爱华网过去分词与现在分词讲解及练习
过去分词在时态上强调动作已经完成，在语态上侧重于被动；
现在[]分词在时态上强调动作正在进行，在语态上侧重于主动。
1.分词作定语
共同点：分词作定语时，如果分词只是一个单词，那么，该分词就位于其所修饰的名词之前；如果是分词短语，那么，该短语就位于其所修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
不同点：分词作定语时，被分词所修饰的名词就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。
There was a terriblenoisethe sudden burst of light.(following)
What’s the languageinGermany?(spoken)
2.分词作表语
共同点：分词作表语时，它起着形容词的作用。
不同点：分词作表语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作表语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作的一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。
This news sounds____.(encouraging)
-How did the audience receive the new play?
-They got very____.(excited)
3.分词作宾语补足语
共同点：分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语，对句子的宾语起补充或说明作用。
不同点：分词作宾语补足语时，句子的宾语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。
The next morning she found the man ____ in bed,dead.
A.lyingB.lieC.layD. laying (A)
Good morning. Can I help you?
-I’d like to have the package ____, madam.
A. beweighedB. to beweighedC. toweighD. weighed (D)
4.分词作状语
共同点：分词作状语时，一般在句子中作时间、原因、方式或伴随等状语。
不同点：分词作状语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生谓语动词之前或同时发生。
The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behindhis back.
Not having received a reply, he decided to writeagain.
Exercises:
1. I cannot understand _____ such a well-paid job.
A. him to give upB. him to have given up C. hisgiving upD. his being given up
2. Jane’s summer vacation in England led to_____ an Englishman.
A. her marryB. her to marryC. her being marriedD. her marrying
3. She was sad because of _____ any chance left.
A. there being not B. there not being C. not there beingD. there was not
4. If you think a letter is too slow, why not _____ atelegram?
A. try to have sentB. trying to sendC. to try to sendD. try sending
5. There is no chance _____ him today.
A. in seeingB. to seeingC. of seeingD. about seeing
6. I know you like _____. Would you like _____ with me now?
A. to swim, to swim B. swimming,swimming C. swimming, to swimD. to swim, swimming
7. Before _____, the machine must be checked.
A. being usedB. using itC. being used toD. using
8. To give up _____ means _____.
A. smoking, stopping smoking B. smoking,to stop smoking
C. to smoke, to stop to smokeD. to smoke, stopping to smoke
9. — What do you think of thebook?
— Oh, excellent. It’s worth_____ a second time.
A. to readB. readingC. to be readD. being read
10. “What has made you soupset?”“________ my new bike.”
A.LostB. Because oflosingC. Since IlostD. Losing
11. I still remember _____ to Beijing when I was six.
A. to takeB.takingC. havingtakingD. having been taken
12. Some foreigner used to _____ on the left in their owncountries, but now they have got used to _____ on the right in ourcountry.
A. driving, driveB. drive, driveC. drive, drivingD. driving, driving
13. He remained ____ there, for he grew ____ in many thingsthere.
A. staying, interestingB. staying, interested C. to stay,interestD. stayed, interested
14. It is important for parents and young people to learn how toget through to each other and develop skill in understanding and_____.
A. being understoodB. to be understoodC. understandD. understood
15. _____ more trees is good for health and it is also importantto stop waste from factories _____ our surroundings.
A. To plant, pollute B. Planting,to pollute C. Plant, pollutingD. Planting, polluting
16. I would appreciate _____ back this afternoon.
A. you to callB. you callC. your callingD. you’re calling
17. How about the two of us _____ a walk down the garden?
A. to takeB.takeC. takingD. to betaking
18. “The light in the office is stillon.”“Oh, I forgot _____”
A. turning it offB. turn it offC. to turn it offD. having turned it off
19. “I must apologize for _____ ahead oftime.”“That’s allright.”
A. letting you not knowB. not letting you know
C. letting you knownotD. letting not you know
20. It happened ______ when I left the station, so I had to waituntil the rain stopped.
A. to be raining B. to have rained C. to rain D. raining
21. ____ more attention, the trees could have grownbetter.
A. GivenB.To giveC.GivingD. Having given
22. Climbing mountains was ____, so we all felt ____.
A. tiring ; tired B. tired ;tiring C. tiring ;tiring D. tired ; tired
23. The ____ morning, the father came into the lonely house,____ by his naughty boy.
A. following; followingB. followed; followed
C. following; followedD.followed; following
24. ____ these pictures, I couldn’t helpthinking of those days when I was in Beijing and ____ from the topof a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more magnificent.
A. Seeing; seen B. Seen;seeing C. Seeing;seeing D. Seen; seen
25. Mrs. White was glad to see the nurse ____ after her son andher daughter and was also pleased to see children well ____ care ofin the nursery.
A. looked; takenB. looking; takenC. looked; tookD. looking; taking
26. I was fortunate to pick up a wallet ____ on theground on the way home, but unfortunately for me, I found my colorTV set ____ when I got home.
A. lying; stolenB. laying;stealing C. lay;stolen D.lying; stealing
27. ____ better attention, the vegetables could have grownbetter with the sun shining brightly in the sky and ____ themlight.
A. Giving; given B. Given;given C. Giving; givingD. Given; giving
28. ____ his head high, the manager walked into the room toattend the meeting ____ then.
A. Holding; being held B. Held; holdingC. Having held; heldD. Held; to be held
29. ____ but he still could not understand it.
A. Told many timesB.Having been told many times
C. He has been told many timesD. Though hehad been told many times
30. On hearing the ____ news, I was too ____ to sleep.
A. exciting; excitedB. excited; exciting
C. exciting; excitingD. excited; excited
