing sand from thedesert at us.
M: That’s why the Chinese government has been encouraging people toplant trees along the edges of the Gobi Desert. Now those trees actas wind barriers.
Q: What did the government encourage people to do?
4. Script
M: Many old refrigerators and cars are environmental hazardsbecause they contain CFCs that destroy the ozone layer.
W: Yes, but government or organizations are helping people tosafely dispose of old refrigerators or, in the case of cars, toupgrade their air conditioning.
Q: What are government departments helping people to do?
5. Script
M: Hey, that’s an aerosol spray you’re using on your hair! Build abomb or set fire to the apartment to kill us quickly instead ofmaking holes in the ozone, so we die of cancer.
W: Cool it, man. This spray doesn’t contain CFC s. And you’d betterread a little more. In 2003 the hole in the ozone layer shrank by20 percent, so there’s no reason to panic.
Q: What does the man mean?

Keys: 1.B 2.D 3. A 4.A 5.C

III. Listening In
Task 1: We should have proper respect for nature!
Script
Martha: Do you think most people in your culture respectnature?
Ed: I think so. Umm…more now than before.
Martha: What do you think is the most serious environment problemin the world today?
Ed: Today…I think damage to the ozone layer is a big problem; andanother problem is pollution in big cities and things likethat.

Martha: How do you learn about environmental problems?
Ed: Umm…through school. A lot of clubs promote environmentalsafely, and some TV programs, too. They talk about environmentalsafely and stuff like that.
Martha: Do you think students should learn more about theenvironment at school?
Ed: I think so. So, as they grow older, they can be more aware ofall the problems that are going on. And also to prevent moreproblems from occurring.
Martha: If you could create a new law to help the environment, whatwould it be?
Ed: A new law for the environment? Umm…I’d probably say that whenpeople throw away their cigarette butts, they have to throw theminto the garbage bin, not just throw them everywhere because it’sjust littering and I hate that. So they should be fined if theythrow them on the floor on the ground.
Martha: That’s a good idea. What do you personally do to helpprotect the environment?
Ed: I’ m so against littering. I never litter. If I see somebodylitter, I get really angry. So I always throw my trash into thegarbage bin.

While being interviewed by Martha, Ed said more people in hisculture respect nature ever before. When asked about the mostserious environmental problem in the world today, he mentioned thedamaged ozone layer and the pollution in big cities.
Ed learned about environmental problem at school. A lot of clubsand some TV programs promote environmental safely. He believes thatstudents should learn more about the environment at school. Thenthey can be more aware of all the problems and prevent moreproblems from occurring.
When asked about a new law he would like to create to help theenvironment, he said that when people throw away their cigarettebutts, they have to throw them in the garbage bin. They should befined if they throw them on the floor.
Personally, Ed is so set against littering that he never litters.He always throws his trash into the garbage bin.

Task 2: A Work Qualification Test
Script
According to a report by Australian researchers, the hole in theozone layer over Antarctica will probably start closing within fiveyears. They say it may be completely closed within fifty years. Theozone layer protects the Earth from dangerous radiation from thesun. The hole in the ozone layer was discovered over Antarcticaalmost thirty years ago. At the time, it was three times the sizeof Australia.
The report found that ozone-destroying gases in the upperatmosphere were at or near their highest levels in the year2000.But since then, there has bee continuous progress made toward therecovery of the ozone layer.
Satellite information showed that levels of ozone-destroying gasesin the atmosphere are slowly decreasing. At its largest this year,the ozone hole covered more than 15 million square kilometers. Thatis down from a yearly average of 23 million square kilometers overthe last six years.
Chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs, are responsible for destroying partof the ozone layer over Antarctica. CFCs have been widely usedsince the1930s in cooling devices such as refrigerators and airconditioners. CFCs remain in the atmosphere for years.
Government scientist say the level of chlorine in the atmosphere isdecreasing because of restrictions on the use ofchlorofluorocarbons. The chemicals were restricted under aninternational agreement called the Montreal Protocol in 1987. Underthe Protocol, developing countries promoted to cut their use ofchlorofluorocarbons in half by the year 2005. They also agreed toan eighty-five percent cut by the year 2oo7.

Keys: FTTFT

For Reference
1. It was three times the size of Australia.
2. They promised to cut their use of CFCs in the half by 2005 andagreed to an 85 percent cut by 2007.

Task3: A Mild EI Nino
Script
The EI Nino weather condition has returned. However, official atthe United States National Weather Service say EI Nino is weakerthan usual this year. EI Nino is a change in the atmosphere overthe Pacific Ocean. It happens every four or five years.
Normally, water temperatures in the western Pacific Ocean increasenear the end of the year. This cause more rainfall in Indonesia,Australia and other nearby place. At the same time, cold oceanwater cause less rainfall in the eastern Pacific Ocean, near SouthAmerica. The opposite happens during EI Nino. Pacific Oceantemperatures increase near South America, causing unusually highamounts of rainfall there. In contrast, EI Nino causes dry weatherin Indonesia and Australia.
A strong EI Nino can severely affect the weather all over theworld. The last powerful EI Nino was in 1997 and 1998. It causedmajor floods in many places. EI Nino also led to extremely dryweather in some other areas. Reports say the weather caused thedeaths of about 24,000 people.
So experts say having a weaker EI Nino this year is good news.Meteorologists say rainfall has been higher than usual in SouthAmerica. The experts say the effects of EI Nino will begin to showin November in the United States. The northern states may have awarmer winter. But, scientists say EI Nino will not be strongenough to prevent this year’s powerful storms in the AtlanticOcean.

1. According to the passage, how often does EI Ninohappen?
2. What normally happens in the western Pacific Ocean?
3. What did the EI Nino in 1997 and 1998 cause?
4. What is NOT mentioned as a result of this year’s EI Nino?
5. What is the central idea of the passage?

Kes: 1C 2.A3. D 4.B 5.C

For Reference
Pacific Ocean temperatures increase near South America, causingunusually high level of rainfall there. Dry weather results inAustralia.

IV. Speaking Out
MODEL 1 Our globe is in danger
John: How is your Grandma getting along during this usually hotweather?
Nora: Over the last few years, Granny has been complaining that thehot, humid weather is killing her. She believes the weather haschanged.
John: What she means is the climate’s long-term conditions; weatherrefers only to day-to-day conditions.
Nora: Yeah, she says summer is hotter, and winter wetter. But Itried to comfort her, saying, “It’s all in your mind,Granny.”
John: She’s right, you know. The greenhouse effect does bringglobal warming and rain.
Nora: How can I explain global warming and greenhouse gases to a97-year-old Granny?
John: Tell her the earth now is like a real greenhouse made ofglass panels that let in light and trap heat.
Nora: Think she’ll want to know that carbon monoxide from earthmakes greenhouse gases?
John: Everybody should know what cause global warming; otherwise wewon’t stop it.
Nora: I’ll tell Granny not to burn any more wood or coal, or to usespray on the hair.
John: OK, joke about it, but it won’t be so funny when the polaricecaps melt and oceans rise.

Now Your Turn
SAMPLE DIALOG
A: How are you getting along during this usually hot weather?
B: Not well at all. Over the last few weeks the hot, humid weatheris killing me. I believe the climate has changed.
A: Yeah, the summer is hotter, and winter wetter.
B: Do you know why all this has happened?
A: The greenhouse effects bring global warming and rain.
B: What do you mean by greenhouse effects?
A: The earth is now like a real greenhouse made of glass panelsthat let light in and trap heat. You know, carbon monoxide fromearth is a greenhouse gas.
B: I see. Everybody should know what cause global warming;otherwise we won’t stop it.
A: The important thing is that human beings should take steps toreduce global warming.
B: What can we do then? Perhaps we should not burn any more wood orcoal.
A: Right. Also we should try to produce less CFCs or Freon.
B: How can we achieve that?
A: Don’t use aerosol spray on your hair, and depend less onair-conditioners and refrigerators..
B: But it’s hard to give up all this.
A: But we must take action before polar icecaps melt and oceansrise.

MODEL2 Rainforests will soon be only a memory.
Script
Susan: Hey, Chris, there is an environmental group on campus askingfor donations to save the rainforests.
Chris: So what?
Susan: So what?! Don’t you want to save the rainforests?
Chris: But there’re no rainforests in our country. They need hot,tropical climates.
Susan: Come on. A rain forest is any forest where heavy rainfallleads to dense vegetation. Tropical rainforests can be found inhoe, tropical areas, but there are also cool rainforests, includingone in southeast Alaska.
Chris: How did you know that?
Susan: Well, I’ve just read a book on rainforests. You know,140nillion people live in the world’s rainforests, and 35 percentof the world’s plant and animal species exist only inrainforests.
Chris: Wow, I’m impressed. So what else have you learned?
Susan: Most of the world’s rainforests are in danger of destructionby loggers, farmers and developers. They are disappearing at a rateof 1000 acres a minute!
Chris: It’s terrible!
Susan: Yeah, we’ve got to find a way to save them. Now would youlike to give a donation?
Chris: Sure.

Now Your Turn
SAMPLE DIALOG
A: Most of the world’s rainforests are in danger of destruction byloggers, farmers and developers. They are disappearing at a rate of100 acres a minute!
B: What a tragedy! , Many of the world’s plant and animal speciesexist only in rainforests.
A: We really need to save the beautiful forests.
B: Yeah, we’ve got to find a way to save them.
A: Do you know our mayor is making a call to plant trees?
B: Yeah, we do have to plant more trees. I hear China doesn’t havea lot of forests compared with many countries.
A: That’s true. I’ve just read an article about afforestation.China’s forest coverage rate was 18.21percent last yea, rankingonly 130th in the world.
B: No wonder we have to plat more trees.
A: Don’t lose heart. Progress has been remarkable. In 2000 the ratewas just 16.55 percent.
B: Any other good news?
A: China has stepped up its tree-planting efforts. Now it’s theworld’s No.1 planter of trees.
B: Wow, I’m impressed.

MODEL3 What a terrible sandstorm!
Script
Susan: Hey, John. You’re back. A few days ago, a big sandstorm hitour city
John: Oh, that’s bad.
Susan: The air was full of dirt and sand and dust. I had to wear ascarf around my head.
John: The dust, as I know, comes from Mongolia. And from my readingin science, I’ve heard the dust often comes after a long period ofdrought.
Susan: This is a serious problem in many parts of the world, andunfortunately our city is one of them.
John: And if the drought continues, the soil is easily airborne.And then if the wind comes, the soil can be lifted up on the coldare that rises up, and it can travel very long distances.
Susan: Normally, when there’s a wind, it can clear the air, and youhave beautiful weather. But when the dust is brought in with thewind, then you can’t breathe, you can’t see well, and it’sdangerous for driving, or for walking.
John: Yeah. You know, when the dust is lifted up it can go as high3,000 meters. And it’s not just China that has problems, but manyother countries. For example, the middle of Australia sometimes hasdust storms, and some of the dust goes up very high, goes acrossthe ocean, and falls down on New Zealand.
Susan: Not a very nice neighbor.
John: Is there a solution to the problem?
Susan: We need to plant more trees and grass so that the soil canstay where it is.
John: No wonder the government is launching a new afforestationprogram in a bid t address the environmental problem.

Now Your Turn
SAMPLE DIALOG
A: I’m so glad to be back home, again. Oh, what a clear bluesky!
B: Yes, the wind has cleared the air. I hope you still remember thesituation a couple of years age; that is, when you were here. Eachspring a big sandstorm struck our city.
A: Oh, that was bad. That air was filled with sand and dust. I hadto wear a scarf around my head.
B: I had to cover my mouth and nose with a handkerchief. And facialmakes sold well. The dust came from the north, and it often roseafter a long dry spell.
A: If the drought continued, the soil was easily airborne. And whenthe wind came, the soil was swept up on the cold air, and it couldtravel very long distances.
B: When the dust was brought in with the wind, we could hardlybreathe, we couldn’t see well, and it was dangerous fordriving.
A: How did your town solve the problem?
B: Not only our town. In fact, people in the whole province planteda lot of trees and grass so that the soil would stay where itis.
A: I see. The government launched an afforestation project to dealwith the sandstorm. The green shelter belt is playing a role.

V. Let’s Talk
Script
Li: Hi Professor Wang, I’m Li Lin, a correspondent from theUniversity Newspaper. The staff and students here are getting moreand more interested in the relationship between the environment anddevelopment. What do you think is the most serious environmentalproblem at present? What measures should we adopt to improve theenvironment and develop the economy at the same time?
Wang: There are many environmental problems: air pollution, waterpollution, desertification, over-fishing, destruction of naturalhabitats, acid train, over-consumption of wild animals and plants,etc. But lying at the center of all those problems, as I see it, isthe contradiction between economic growth and theenvironment.
Since the United Nations Earth Summit in 1992, more and more peopleand governments have adopted a new idea; that is, “sustainabledevelopment”. This means today’s economic growth should not wipeout he resources and options for future generations. Planning anddevelopment should ensure not only economic growth, but also socialadvancement and environment health. In other words, some economicbehavior must be restricted or controlled. Instilling principles ofdevelopment into government planning, resource management andeconomic policy is the most important step China could take tosolve its environmental problems.
China has already taken some remarkable steps to reduce damage tothe environment. For instance, following the huge floods of 1998,the government banned logging in the upper reaches of the YangtzeRiver in order to protect forests and reduce the risk offloods.
Still, the basic contradiction between environment and developmentpersists. Much work is to be done before we can achieve the aim ofa balance between economic growth and the environment.

Environment Problems air pollution, water pollution,desertification, over-fishing, destruction of natural habitats,acid train, over-consumption of wild animals and plants, etc.

Central problems the contradiction between economic growth andthe environment.

A New Idea sustainable development; it means:
(1) Today’s economic growth should not wipe out he resources andoptions for future generations.
(2) Planning and development should ensure not only economicgrowth, but also social advancement and environment health.
(3) some economic behavior must be restricted or controlled

What China Could Do Instill principles of sustainabledevelopment into government planning, resource management andeconomic policy

What China Has Done China has already taken some remarkablesteps to reduce damage to the environment.
e.g. Following the huge floods of 1998, the government bannedlogging in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River
The Aim A balance between economic growth and the environment.

Debate
SAMPLE
A: In my opinion, we must give priority to economic growth. Atpresent China’s economy is not strong enough, and the per-capitaGDP is much smaller than those of advanced countries.
B: I beg to differ. Compared with 30 years ago, the Chinese economyhas developed a great deal, and at the same time it has produced alot of pollution. It is high time we gave environmentalconservation serous consideration.
A: It seems to me that it’s more urgent for us to improve people’slife. If we don’t boost our economy, we can’t raise the livingstandards..
B: I’d like to draw your attention to the fact that environmentalproblems are already affecting people’s lives. Didn’t you hear thatthe poisonous substances factories dump into rivers are killingfish and causing cancer among people?
A: Well, you have a point there, but we should be aware that aneconomically backward nation is also militarily weak, and thereforeit tends to be bullied by stronger countries.
B: If China wants to follow the trend toward economicglobalization, it has to meet the international environmentalcriteria. Even if you can make a lot of products, they can’t beexported if they are environmentally unfriendly.
A: OK, people we’d better combine out point of view and strike abalance between economic growth and environmentalconservation.
B: That certainly makes sense. What we need is sustainabledevelopment.
A: To achieve this goal, we have to burn less coal, petroleum andwood because they can’t e reproduced easily.
B: Right on, we can rely more on solar energy. We can also makemore use of water power if the dams we build don’t present greatenvironmental hazards.
A: Also, we should not build so many roads because they occupy somuch farmland.
B: Yeah, we should turn more to water transportation. Bytransporting more cargo along rivers and the coast, we can ease theburden on highway transportation.

VI. Further Listening and Speaking
Task1: Thick Cloud of Pollution Covering Southern Asia
Script
A United Nations study says that a thick cloud of pollutioncovering southern Asia threatens the lives of millions of people.Scientists say the pollution could increase lung disease and causeearly deaths. The cloud is also damaging agriculture and affectingrainfall levels. It has affected many countries in southern Asia.The pollution cloud is three kilometers high. Scientists say it canmove halfway around the world in a week.
The cloud is the result of forest fires, the burning ofagricultural waste, and huge increases in the burning of fuels byvehicles, industries and power stations.
Pollution from millions of bad cooking stoves hs made the problemworse. Many poor people burn of fuels wood and animal waste in suchstoves.
Scientists say this combination could be changing winter rainfalllevels in Asia. They say rainfall has increased over the easterncoast of Asia. But it has dropped sharply over parts ofnorthwestern Asia. The report says the cloud could reduce rainfallover northwestern Pakistan, Afghanistan, and western China by up toforty percent.
Harmful chemicals from the cloud are mixing with rainfall. Thisacid rain damages crops and trees and threatens public health.Scientists are concerned that the pollution will intensify duringthe next thirty years as the population of Asia increase to anEstimated 5,000 million people.

1. What is the true of the cloud of pollution?
2. What is NOT the cause of the cloud of pollution?
3. What does the cloud of pollution bring about?
4. Why will the pollution intensify in the next 30 years, accordingto the passage?
5. What do you think is the best title for the passage?

Keys: 1.D 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.C

Task 2: Mountain regions face a number of dangers.
Script
Mountain people around the world are in great danger of thenegative effects of the worsening environment, according to a UNreport.
As global warming and deforestation accelerate and technology makeswilder places more accessible, environmental and social pressureson the world’s remotest regions increases.
The UN has found that many mountainous regions—inhabited by one outof five of the world’s people—are barely recognizable when they arecompared to what they ere like 60 years ago. This is mostly becauseforests were cut to make way for cattle grazing andagriculture.
The authors of the UN study expect 98 percent of its mountain areasto experience severe climate change by 2055. Biological losses areexpected to be heavy. The mountains of Europe, part of Californiaand the northwest Andes in South America are among the mostthreatened mountain areas in the world and should be given priorityin conservation.
The UN is anxious to raise awareness of the problem facing mountainareas because they are inhabited by some of the most vulnerablepeople. These people could lose their culture and their livelihoodwith even the smallest shifts in climate.
At the same time, many mountain regions are losing people.Thousands of villages in Europe are deserted most of the year. Inother areas like Nepal, people are drifting to the cities in searchof work.

Task3: Digging a Hole
Script
A fellow stopped at a rural gas station and, after filling histank, he bought a soft drink. He stood by his car to drink his colaad watched two men working along the roadside.
One worker would dig a hole two or three feet deep and then moveon. The other worker came along behind and filled in the hole.While one was digging a new hole, the other was about 25 feetbehind filling in the old hole.
“Hold it, hold it,” the fellow said to the men. “Can you tell mewhat’s going on here with this digging?”
“Well, we work for the country government,” one of the mensaid.
“But one of you is digging a hole and the other is filling it up.You’re not accomplishing anything. Aren’t you wasting the country’smoney?”
“You don’t understand, mister,” one of the men said, learning onhis shovel and wiping his brow. “Normally, there’s three of us, me,Joe, and Mike. I dig the hole, Joe sticks in the tree and Mike hereputs the dirt back.”
“Yeah,” piped up Mike. “Now Joe is sick but that doesn’t mean wecan’t work, does it?”

For Reference
1. One worker would dig a hole two or three feet deep and then moveon. The other worker came along behind and filled in thehole.
2. He asked them, “Can you tell me what’s going on here with thisdigging?”/He asked them what was going on there with thatdigging.
3. Because one of them was digging a hole and the other was fillingit up. They were not accomplishing anything.
4. Normally there were three of them, the worker who answered him,Joe and Mike. The first man dug the hole, Joe stuck in the tree,and Mike put the dirt back.

News Report
Santa’s Hometown in Danger
Script
Weather experts may have found a new problem caused by globalwarming, one which many people will pay attention to: There aresigns that Santa’s home in the North may be in trouble because ofwarmer temperatures.
The Finnish town of Rovaniemi on the Arctic Circle, which manyEuropeans say is the home of Santa Claus, has had its warmestwinter in 40 years. As a result, there has been much less snow thanusual—meaning no snowmen, no snowballs and possible not enough snowfor Santa to ride his sleigh on.
More important for local residents, it may mean fewer tourists, aswell. Santa’s wintry hometown normally attracts thousands ofvisitors each year, and millions of dollars.
Anne Pelttari-Bergman, the town’s tourist director, worries thatthe town could be in trouble if snow levels do not return tonormal. She explains: “Snow is really important for us, of course.For Santa Claus, for Christmas tourism, and also for our wintertourism because winter is our best season. It is really importantfor us.”
Weather experts and town residents are hoping this warm winter is aone-time thing. Few people can imagine a holiday when even Santadoes not have a white Christmas.

Unit 8
Flying there is not half the fun
II?Basic Listening Practice
1 Script
M：would you prefer a window or an aisle seat，madam?
W：Aisle，please．If there's none 1eft，then a wind。w seat is OK．But Idon't like middle seats。
Q: what is the order of the woman’s preference?
C: aisle-wingdow-minddle
2 Script
M：I’d like to fly economy to Thailand on October 8th．1 want to booktwo tickets．
W：we have only one seat left in economy，but we will give you twobusiness class seats for the same price as one economy and，onebusiness class seat．
Q：What can the man get?
B: Two business class tickets at a reduced price
3 Script
M：Excuse me，where do I check in for British Airways to London? Ican’t find the
right check-in counter．
W：You should go to Counter 26 on the left-hand side．sir．It's justnext to Thai Air．You’d better hurry, though. There’s a longqueue
Q：What does the woman say? ”
C)The British Airways counter is counter26.
4．Script
W：Airport security checks always make me nervous．I’m afraid I’11set off the alarm
because of the jewelry I’m wearing． ’
M：I know. I’ll set off the security alarm. I have a steel plate inmy arm from a rugby
Injury.
Q：Why will the man set of the alarm?
D)Because he has a metal plate in his body
5．Script
M：Welcome home! Here，let me take your suitcase．The car is out inthe parking lot．
your plane was two hours late：you must be exhausted．
W：Yes，we have to check in three hours before take-off time；secufityguards take
ages searching carry_0n stuff, but they ignore check-inbaggage．Strange system．
Q：What is the woman NOT complaining about?
A)Security guards search her check-in suitcase
III．Listening In
Task 1: the smaller the airport, the bigger the checkup
Paul：The airport security checks sometimes seem very strange tome．
Sylvia：What do you mean?
Paul：I just completed an international flight．And with all thethreats to security of travel today I expected to have my luggagesearched．
Sylvia：that’s understandable．I mean, with all the fear that’s outthere about terrorism, of course they’re going to check yourbaggage—especially your carry—ons．
Paul：I don’t mind them checking my baggage．In fact，I expect it．Butthere seems to be an inverse ratio at work．
Sylvia：What on earth do you mean? They check everyone’sbaggage，don’t they?
Paul：Yes，but here’s what’s funny：The smaller the airport，thegreater the security．The less likely a plane is to be hijacked，themore precautions they take．
Sylvia：Are you serious? Why should a small airport be more aware ofsecurity than a large one?
Paul：Here’s what I’ve experienced：Once at a small airport，theyseized a roll of adhesive tape and argued that it could be used inhijacking．Then they asked me to remove my digital camera from itscase and demonstrate that it could take pictures．
Sylvia：And is this different from a large airport?
Paul：According to my experience，it is．When I flew from Vancouver toParis，they simply ran my bags through the scanner, and 1 was on myway
Sylvia：If that’s the case，the baggage checking system is reallystrange．

Paul finds the airport security checks sometimes very strange．In aninternational flight he did expect to have his luggagesearched．Sylvia agrees, knowing that with a11the fear that’s outthere about terrorism，they will check passengers’baggage—especially their carry-ons．In fact, Paul does not mind themchecking his baggage but there seems to be an inverse ratio—atwork：The smaller the airport, the greater the security. The lesslikely a plane is to be hijacked, the more precautions theytake．Paul further says that once at a small airport, they seized aroll of adhesive tape to prevent hijacking．They also asked him toremove his digital camera from its case and demonstrate that itcould take pictures．On the other hand，a large airport isdifferent．When Paul—flew from Vancouver to Paris，they simply ranhis bags through the scanner, and he was on his way. Finally,Sylvia admits that the baggage checking system is strange

Task 2: jet lag
Jet 1ag is the feeling of tiredness that comes after crossing timezones in an airplane．People get jet lag often，especially if theytravel far．For example，a flight from New York to Beijing is a tongtrip．Passengers will cross many time zones and may have a bad caseof jet lag．However, there are some things that can help reduce jetlag．First．drink a lot of liquids．Water is the best liquid todrink．Also，eat low—fat foods during the flight．Noodles are always agood choice．Next，try to do some exercise on the plane．Walk aroundor stretch your muscles．Also，try to adjust your schedule tocorrespond with the local time as soon as you can．For instance, ifyou usually go to sleep at 10 p.m., then when the local time is 10p．m．，go to bed．Finally，when you arrive at your destination．get someexercise．Ask the front desk clerk where the hotel’s gym is．Rememberthat if you adjust your schedule to correspond with the localtime，your jet lag will not be too bad. In general, your body takesonly a few days to reset its biological clock，and you’ll soonovercome jet lag．
1．T 2.F 3.F 4.F 5.T
Task 3: $10 is $10
One day，an old man named Stumpy and his wife Martha went to theIllinois State Aviation Fair A man was selling plane tides for$10per person．Stumpy was fascinated and said to，Martha，“I think wereally should try that．”Martha replied，“I know you wantto，Stumpy，but we have a lot of bills．You know the money istight，and$10 is$10.” So Stumpy went without．Over the next few yearsthey returned every year to the fair, and the same thinghappened：Stumpy wanted a ride，but Martha said they couldn’t affordit．Finally，when Stumpy and Martha were both about 70 yearsold，Stumpy fixed his eyes on Martha and said，“Martha，I’m 70 now，andI don’t know if I’11 ever get the chance again，SO I just have tohave a ride in that airplane．’’Martha replied in the same oldfashion，and Stumpy became depressed．The pilot standing nearbyoverheard the conversation and he cut in，“Excuse me folks，I have adeal for you．I’11 take both of you up together，and if you can bothmake the entire trip without uttering a word．I’11 give you the ridefor free．But if either of you makes a sound，it’s $1 0 each．”Marthaand Stumpy looked at each other and agreed．The pilot took themup，and started to climb，spin，dive，climb and spin again．There was nosound．After the pilot landed the plane，he praised the old man，“1want to congratulate you for not making a sound．You are a braveman．“Maybe SO，”said Stumpy，“but I got to tell you，I almost screamedwhen my wife fell out，but$10 is$10
1. A)what did the old man want?
B)He wanted to have a ride in the plane．
2．What reason did the old woman give for not riding in theplane?
A)They had to pay a lot of bills．
3．What happened when the old man and woman were about 70 yearsold?
C)The man wanted to fly but the woman did not want him to．
4．What deal did the pilot offer?
C)The couple could have a flee ride if neither of them made a soundduring the trip．
5．What happened to the old woman finally?
D) She fell out of the plane
IV. Speaking Out
MODEL 1 I'd like to book hotel and airline reservations.
Travel agent: Horizon Travel, how may I help you?
Helen: This is Helen Parker. I'd like to book hotel and airlinereservations.
Travel agent: And what's your destination. Ms. Parker?
Helen: I'm headed for Las Vegas to attend an electronics tradeshow.
Travel agent: OK. Can you spell your name, please?
Helen: My last name is Parker, P-A-R-K-E-R, and my first name isHelen.
Travel agent: Will you be traveling alone?
Helen: Yes, I'll be traveling by myself.
Travel agent: Will that be a one-way or a round-trip ticket?
Helen: Return. I plan on leaving July 21st and coming back on the30th.
Travel agent: Will you be flying first class or businessclass?
Helen: No, no, not a chance. Economy class, the cheapest. Ifthere's a three-star hotel located downtown, that would be great.If it has a pool, that's better still.
Travel agent: OK, let me check the computer. I can book your flightimmediately. I'll have to inquire about the hotel reservation andcall you back.
Helen: No problem. I'm at 658-0266, extension 513. I'll beexpecting your call.
Travel agent: OK, Ms. Parker. Thank you for your call. I'll getback to you soon. Bye bye.
Helen: Bye

Now Your Turn
SAMPLE DIALOG
A: Globe Travel Agency, can I help you?
B: This is Linda Carter. I'd like to book hotel and airlinereservations.
A: Where are you going, Ms. Carter?
B: I'm headed for Toronto to attend an industrial exhibition.
A: Could you spell your name, please?
B: My surname is Carter, C-A-R-T-E-R, and my given name isLinda.
A: Will you be traveling by yourself?
B: No, Ill be traveling with my boss, James Adams. So I need twotickets and two rooms.
A: Would you like to have one-way or round-trip tickets?
B: Return tickets. But since we re not sure when we can come back,I prefer open tickets for the return journey.

A: Will you fly economy class or business class?
B: Business class, please. My boss always flies business class. Ifthere's a five-star hotel located downtown, that would begreat.
A: Well, let me check the computer. I can book your tickets rightnow. I'll have to check the hotel reservation and call youback.
B: No problem. I'm at 58855200. I'll be expecting your call.
A: OK. Thank you.

MODEL 2 Last week I flew non-stop to Sa~Francisco.
Script
Nora: Hey John.
John:hey Nora: I took a course on how the airport runs, and I don'tsuffer from fear of flying any more. Last week I flew nonstop toSan Francisco.
John: Congratulations! Which flight did you take?
Nora: United Airlines, Flight UA858.
John: How did it go? Everything smooth sailing?
Nora: Not everything. Since I hadn't traveled by air for a longtime, I wasn't familiar with the airport. It took me quite a whileto find the United Airlines check-in counter.
John: Then how did you find it?
Nora: In fact, it was displayed on the monitor: "Flight UA858c~/Counter 45."
John: And was everything OK once you found it?
Nora: No, there was a terrible line-up. I had to wait there for anhour.
John: I see. You must have been burned out waiting before you evenboarded the plane.
Nora: That still wasn't the end of my troubles. When I finally gotto the counter and handed in my passport and ticket, the airlineagent looked at my passport and at me again and again.
John: Why? Did she think your passport was a fake?
Nora: I don't know. I just told her my photo did not flatter me atall.
John: Your photo certainly doesn't do justice to your beauty.
Nora: She didn't say anything like that. Fortunately, when I askedfor an aisle seat, she said she had one. You know, I wouldn't daretake a window seat and look out the window.
John: I prefer an aisle seat, too. Then I can stretch my legs andoccasionally stand up in the aisle.
Nora: Finally she gave me a boarding pass, and it said that myflight would be boarding at Gate 33 in just minutes. So I had torun!
John: That's bad luck. But you made it! Good for you.

Now Your Turn
SAMPLE DIALOG
A: Hey, good to see you back. How was your trip? Everything smoothsailing?
B: Not bad, though I had a little trouble before boarding.
A: What was wrong?
B: I was caught in a traffic jam and almost missed the flight. ButI managed to get to the airport in time
A: Congratulations! Which flight did you take?
B: British Airways, Flight BA 554.
A: Was it easy for you to find the right counter?
B: Yes, the information was displayed on the monitor.
A: Since there was not much time left for you, I hope there wasn'ta terrible line-up at the counter.
B: Luckily, no. The queue was quite short. But I had anotherproblem.
A: What was that?
B: When I handed in my passport, the airline agent looked at it fora long time.
A: Why? Did the agent think your passport was a fake?
B: No, she didn't, but she told me that my passport was going toexpire in a week. So you see, I had to fly back quickly.
A: I hope that was the end of your troubles.
B: Not completely. I still had trouble with my baggage.
A: What was the problem?
B: It was overweight. It took me a while to go through theprocedure.
A: Any good news before you boarded the plane?
B: Yes, when I asked for a window seat, I got one. You know, Iwouldn't like to take an aisle or middle seat where I couldn'tenjoy the view.
A: I prefer an aisle seat, though. So that I can stretch my legsand occasionally stand up.
B: Finally the agent gave me the boarding pass, and it said that myflight would be boarding at Gate 24 in just minutes. So I had torun!
A: But you made it! Good for you

MODEL 3 I've got jet lag.
Script
Susan: Wow! What happened? You look like something the cat draggedin.
John: You would too if you’d been through what I have. I've got jetlag.
Susan: Jet lag's not for real, is it? It's like a "broken heart"-afigure of speech
John: It’s for real. See my eyes? They’re all bloodshot. I can’teat; I can’t sleep.
Susan: How long does this jet lag last after you’re home again andwalking round?
John: I don’t know exactly. It can be a day for each hour’sdifference in time.
Susan: Ouch! At that rate it’ll take you twelve days to recoverfrom the flight.
John: Maybe a drink on the plane can ease your jet lag.
Susan: That's not a very good idea. Alcohol dries you out when it'scombined with altitude and stale dry air in the cabin.
John: I wonder whether a long flight like that is worth the highcost.
Susan: Take my advice. Go by boat. Arrive rested and ready to enjoyyour holiday.
John: No, it'll take too long-longer than the time for me to resetmy biological clock after a flight.

Now Your Turn
SAMPLE DIALOG
A: Wow! What's wrong with you? You look dead tired ~
B: You would too if you'd been through what I have. I've got jetlag. See my eyes: they're bloodshot. I can't eat; I can'tsleep.
A: How long will this jet lag last?
B: I don't know exactly. It can be a day for each hour's differencein time.
A: Ouch! At that rate it'll take you twelve days to recover. Maybea drink on the plane can save you from jet lag.
B: That's not a good solution, I'm afraid. Alcohol dries you outwhen it's combined with altitude and stale dry air in the cabin.But if you drink a lot of water, it helps.
A: let's check on the Internet to see how we can overcome jet lagquickly.
B: Look, here's an article. So you need to get some exercise. Youcan go to the gym to work out.
A: You should try to match your schedule with the local time. Whenit's time to go to bed but you don't feel sleepy, you might as welltake sleeping pills.
B: When you feel sleepy in broad daylight, you can drink strongcoffee to stay awake.
A: In this way you can reset your biological clock quickly.

V. Let' Talk
Script
Before I conclude my talk, I'd like to summarize what we havecovered.
Air travel has its inherent advantages. Airplanes fly fast, andthey are now flying faster than before. Now supersonic passengerplanes can fly across the Atlantic Ocean in just a couple of hours.It is reported that new models are being designed. In the futurethey may carry people from New York to London in less than anhour.
In the past not many people traveled by air because of the highfares. Now owing to the market competition, the fare has dropped agreat deal, so more people are traveling by air. In the 1990s, theUnited States witnessed an explosive growth in demand for airtravel. Many millions who had never, or rarely flown before, becameregular passengers. They even joined frequent flyer loyaltyprograms, receiving free flights and other such benefits.
Flying has become increasing convenient. The introduction of newservices and more frequent flights has meant that business flyerscan fly to another city, do business, and return on the same day.This applies to almost any two points in the country.
Some passengers worry about safety in flying. In a crash there areusually no survivors. However, to prevent tragic accidents andserious financial loss, airlines are especially cautious inchecking the conditions of aircraft to reduce the possibility ofaccidents to the minimum. It is sometimes claimed that flyinginvolves fewer accidents than any other modes of travel.
Airplanes do have their disadvantages. For example, they areincapable of transporting large quantities of cargo.
Also, an airport can be quite far away from the city center. Butthe advantages of flying outweigh these small drawbacks, and flyingremains an efficient kind of transportation.
That's the end of my lecture. Now may I take your questions if youhave any?

Pros and Cons of Flying
Pro 1 An airplane flies fast
(1) Supersonic passenger planes can fly across the Atlantic Oceanin just a couple of hours;
(2) In future they may carry people from Now York to London in lessthan an hour.
Pro 2 The fare has dropped a great deal, so more people aretraveling by air: Many millions became regular passengers, and evenjoined frequent flyer loyalty programs.
Pro 3 Flying has become increasingly convenient: Business flierscan fly to another city, do business, and return on the sameday.
Pro 4 Airlines are cautious about checking the conditions ofaircraft to reduce the possibility of
accidents to the minimum
Con 1 The plane is incapable of transporting large quantities ofcargo.
Con 2 An airport can be quite far away from the city center.

Dissussion
SAMPLE
A: I like flying better than any other way of traveling. It's sofast and convenient that you can fly to another city, do business,and return on the same day, between almost any points in thecountry.
B: But land transport is not slow, thanks to superhighways. What'smore, it's often cheaper.
A: I'll admit air fare is a bit high, but it's dropped a lot. Thehigh speed and great convenience are worth the money.
B: Land transport is often safer. In case of accidents like a fire,you can jump out of the car. Can you jump our of a plane?

A: It's true that in a crash there are often no survivors. However,airlines are especially cautious in checking the conditions ofaircraft. It's sometimes believed that flying involves feweraccidents than other kinds of travel.
B: The problem with a plane is that it can't transport largequantities of cargo.
A: I agree, but certainly a plane can carry perishable goods likefresh vegetables to a distant city quickly and safely.
B: But an airport is often quite far away from the city center. Sothat will add to your traveling time. You can’t fly directly toyour final destination.
A: You have a point there. I know trucks can provide door-to-doordelivery service, but buses and trains can't.
B: OK, let's come to this conclusion: each type of transport hasits own advantages and disadvantages.
A: Yes, that's why none of them has been phased out.

VI. Further Listening and Speaking
Task1:An Overview of Airlines
Script
An airline is an organization which provides aviation services forpassengers and cargo. It owns or leases airliners to supply theseservices and may form partnerships or alliances with other airlinesfor reasons of mutual benefits.
The scale and scope of airline companies range from those with asingle airplane carrying mail or cargo, to full-serviceinternational airlines operating many hundreds of airplanes ofvarious types. Airline services can be categorized asintercontinental, intra-continental, regional or domestic and maybe operated as scheduled services or charters. These variations inthe types of airline companies, their operating scope, and theroutes they serve, make analysis of the airline industry complex.But one thing is certain: The industry is heavily influenced by themarket now. In the past 50 years or so, the general trend ofownership has gone from government-owned or government-supported toindependent, for-profit companies. This is a result of thegovernment permit greater freedom. This trend is not yet consistentacross all airlines in all regions. The demand for air travelservices depends on other things: needs for cargo transportation,business passenger demand, leisure passenger demand, which are allinfluenced by macroeconomic activity in the market. These trendsare highly seasonal, and often depend on day-of-week, ortime-of-day. The industry is cyclical. Four or five years of poorperformance are followed by five or six years of gradualimprovement in performance.
1.D 2 C 3.D 4.A 5.B


Task2:Results of Damage Testing
Script:
Birds often cause accidents when they strike aircraft. To date noreliable method of avoiding birds has been discovered. Butscientists at the NASA space center have developed a gun built tolaunch dead chickens at the windshields of airliners, military jetsand the space shuttle, all traveling at their top speed. The ideais to reproduce the frequent incidents of collisions with birds totest the strength of the windshields.
Trains sometimes encounter similar problems with birds. It was notsurprising that when British engineers heard about the gun, theywere eager to test it on the windshields of their new high-speedtrains.
Arrangements were made to borrow the gun. It was flown across theAtlantic and set up with great care near London. But when the gunwas fired, the engineers stood shocked as the chicken flew into theshield, smashed it, went through the engineer's chair, and landedon the back of the car.
Horrified, the British sent NASA the results of the disastrousexperiment, along with the designs of the new windshield. Theybegged the U.S. scientists to send them their suggestions foravoiding smashed windshields. NASA reviewed the test thoroughly andhad one recommendation: "Thaw the chicken.”
Task3: Funny Flight Announcements
Script:
Occasionally, airline crews try to make their announcementsentertaining. Here are some examples that have been reported. Onepilot delivered this welcome message: "We are pleased to have someof the best flight attendants in the industry. Unfortunately noneof them are on this flight."
One pilot said, "Folks, we have reached our cruising altitude now,so I'm going to switch the seatbelt sign off. Feel free to moveabout as you wish, but please stay inside the plane till we land.It's a bit cold outside, and if you walk on the wings, it affectsthe flight pattern."
A Southwest Airlines employee said, "In the event of a sudden lossof cabin pressure, oxygen masks will descend from the ceiling. Stopscreaming, grab the mask, and pull it over your face. If you havesmall children traveling with you, secure your mask beforeassisting with theirs. If you are traveling with two smallchildren, decide now which one you love more."
Another flight attendant's comment on a less than perfect landinggoes like this: "We ask you to please remain seated as CaptainKangaroo bounces us to the terminal."
Still another attendant said, “As you exit the plane, please besure to gather all of your belongings. Anything left behind will bedistributed evenly among the flight attendants. Please do not leavechildren or spouses. Last one off the plane must clean it.”

News Report
Paragliding for a Publishing Deal
Script
An Australian writer-and paraglider-tried landing in front ofBuckingham Palace last December to help him land a publishingdeal.
In what looked like a scene from a James Bond movie, theparaglider, 36-year-old Brett de la Mare, was followed through theskies of central London by a police helicopter as he headed towardthe palace-the London home of Queen Elizabeth II.
The royal family was not present at the time, but police took theincident seriously, all the same. The helicopter tried to force theparaglider away, but in the end, he succeeded in landing on thepalace grounds. Police there promptly arrested him.
This was no terrorist, however, as Police had feared. He was,rather, a writer trying to gain publicity to help publish a book,called “Canine Dawn”. Unable to get publishers interested in thebook, he tried some new ways to get attention.
After the incident, de la Mare explained what happened toreporters. "I came in over the fence, and I landed in the forecourthere, and the crowd started cheering. And I was arrested anddragged off." De la Mare said police had difficulty deciding whatto charge him with: "They initially… they arrested me for attemptedburglary.. of ...Buckingham Palace... and of course, they droppedthat. I mean, attempted burglary! I mean, it's hardly a discreetmethod of burglary..." They later charged him with breaches of theAir Navigation Order.
De la Mare left a humorous message on his cell phone for callers:"Hi, this is Brett. I'm sorry you missed me. I am incarceratedright now or something. Please leave me a message, and I'll getback to you as soon as I am free."

UNIT 9 Here are the seasons to be jolly
II. Basic Listening Practice
1. Script
W: Of all the holidays people celebrate, Christmas, Easter,Mother's Day...which are the most important to you?
M: Christmas and Easter, because they mark events in Jesus Christ'slife: his birth and his escape from a tomb into heaven. The otherfestivals, I think, were mainly created to increase sales.
Q: How many holidays does the man believe to be important?
C)Two
2. Script
M: I used to love giving my mother a present on Mother's Day. Italways made her cry, then she'd hug me hard enough to squeeze thebreath out of me.
W: Mothers are really no different from anyone else. They love tobe loved, that's all.
Q: What was the mother's response to her son's gift?
A)She was beside her-self with joy.
3. Script
M: Every country has its own unique holidays. There is oneexclusive to some British Commonwealth countries like England,Australia and Canada. That' s Boxing Day.
W: I know, and it's a perfect date for a holiday, being the dayafter Christmas Day. Apparently it began with the custom of givingthe poor boxes of food; thus a boxing day.
Q: What was the origin of Boxing Day?
B)Giving poor people food
4. Script
M: I absolutely hate Christmas shopping. I can never figure outwhat to buy for everyone, so I rush around like an idiot at thelast minute, buying junk.
W: Then maybe you shouldn't buy any gifts. Just tell people "MerryChristmas!" instead.
Q: What does the woman mean?
D)She disagrees with the man .J
5. Script
M: When all the children come home for Christmas, there won't beenough room for everyone...what shall we do? Maybe some will haveto stay in a hotel.
W: I want them all here. We'll make it work. I can hardly wait tosee everyone; it doesn't matter if we're a bit squished. We'll belike turkey stuffing.
Q: What does the woman mean?
C)She won’t care if the children are crowded at home

III. Listening In
Task1:Expensive Holidays
Script
Grace: So, Mark, what are you going to get me for ChineseValentine's Day-a holiday for the Cowherd and Girl Weaver tomeet?
Mark: Sorry, I've never heard of it. Anyway, we already celebratedValentine's Day in February. I gave you a bunch of red roses.
Grace: But there's another lover's day in the world. Isn't itwonderful if lovers have more than one lover's day a year?
Mark: Do you mean I have to get you a present fort each lover’sday?
Grace: Well, you d better give me a present from time to time ifyou want to win my heart.
Mark: I gave you a beautiful card on New Year's Day...and aChristmas gift a couple of days before that. Then I invited you toa dinner on the Chinese New Year's Day, that is, the SpringFestival.
Grace: Thank you for that. Nowadays the Chinese Spring Festival isgetting popular here. And it's exciting.
Mark: But few people here know anything about a foreign Lover'sDay.
Grace: You see, I enjoy celebrating holidays again and again.
Mark: But it's hard on the wallet. I'll end up in the poor house atthis rate.
Grace: But it's romantic! And don't forget it's only another monthbefore my birthday.
Mark: Your birthday was last month! I already bought you aring!
Grace: That was my birthday on the Western calendar. Next month,it's my birthday on the lunar calendar!

Grace asks what Mark is going to get her for the ChineseValentine's Day, but Mark thinks he has already given Grace a bunchof roses for Western Valentine's Day in February. Grace objectsthat it is wonderful if lovers have more than one lover's day ayear. She needs Mark's presents from time to time if Mark wants towin her heart. Mark mentions that he gave her a beautiful card onNew Year's Day, a Christmas gift a couple of days before that, andinvited her to a dinner on the Chinese Spring Festival, AlthoughGrace loves celebrating holidays, Mark worries that it's hard onthe wallet, and he will end up in the poor house at this rate.Finally Grace tells Mark not to forget her birthday on the lunarcalendar, though she already received a ring from Mark for herbirthday on the Western calendar.

Task2:April Fool’s Day
Script
On a flight from the West Coast to the East Coast, the lead flightattendant was eager to get in early as her boyfriend, a pilot, wasgoing to have a short stopover at the destination airport. She madea point of telling her fellow crew members about this. Because itwas April 1st, April Fool's Day, the day people play tricks on oneanother, the captain decided to have a little fun.
About an hour before landing, he made an announcement that wentlike this: "Ladies and Gentlemen, this is the captain speaking. Ihave a little bit of bad news. There're some thunderstorms at ourdestination, and they've currently closed the airport. They expectit to reopen in about thirty minutes to an hour. As one mightexpect, this will result in long delays. As we've come all the wayfrom the West Coast, we don't even have enough fuel to circle untilthe airport reopens. Therefore, we are going to be diverting toCleveland, and we should be landing in about thirty minutes. We'lltake some fuel there and get you back on your way to our originaldestination. I’m terribly sorry for the delay. However, we’11 getyou there just as soon as possible." It was at this moment that youcould hear someone running up to the cockpit. The cockpit door flewopen, and sure enough it was the lead flight attendant mumblingsomething like, "This can’t be happening. What shall I do?" As shewent on painfully, the captain made another announcement: "Ladiesand Gentlemen, happy April Fool's Day!'"
T F T F F

Task3: The Wilsons’ Thanksgiving
Script
Thanksgiving is one of America's most popular holidays. It is a dayfor expressing thanks for the good things in life. It is also a dayfor family reunion. On that day many people travel long distancesto get together with their families. For many Americans,Thanksgiving is the time when all members of a family gather.
But not everyone can spend Thanksgiving with his or her family.Today we'll introduce you to a couple, Joan and Sandy Wilson, whocould not afford to take time out to visit their parents one year.They regretted not being able to celebrate Thanksgiving with alltheir family members. But soon they met other people who also wereseparated from their families. So the Wilsons began holding ayearly Thanksgiving dinner for what they called their "extendedfamily". This included people in their community. All the guestsbrought food to share for Thanksgiving dinner.
The group has grown over the years. To accommodate all the guests,Mr. and Mrs. Wilson now have to add small tables to their large onein the big dining room. At first, many of their friends broughttheir babies and young children. Now some of the first guests aregrandparents.
Like many other Americans, Mr. and Mrs. Wilson and their visitorsenjoy a long day of cooking, eating and talking. The traditionalmeal usually includes a turkey. Other traditional Thanksgivingfoods served "with turkey are sweet potatoes, cranberries andpumpkin pies.
1.A 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.C

IV. Speaking Out
MODEL 1 Eat, drink and be merry on Christmas.
Nora: My mother bought an enormous twenty-five pound turkey forChristmas dinner. I'm so excited!
Susan: We have geese and ham for Christmas dinner on both ChristmasEve and Christmas night.
Nora: Our traditional Christmas dinner is a turkey, so giganticthat we eat leftovers for days.
Susan: Chris swears he'll refuse a huge dinner and stick to ahealthy meal of tofu and salad.
Nora: No way. He's kidding! Wait till he sees what his mothercooks: roast turkey with stuffing, gravy, mashed potatoes, peas andplum pudding for dessert!
Susan: We heap up our presents under the tree and open them onChristmas morning.
Nora: We open one Christmas Eve, more Christmas morning, and therest the next day.
Susan: Wow! Your family prolongs the celebration for threedays!
Nora: We start by decorating the tree on Christmas Eve, puttingornaments, lights and artificial snow flakes on it.
Susan: Do you hang stockings by the fireplace and have a star ontop of the tree?
Nora: Yes. And we have another activity. We also "give notexpecting to get".
Susan: That's a peculiar expression. What do you mean bythat?
Nora: It's secret giving. We sneak up to the door of somebody wewant to give a gift to, ring the doorbell, and run.
Susan: So, you're not expecting anything; you're just beinggenerous. That's a kind-hearted gesture.
Nora: Isn't that what the true spirit of Christmas is supposed tobe?

Now Your Turn
SAMPLE DIALOG
A: If you want to know about Christmas, I can tell you that it's anoccasion for family reunions.
Family members have dinner together.
B: That's also true of the Chinese Spring Festival.
A: Americans usually eat turkey for Christmas dinner. My motherbought an enormous twenty-five pound turkey for it. And ourneighbors had goose and ham on both Christmas Eve and Christmasnight.
B: Chinese have a huge dinner on the Spring Festival Eve. Usually afish is served, because its pronunciation in Chinese means"surplus" or "abundance". We also eat a lot of meat andseafood.
A: A turkey is often so gigantic that we eat leftovers fordays.
B: A Chinese dinner is known for many kinds of food. We simplycan't eat them all at once. So we also eat leftovers fordays.
A: Rich food isn't good for your health. Some Americans refuse ahuge dinner and stick to a healthy meal of salad.
B: The same is true here in China. Some people prefer tofu andvegetables to meat.
A: Another important part of Christmas is the gifts. We heap up ourpresents under the Christmas tree or put them in stockings.Children are excited about gifts.
B: In China we give children money in a red envelope.
A: To enjoy a merry Christmas, Westerners exchange gifts, sendChristmas cards, sing Christmas carols and throw parties.
B: The Chinese set off firecrackers and fireworks to add to thejubilant atmosphere. In some places they also stage dragon and liondances. And they visit relatives during the festival.
A: Both the Spring Festival and Christmas are fascinating.

MODEL 2 The Pilgrims' spirit of Thanksgiving lives on.
Script
Chris: Will Nora be spending Thanksgiving with us this year?
Susan: No, she's going home to spend the holiday with her motherand brother. She hasn't seen her family in over a year.
Chris: I know how she feels. Thanksgiving is such a big familyholiday in the States.
Susan: It began as a celebration by the Pilgrims. They were happyjust to have survived their first harsh winter in the new land in1621 "
Chris: But wasn't that harsh winter followed by an abundantharvest?
Susan: Yeah, that's good reason to celebrate: they had beaten theodds and were still alive. It was a time to relax and "count yourblessings".
Chris: You know, most cultures seem to have some sort ofcelebration like this--don't the Chinese have a festival of mooncakes to celebrate the harvest month?
Susan: Yeah, they do. I believe the round moon cakes also symbolizea family reunion.
Chris: Well, today Thanksgiving in the States has developed into amajor holiday.
Susan: True, it's a very emotional time. Families often travelgreat distances to be together and share a huge dinner. Jamie'smother will have a turkey and a ham, corn-on-the-cob, yams, peasand carrots, and to top it all off, pumpkin pie.
Chris: Just thinking about all that food makes my mouth water, andI think I'm going to gain ten pounds this year.
Susan: But you have the rest of the year to lose those unwantedpounds. And losing weight will give you something to be thankfulfor next Thanksgiving.

Now Your Turn
A: Will you be spending the Thanksgiving holiday with us thisyear?
B: No, I'm flying back to the States to spend the holiday with mymother and brother. I haven't seen my family for over a year. Yousee, Thanksgiving is a big family holiday
A: In China the Mid-Autumn Festival is also a holiday for familyreunions. Do you happen to know the origin of Thanksgiving?
B: It began as a celebration by the Pilgrims. They were happy justto have survived their first harsh winter in the new land in1621.
A: I'm not quite sure of the origin of the Mid-Autumn Festival, butit is said to have something to do with Lady Chang'er who flew tothe moon. On a day of full moon her husband longed for her toreturn to earth. So this may have something to do with familyreunions
B: Thanksgiving is also an occasion to celebrate the harvest. ThePilgrims' first harsh winter was followed by an abundant harvest.That was good reason to celebrate
A: Most cultures have some sort of celebration of the harvest. Infact the Chinese Mid-Autumn Festival is a festival to celebrate theharvest month, since fruits, vegetables and grain have beenharvested by this time and food is abundant.
B: To observe Thanksgiving, Americans eat turkey, ham,corn-on-the-cob, yams, peas and carrots, and to top it all off,pumpkin pie.
A: Oh, just thinking about all that food makes my mouth water. WeChinese eat moon cakes to mark the occasion. The round moon cakessymbolize a family reunion
B: Thanksgiving in the States has developed into a majorholiday
A: The Mid-Autumn Festival is one of the most important festivalsin China, too. It's sometimes believed to be the second mostimportant holiday, next only to the Spring Festival.

MODEL 3 Don't let ghosts frighten you on Halloween
Script
Susan: Hey Kim! Are you okay? You seem badly shaken. Where did yougo'?
Kim: Just to the corner, but I'm frightened out of my wits, scaredsilly, terrified.
Susan: What happened? You said you were only going to the store fora coke.
Kim: People in funny costumes and masks everywhere! Some in tall,pointed hats.
Susan: It's October 31 st, Halloween, the day for dressing likewitches and ghosts.
Kim: In the store window is a big vegetable with a carved face andcandle inside.
Susan: It's a pumpkin. A face and a candle burning inside make it aJack o' Lantern.
Kim: A crowd of children followed me shouting, "Tickle your feet."Imagine!
Susan: No, they said, "Trick or Treat?" They were hoping you'd givethem candy.
Kim: Welt, it's a funny kind of holiday. What's it called?Halloween?
Susan: Yeah, it's one of the oldest holidays in the West. Todayit's mostly for children.
Kim: I myself would never dress like a ghost and shout, "Tickleyour feet."

Now Your Turn
SAMPLE DIALOG
A: Are you okay? You look terrible! Where did you go?
B: Just to the comer, but I'm frightened out of my wits.
A: What's up? You said you were only going to the store for acoke.
B: All over people wore strange clothes and masks, with some intall, pointed hats .I was scared silly when a guy with a bloodymask jumped out from a street comer all of a sudden.
A: Ah, it's October 31st, Halloween, the day for dressing likewitches and ghosts.
B: I was terrified when kids gave out horrible cries likeghosts.
A: Don't worry. They meant no harm. They did that just forfun.
B: A group of children came over to me shouting, "Trick ortreat?"
A: They were hoping you'd treat them with candy.
B: Well, I didn't know that, so I simply ignored them.
A: Then they'd play a trick on you, I guess.
B: Exactly, they threw eggs at my car window. It's a funny kind ofholiday. What's it called? Halloween?
A: Yes, it's one of the oldest holidays in the West. Today it'smainly for kids.
B: I myself will never dress like a ghost and shout, "Trick ortreat?"

V. Let'sTalk
Script
Young men and women, tomorrow will be Mother's Day. Some of you arestill wondering what to do for your mom. Here's my advice.
Look out for anything that she plans to buy, and buy it if you canafford it. For example, a casual dress or formal office wear. Or,it may be a unique hair clip. Find out if she is planning to get anew microwave or a new steam iron, and buy it for her if you canafford it. But don't forget to add a personal touch, and buyperfume or a bouquet of flowers as an add-on to the most practicalgifts.
You can get some ideas by considering what her likes and dislikesare. If she likes cats, how about giving her a pet or somethingthat has a picture of a cat on it? But make sure she doesn't findout that you're getting her a present. Let her gift be a pleasantsurprise.
Definitely spend some time with her, especially if you are notliving with her. Make her feel special. For example, you can cook aspecial dish for the day. You can also throw a little party andinvite those who are close to her.
And of course, if she enjoys outings, take a little trip with her.And if possible with your entire family. She'll love it for sure.After all, she is the one who takes care of all of you. A specialtrip to the countryside Gould show her how much you care for her.If she is happy, I'm sure you'll feel happy, too.
What to Do for Mom Details or Examples
Look out for anything that she plans to buy. For example, a casualdress or a formal office wear. Or. it may be a hair clip with atouch of difference. Check out if she is planning to get a newmicrowave or a new steam iron.

Try to be guided by her likes and dislikes If she likes cats.how about giving her a pet or something that has a picture of a caton it?
Spend some time with her You can cook a special dish for the day.You can also throw a little party and invite those who are close toher.
If she likes outings, take a trip with her. A special trip to thecountryside could show her how much you for her.

Discussion SAMPLE
A: It's reported in a newspaper article that far more roses aresold on Valentine's Day than flowers on Mother's Day.
B: I never realized it, but when we consider it carefully, thereseems to be a problem.
A: It's natural for people to pay more attention to the present andfuture than to the past. So people may think more about theirspouses and children than about their parents.
B: But we should never forget that our parents, especially ourmothers, took care of us and brought us up.
A: True. Now that Mother's Day is coming, we'd better do somethingfor our morns. I'll give Morn a bouquet of carnations on thatmorning.
B: I'll look out for anything she plans to buy and buy it as apleasant surprise for her.
A: But it's more important to spend time with her. I'm consideringtaking Mom to see a new movie. I'm sure she'll enjoy it.
B: But you can't talk a lot with your mom in the movie theater. Whynot take her to a restaurant for a good dinner. There you can talka lot.
A: But I prefer to cook a meal for her by myself. She will be gladabout that.
B: Perhaps it's also a good idea to take her to a park. That's moreromantic.
A: My mom likes to be with people. I'll throw a party for her andinvite!Jthose who are close to her.
B: Good idea. You can take photos of her. You see, in a few yearsshe'll get older and won't look the same anymore.
A: I got a part-time job during the winter vacation. I'll give Mornsome money. She doesn't really need it, but it shows my love forher and can surely give her a sense of security.
B: I'll cheer my Mom up with my academic achievements.
A: Well, don't forget Father's Day.
B: Of course not.

VI. Further Listening and Speaking
Listening
Task1:Celebrations on the New Year’s Eve
Script
On December 31st, Americans welcome the New Year in variousways.
Some people like to see the New Year in while traveling by boat.For example, people in Chicago, Illinois, can choose from severalspecial holiday trips on Lake Michigan. These cruises includedinner and dancing to music performed by a band. In San Diego,California, a company offers New Year's Eve parties on the PacificOcean. It costs more than 100 dollars for each person.
Other Americans have parties at home and invite all their friends.Many of these events are noisy. People shout and sing. They oftenblow on small noisemakers when the New Year arrives at midnight.They kiss their husband or wife———— or the person they are with. Theydance to music. Other Americans spend a quiet evening at home. Theydrink champagne at midnight to welcome the New Year.
Some people drink too much alcohol at New Year's Eve celebrations.This can lead to tragic results if a person then drives a car. TheNational Safety Council says hundreds of people die in roadaccident~ during the holiday.
Other Americans observe the coming of the New Year at eventswithout alcohol more than 220 American cities hold these FirstNight celebrations. Artists in Boston, Massachusetts, started thetradition of First Night celebrations in 1976. They wanted toobserve the coming of a New Year. But they did not want to holdnoisy drinking parties. So they organized music, art and otherevents to observe the holiday. People in Boston can choose among250 performances and exhibits around the city. People can look athuge statues made of ice. Families can also watch fireworks Earlyin the evening.
1. C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.C

Task 2: Mother’s Day
Script
In the U.S., Mother's Day is a holiday celebrated on the secondSunday in May. It is a day when children honor their mothers withcards, gifts, and flowers. It was first observed in Philadelphia,Pennsylvania, in 1907.
Long before that, there were days honoring mothers even in ancientGreece. In those days, however, it was Rhea, the mother of the godswho was given honor.
Later, in the 1600s, in England there was an annual observancecalled "Mothering Sunday". It was celebrated during June, on thefourth Sunday. On Mothering Sunday, the servants, who generallylived with their employers, were encouraged to return home andhonor their mothers. It was traditional for them to bring a specialcake along to celebrate the occasion.
In the U.S., in 1907, Ana Jarvis, from Philadelphia, began acampaign to establish a national Mother's Day. Jarvis
persuaded her mother's church in Grafton, West Virginia, tocelebrate Mother's Day on the second anniversary of her mother'sdeath, which was the second Sunday in May. The next year Mother'sDay was again celebrated in Philadelphia. Jarvis and others began aletter-writing campaign to ministers, businessmen, and politiciansin their quest to establish a national Mother s Day. They weresuccessful. In 1914, the American President president proclaimedMother s Day a national observance that was to be held each year onthe second Sunday of May.

Task3: St.Valentine’s Story
Script
Let me introduce myself. My name is Valentine. I lived in Romeduring the third century. At that time, Rome was ruled by anemperor named Claudius. He wanted to have a big army, and heexpected men to volunteer to join. Seeing many men did not want toleave their wives and families, Claudius had a crazy idea. Hethought that if men were not married, they would not mind joiningthe army. So he passed a law to forbid any more marriages. Ithought it was preposterous! I certainly wasn't going to supportthat law!
I was a priest, and one of my favorite activities was to marrycouples. I kept on performing marriage ceremonies, secretly. Onenight, we heard footsteps and shouts of soldiers outside. It wasscary! The couple I was marrying escaped in time, but I was caught.I was thrown in jail and told that my punishment was death.
Then wonderful things happened. Many young people came to the jailto visit me. They threw flowers and notes up to my window. Theywanted me to know that they, too, believed in love.
One of these young people was the daughter of the prison guard.Sometimes we would sit and talk for hours. She helped me to keep myspirits up. On the day I was to die, I left my friend a little notethanking her for her friendship and loyalty. I signed it, "Lovefrom your Valentine."
I believe that note started the custom of exchanging love messageson Valentine's Day.

News Report
A Famous Christmas Market
Script
Receiving Christmas presents is always fun, but buying them can bea headache. This is why many Christmas shoppers around Europe arenow going to the German city of Nuremberg to visit its famousChristmas market, Christkindlesmarkt..
The four-hundred-year-old market is a child's paradise. Its 150stalls sell all kinds of toys, gifts, and special foods. Astaggering two million people visit the market annually.
The old city and market add a special feeling to Christmas. As oneBritish tourist, Mivart Thomas, explains," There's something quite,sort of, medieval about the atmosphere here. There are quite a lotof old stalls--traditional-looking stalls--and the cathedral in thebackground with lights all around; and just a few minutes ago, thebrass band was playing...playing Christmas carols. The wholeatmosphere is wonderful." The market maintains its Old Worldatmosphere with regulations saying what can and can't be sold. Notsurprisingly, the focus is on the family. The market's touristofficer, Gerd Lauterbauch, points out that the market's nametranslates as "Christ child's market", and the idea behind it is tooffer presents for children on Christmas. Christmas markets arefound in many German cities, but Nuremberg's is the most famous. Itgives a very different impression from the one tourists expect,considering the city's Nazi past. And as word of the market spreadsaround Europe, the market is becoming a tourist center.

Unit 10
Basic Listening Practice
1. Script
W: Let me recommend my brother to you. He’s really done well in thestock market over the last few years.
M: The real question is this: How have you dine by taking hisadvice?
Q: What does the man mean?

2. Script
M: Many investors jump on IPOs, hoping to get rich by getting intoa stock early before it goes up.
W: But isn’t that a bit like buying a book without reading it? Imean, what if it doesn’t go up?
Q: What is the woman’s opinion?

3. Script
W: The Dow was down again today. It’s hard to make money when highfuel prices are killing the stock market.
M: There’s still money to be made. If you bought oil futures threemonths ago, you’d be smiling right now.
Q: What can we learn from the dialog?

4. Script
M: I can’t wait to get back to my computer. Online share tradinghas totally changed the stock market and the lives of investors.Hook up to the Internet and be your own broker!
W: In other words you can cut out the middle man now. For about＄500, you can open an account and begin buying and selling sharesfrom your own home, 24 hours a day.
Q: Which of the following is true if they want to trade shares onthe Internet?

5. Script
M: Hold onto your hat! We’ll be rich. I’m buying shares in a newcompany.
M: You can’t buy IPO shares unless you have a big active with abroker. The day of dot-com fortunes from IPOs are over.
Q: According to the conversation, what is the condition for buyingIPO shares.

1.D 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.C

Listening In
Task 1: Tell me about the stock exchange.
Script
George: I’m supposed to give a presentation on the stock exchange,but I don’t yet know a thing about it. Could you give me sometips?
Diana: The problem with you is that you’ve skipped too manyclasses. Now, let me give you a few tips. First of all, you need todefine the stock exchange. It’s an organization of brokers andinvestment bankers. In Europe it is often called a bourse.
George: Could you tell me more about it? Like, how does itwork?
Diana: It provides facilities for the trading of company stocks,mainly the location and the record-keeping devices.
George: Can I go and trade there?
Diana: It depends. You have to be a member of the exchange beforeyou can buy and sell shares there. They call it having “a seat” onthe exchange.
George: Something they use the term “stock market”.
Diana: Well, the trading of stock on stock exchanges is called thestock market.
George: How can a company be listed on the stock exchange?
Diana: It has to meet certain requirements. To be listed on the NewYork Stock Exchange last year, for example, a company had to haveissued at least a million shares of stock worth＄16 and had to havehad more than ＄2.5 million net income.
George: Wow, that’s a huge sum! Small companies haven’t got achance.
Diana: Big companies have more influence on the stock prices afterall.
George: I see what you mean.

Stock exchange a thing some tips define investment bankersEurope a member stock market requirements a million shares netincome

Task 2: Stockbroker helps Mr. Junkie to short
Script
ABC stock reached＄155. “＄155” for a stock that should be valuedat＄100. Wow! “That’s it,” I said to myself. “It’s time I make adecision. I’m going to short that stock.” I thought to myself,“This stock is overvalued. It can’t remain at the present level forlong. This means money in the bank.”
So I phoned my broker.
“I want to place a trade. I want to short 1,500 shares ofABC.
“I’m sorry, Mr. Junkie,” he said, “I can’t process that for you.Your account is cash account. You need a margin account to short astock. I can send you the application form or you nearest financialinstitution to fill out the forms.”
The minute I got of the phone, I heard out the door because time ismoney. I ran to the financial institution to fill out the form andsent it to the broker by express mail service. Next morning Icalled him.
“Hello, it’s Mr. Junkie. Did you get my application?
“Yes.”
“Great, I would like to short ABC then.”
“One minute please…I’m sorry, Mr. Junkie, but you now need ashorter’s account.”
“What! You mean the margin account isn’t enough?”
“No, you also need a shorter’s account. Any financial institutionnearby has the forms.”
Off I ran again. I completed the form and had a taxi deliver to mybroker. In the afternoon I called again.
“Hello, it’s Mr. Junkie. I want to short 1,500 shares of ABC at＄155.”
A few moments later he answered, “Mr. Junkie, I am sorry, but Idon’t think that is possible.”
“Why not?”
“Well, the last trade went through at ＄99.”

F 1. The broker did not believe ABC stock could remain at ＄155for long.
T 2. Mr. Junkie wanted to short 1,500 shares of ABC.
T 3.Mr. Junkie could get a margin account through either afinancial institution or his broker.
T 4. To short a stock, one needs both a margin account and ashorter’s account.
F 5. Mr. Junkie asked a taxi driver the forms for a margin accountto the broker.

Task 3: Who am I if I own stocks?
Script
When a person buys stocks in a company, that person becomes ashareholder in that company. Stockholder is another name forshareholder. A shareholder can also be called an investor of thecompany. When that company makes money, which can also be calledearned income or profit, the value of the company’s stock oftenincreases. That’s because more people may become interested ininvesting in the company. Sometimes, shareholders receive adividend, which is part of the company’s earned incomes, in theform of a cash payment.
Some people try to make money by buying and selling stocks. Stockprices can move up and down. Shareholders may make money or losemoney by selling stocks that they own, depending on whether theprice has gone up or down since they bought their shares. Acompany’s stock price may be affected by market or economicconditions. For example, let’s say that BCD Enterprises is asoftware company that has introduced a new video game into themarket. If that game is a hit, sales of the video game could boostthe company’s earnings. Because of the potential for BCDEnterprises to grow, its stock may be viewed as an attractiveinvestment and its stock price may go up as more people buy itsshares. On the other hand, let’s say the video game that BCDEnterprises introduced is a flop. Or, it could be a good time, butBCD introduced it at a time when people are spending less onleisure products, and hardly anyone is buying the game. So it’sreported that BCD is losing money because of this new product. Thenthe stock price for BCD Enterprises may go down if a number ofshareholders decide to sell their shares.

1. What is the passage mainly concerned with?
C) The influence of shareholders’ buying and selling on acompany.

2. Which of the following is NOT the same as ashareholder?
B) A person selling shares on behalf of others.

3. What may affect a company’s stock price?
D) All of the above.

4. According to the passage, which of the following is true if acompany’s product is good?
A) The company’s stock price may go up.

5. Why does the speaker mention BCD Enterprises?
D) BCD is used as an example to illustrate the stock marketprinciples

Speaking Out
MODEL 1 The stock market is driven by fear and greed.
Chris: Nora!
Nora: Hey Chris. Why the big grin? You look like the cat thatswallowed the canary.
Chris: Even better. An uncle I hardly knew passes away and left aninheritance of ＄100,000. So now I’m thinking of making someinvestments.
Nora: Good idea, thouh it would be more fun if we spent ittogether. What sort of investment do you have in mind?
Chris: The stock market is looking attractive. It’s been a bearmarket for several years now, and I think stock prices are prettydepressed.
Nora: The decling market has investors depressed,too.
Chris: But all things work in cycles. A bear market will eventuallybe followed by a bull market.
Nora: That’s sure. I’ve been reading that investors are coming backto the market, and that will drive up the value of stocks.
Chris: I believe the market is picking up.
Nora: But there’s still a risk. Wars, weather problems—all theseimpact incestors’ confidence.
Chris: I know what you mean. The stock market is driven by fear sndgreed. When investors are cinfident od making of a fortune, theybuy—that’s greed at work.
Nora: But along comes something to shake their confidence…
Chris: Like a rise in interest rates, for example, and bingo, theybecome afraid that they might lose their shares, so they pull outof the market.

Now Your Turn
A: I’ve saved a lot of money over the past years, and now I’d liketo invest it for a profit.
B: What sort of investment do you have in mind?
A: The stock market is looking attractive. It’s been a bear marketfor several years now, and I think stock prices are prettydepressed.
B: The falling market has discouraged many investors.
A: But all things work in cycles. A bear market will eventually befollowed by a bull market.
B: That’s true. When the market does touch its bottom, it’llrebound.
A: I hope the investors will soon come back to the market and driveit up.
B: But there’re still risks. Wars, weather problems—all theseaffect buyers’ confidence.
We’re not sure if the market has reached its bottom.
A: The bear market has lasted over four years; I think it’s timefor it to pick up.
B: It’s really hard to say. The Japanese stock market has had abear run of about ten years.
A: Really?
B: And when NASDAQ fell from 5,000 points to 3,000 points, somepeople believe it was a golden opportunity to enter the market.Then the market plunged.
A: So the stock market is really risky. I may lose money.
B: And maybe even your shirts.
A: Well, perhaps I’d better put my money on the bank.

The stock has to be launched.
Helen: You know, this has been a privately owned company since wefirst opened last year and, to be honest with you, I’m inclined inkeeping in that way.
Bill: But the market is changing rapidly, and we need to think longterm and take proactive measure; otherwise, we’ll find ourselvesbehind the competition.
Helen: That’s a good point; perhaps I should be more open—mindedabout this.
Bill: Don’t you think you’re a little short of funds at themoment?
Helen: That’s true.
Bill: You simply can’t afford to upgrade your facilities withoutconsiderable outside investment. The bank won't lend you themoney.
Helen: I haven’t tried it.
Bill: Even if it did, the interest rate for that much capital wouldbe more we could afford. I’m convinced, the only way to generatethe funds we need is to go public.
Helen: What should I do then?
Bill: A consultant will be coming in next week to explain theregistration procedure for an IPO.

Helen: That’s great because I want to have a thoroughunderstanding of what this entails before any decisions aremade.
Bill: The important point is that you have to demonstrate you’refinancially qualified to be listed on the stock market.

Now Your Turn
A: Mr. Smith, though your company has grown fast few years, themarket is changing the rapidly. So you need to think the long termand take proactive measures; otherwise, you’ll find it behind thecompetition.
B: You’re quite right, but can you be more specific about what wemust do?
A: Don’t you think your company is a bit short of funds to expandproduction at the moment.
B: That’s right.
A: You simply can’t afford to upgrade your facilities without largeexternal investments.
B: Perhaps I have to borrow money from the bank.
A: It won’t lend you so much money.
B: I haven’t tried it.
A: Even if you got a loan, the interest rate for large sum would bemore than you can afford. I’m convinced, the only way to gatherfunds you need is to go to public.
B: What should I do then?
A: Let me explain the requirements for an IPO.
B: I’m all ears. I want to have a thorough understanding of whatthis entails before I make further decisions.
A: The important point is that you have to demonstrate that you arefinancially qualified to be launched on the stock market. You mustshow you have a capital of 50 million yuan.
B: Our company does have that amount of money. Are there otherrequirements?
A: You have to prove that the company has been making a profit inthe past three years. It’s also essential that there are no falsefinancial reports.
B: Ok, no problem. I’ll try to go through the Registrationprocedure to get our company listed.

MODEL 3 Nothing is certain n the stock market
Susan: Hey, Chris, have you read the paper today?
Chris: No. why? What’s up?
Susan: The store market has dropped again.
Chris: Oh, no! Not again! How many points did it lose thistime?
Susan: One hundred.
Chris: Let’s see…that’s a drop of three percent. Well, there goesthe money I was going to use to buy a new car.
Susan: Before you get upset, I think you should look at the stocklistings for today.
Chris: What for?
Susan: Well, some stocks actually gained, especially telecomstocks.
Chris: Let me see that paper. You’re right! My stock went up fivepercent overnight! That’s great!
Susan: For now, anyway. It may plunge tomorrow.
Chris: you’re right. I’m going to call my broker cash in my stocks.I’m not taking any more changes with my savings.
Susan: You’re wisher than most people I know. Sometimes it’s betterto play it safe.

Now Your Turn
A: Hey, Jack, I hear you become a millionaire by investing in thestock market. But I always lose money in the market. Can you giveme a few tips?
B: First of all, let’s look at the stock listing in today’snewspaper.
A: Wow, the stock market dropped again.
B: What stock did you buy?
A: BCD.
B: How many points did it lose this time?
A: More than a hundred.
B: Let’s see…That’s a drop of nearly five percent.
A: Oh, there goes a lot of my money. I’m thinking about pulling outof the market.
B: Before you get upset, I’d like to give you some advice.
A: What’s that?
B: Well, the market is cyclical. Through you’re losing money now,your stock may gain in future. Personally, I believe your stock isa good one. You’d better keep it until it goes up one day.
A: So I can’t make money in a short time?
B: Let’s look at XYZ stock. It’s now a junk stock, but it’s beenlow for a long time. It may climb up at any moment.
A: So, I’ll buy it and wait for it to go up.
B: And cash in your stock when it reaches a point that is highenough to give you a profit. My basic principle is to buy at thebottom and sell at the peak.
A: I see. I’ll buy low and sell high. But what if XYZ plunges againafter I buy it?
B: You have to take changes. There’s always risk in the stockmarket.

Let’s Talk
Gregory: I’ve been thinking about getting into the stock market,but I don’t know where to start. What do you know about buyingstocks?
Sylvia: Well, I have a few investments, so I know a little aboutit. Now it is probably a good time to invest. The market is low;prices are probably pretty good.
Gregory: So you mean it’s high time to enter the market? What kindof stock do you suggest?
Sylvia: I won’t recommend any specific stock. You have to make thedecision on your own. If you want to make money quickly, you couldtry speculating.
Gregory: What do you mean by speculating?
Sylvia: You buy stocks that go up quickly for a fast profit.
Gregory: Isn’t that risky? Stocks that go up fast also tend to godown fast.
Sylvia: You just have to guess how high they’ll go, and then sellwhen you think they are about to come down. If you guess right, youcan make lots of money in the blink of an eye.
Gregory: But I hear that many people guess wrong. When they thinkthe market is already very low, they start to buy. Then the marketcontinues to drop.
Sylvia: In that case you will lose your shirt. But to make money,you have to take changes.
Gregory: Hmm, I’m not much of a gambler.
Sylvia: So you probably want to stick to blue chip stocks for aguarantee return on your investment.
Gregory: That sounds right up my alley.

Gregory is thinking about getting into the stock market andwants to know how to buy stocks.
Sylvia say the market is low, so prices are probably prettygood.
Gregory sees it is high time to enter the market.
Sylvia Suggest speculating, which means buying stocks that go upquickly and then selling quickly for a fast profit.
Gregory finds it risky because stocks that go up fast also tend togo down fast.
Sylvia says that he has to guess how high they will go and thensells when he thinks they’re about to come down.
Gregory hears that many people guess wrong. When they start to buy,the market continues to drop.
Sylvia says that, to make money, he has to take changes.
Gregory admits that he is not much of a gambler.
Sylvia suggests that he stick to the blue chip stocks for aguaranteed return on his investment.

Discussion
A: I’m renting an apartment. If you go on like this, I’ll neverhave an apartment of my own. So I’m thinking buying an apartment,but I don’t know whether it’s good time to invest inproperty.
B: Soon it’ll be high time to buy houses. There’s been good newsfor buyers lately.
A: What’s it?
B: in the light of the speculative investment in real estate, thegovernment has recently issued a number of rules. For example,those who sell newly—bought apartment have to pay a tax. Soprobably fewer people are willing to speculate in the real estatemarket, and the housing prices will drop.
A: I have to wait and see. I would be glad even if the prices justremain stable. Any other good news?
B: Some people propose bypassing the real estate developers. Theywant to pool their funds to build their own apartment buildings. Inthis way they can cut the costs by a big margin.
A: Sounds interesting, though I’m not sure if it’s practical. Aboutwhen do you think I should buy an apartment?
B: Pretty soon. I guess the prices will fall soon.
A: I want to know exactly when. Shall I buy it next week or nextmonth?
B: You just have to guess how low the prices will go, and then buyat the right time.
A: It’s a bit risky because I may guess wrong. After I buy anapartment, the price may plunge again.
B: You have to take changes and make the decision on yourown.
A: Hmm, I’m not much of a gambler. Perhaps I’ll wait and see andcontinue to live in the rented apartment.
B: There’s also risk in this. It’s not altogether impossible thathousing prices will move up a little bit. If that’s the case,you’ll have to pay even more in the future.
A: My God, there are risks everywhere! So you’ve told me next tonothing.

Further Listening and Speaking
Task1: what do you know about NASDAQ?
As the world’s largest electronic, NASDAQ is not limited to onetrading location. Rather, trading is executed through NASDAQ’scomplex computer and telecommunication network, which sendsreal—time quote and trade data to more than 1.3 million users in 83countries. Without size and location limitations, NASDAQ’s openmarket structure allows a virtually unlimited number ofparticipants to trade in a company’s stock.
Today, NASDAQ lists the securities of nearly 4,100 of the world’sleading companies, and each year it continues to help hundreds ofcompanies go public.
Trading on NASDAQ is not limited to any fixed number ofparticipants. This allows a large number of firms with widelydifferent business models and trading technologies to connect tothe NASDAQ network and compete on an equal basis. Rather thanforcing investors to go through a single financial firms calledmakers. More than 500 market making firms trade on NASDAQ, actingad distributors for NASDAQ-listed securities. Those market makersare unique in that they invest own capital in NASDAQ-listedsecurities, and then turn around and distribute the stock asneeded. They are required at all times to post their bid and askprices in the NASDAQ network where they can be viewed by allparticipants. By being willing to buy or sell stock using their ownfunds, the market makers strengthen NASDAQ’s market, ensuing thatthere are always buyers and sellers for NASDAQ-listed securitiesand enabling trades to be filled quickly and efficiently.

1. How many participants does NASDAQ allow to trade in onecompany’s stock?
D) An unlimited number.

2. What does NASDAQ’s computer and telecommunications networkdo?
C) It immediately sends quote and trade information to over 1.3million users.

3. According to the passage, which of the following is true ofNASDAQ?
A) It has launched more than 4,000 companies.

4. What role do the market makers play?
B) They buy and sell NASDAQ stocks to help strengthen themarket.

5. Which of the following is the best title for thepassage?
A) The operation of NASDAQ.

Task 2: Stockbroker as Liquidator
In the midst of the shaky market of last week, many brokers gotcalls from their clients requesting they sell their shares. Onebroker told such a story:
One of my clients called me on Thursday. He was anxious and out ofbreath, and spoke with great urgency.
He said to me, “Jone, sell it all. Sell everything, fast, rightaway.”
I tried to explain to him that the market was cyclical, and that inthe long term stocks would return to normal.
He said, “John, let me tell you a secret. You know I’ve beenmarried for sixty years now, and I’ve been your client forfive.”
“Yes, go on.” I said encouragingly.
“Well, my wife Lucie has a sort of phobia about the market. When wegot married, I promised her that I would follow in her parents’footsteps and never venture into the stock market and always leaveall our money under the mattress. Her great grandparents once losteverything in a great crash, and ever since then her family foundinvesting in the market similar to crime.”
“Wow, Howard, I didn’t know that. I guess you want the moneybecause the market is going down.”
“No, John, I want the money because she ordered a new mattress, andit is being delivered in two days.”

Task 3: A Stock Market Crash

A stock market crash is a dramatic loss of shares ofcorporations. Crashes often follow speculative stock market bubblessuch as the dot-com boom.
After the most famous crash in 1929, known as the Black Thursdaywhen the Dow Jones Industrial Average dropped 50%, there came theGreat Depression. The following years saw the Dow drop a total ofover 85%.
There was also a crash on Monday, October 19, 1987, known infinancial circles as the Black Monday, when the Dow lost 22%of itsvalue in a single day, bringing to an end a five-year bull run. Thepattern was repeated across the world.
The stock market downturn of 2002 was part of a larger bear marketthat took the NASDAQ 75%from its highs and broader indices down30%.
Stock market crashes are driven by panic as much as by economicsfactors. They often follow stock market bubbles. So long as theprospect of further daily drops in the value stocks continues,those who invest in equities will be discouraged. If few people arewilling to make further investments, a bear market is expected topersist.

News Report
Worsening Bank Assets
Many of the traditional quantitative indicators suggest that bankasset quality is deteriorating, and that supervisors therefore needto be more sentitive to problems at individual banks, bothcurrently and in the months ahead.
Some of the credits that were made in earlier periods ofoptimism—especially syndicated loans—are now under pressure andscrutiny. The softening economy and all special circumstances haveespecially affected borrowers in the retail, manufacturing, healthcare and telecommunication industries. California utilities, as youknow, have also been under particular pressure. All of these, andno doubt other problem areas that are not now of foreseeable,require that both bank management and supervisors remainparticularly alert to development.
We are fortunate enough that our banking system entered this periodof weak economic performance in a strong position. After rebuildingcapital and liquidity in the early 1990s, followed by several yearsof post-World War II record profits and very strong loan growth,our banks now have prudent capital and reserve positions.
In addition, asset quality was quite good by historical standardsbefore the deterioration began.
Building on banking practices, we are in the process of improvingboth lending and supervisory policies that we trust will fosterbetter risk management; but these policies could also reduce thepro-cyclical pattern of easing and tightening of bank lending andaccordingly increase bank shareholder values and economicstability. It is an easy road, Mr. Chairman, but it seems that weare well along it.

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