爱华网英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。
虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句，这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。如：If time permits, we'll go fishingtogether.如果时间允许，我们就一起去钓鱼。
如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如： If you had come yesterday, youwould have met that famousprofessor.如果你昨天来，你就会见到那位著名的教授了。（隐含的事实是：你昨天没来，也没见到那位著名教授）。
虚拟语气的基本形式和用法在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。
1.含有条件状语从句的复合句
wish（wouldrather）+宾语从句
suggest（…）+宾语从句
2.主语从句Itis+adj./p.p/n.+that+S+(should)+do
表语从句S+isthat+s+(should)+do
同位语从句S+that+s+(should)+do
3.定语从句Itis(high)timethat+S+did
用过去式表现在情况
1.时态后退型用过去完成式表过去
两种形式用过去将来表将来
2.should+动词原形型
内容详述
I.含有条件状语从句的复合句(以do为例;S=主语)
时间条件状语从句主句
与现在事实相反的假设If+S+did…S+would/should/could/might+do…
与过去事实相反的假设If+S+haddone…S+would/should/could/might+havedone…
与将来事实相反的假设did…
If+Sshoulddo
weretodo
S+would/should/could/might+do…
注意事项：
1．倒装句。如果条件句中含有功能词had，should，were时，可以省去If，把功能词提前，构成倒装句。
2．错综条件句。若条件句和主句动作不存在同一个时间，则谓语形式应根据具体情况而定。
3．Ifthereweren't/hadnotbeen+…=without…
4．Ifitwerenotfor…/Ifithadn'tbeenfor…=butfor…
5．otherwise+虚拟语气的句子
6．虚拟语气的句子，but+陈述事实的句子
II.虚拟语气用在宾语从句中
sb.did…(希望现在用过去式)
1.wish+thatsb.haddone…（希望过去用过去完成式）
sb.would/shoulddo（希望将来用过去将来）
2.wouldrather后的从句要用虚拟语气。
时间从句
虚拟现在were,did(动词一般过去式)
虚拟过去haddone
虚拟将来did(动词一般过去式)
例：IwouldratherIhadn’tsaidsuchunkindthingstoyou.（虚拟过去）
I'dratheryoucameherefortheanswertomorrowmorning.（虚拟将来）
I’dratheryoupostedtheletterrightaway.(虚拟现在)
3.suggest+（that）S+should+do…
表示愿望、建议、请求等主观意向的动词之后的宾语从句，谓语用should＋动词原形，should常常省略。
这类词有：decide，demand，desire，insist，order，propose，suggest，recommend，requested，require等。
注意：
1.suggest当“建议”讲时，其宾语从句用虚拟语气；当“暗示、表明”时，用陈述语气
2.insist当坚持“看法或建议”时，宾语从句用虚拟语气；当坚持“某个事实”时，用陈述语气。
判断改错：（错）Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyou（should）beill.
（对）Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.
（错）Iinsistedthatyou（should）bewrong.
（对）Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.
III.虚拟语气用在主语从句中
Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that…等结构的主语从句，谓语动词用should加动词原形，should可省略。
Itis可用的词有三类that（should）do
suggested,ordered,required,proposed,demanded,requested,insisted等
important,necessary,natural,imperative,strange等
apity,ashame,nowonder等
IV．虚拟语气用在同位语从句中。
某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词后同位语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为(should)＋动词原形。
这类名词常见的有：advice，suggestion，proposal（提议），order，demand，desire，request，requirement，recommendation（推荐），plan，resolution（决议），idea等。
eg.Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussion(should)beputoff．
V．虚拟语气用在表语从句中。
某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时，表语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为(should)＋动词原形。
这类名词常见的有：advice，suggestion，proposal，order，demand，desire，request，requirement，recommendation以及plan，idea，resolution等。
eg.Mysuggestionisthatthemayor(should)presenttheprizes.
VI．虚拟语气用在定语从句中
Itis（about／high）time＋thatsb.didsth/shoulddosth..
eg.Don'tyouthinkit'sabouttimewewenthome？
注：在thisisthefirsttime／secondtimethat．．．句型中，从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。
eg.IsthisthefirsttimethatyouhavevisitedHongkong？
VII.虚拟语气用在让步、方式、目的状语从句中
1．在带有evenif/eventhough引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。如:Evenifhehadbeenill,hewouldhavegonetohisoffice.即使生了病，他俩去办公室。
2．由asif或asthough引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be用were)或“had十过去分词”。如:HetreatedmeasifIwereastranger.他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit.她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。
3．虚拟语气用在lest（唯恐、免得），forfearthat及incase引导的目的状语从句中。在由lest等引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气，表示“以防，以免”等意思，其谓语动词多由should＋动词原形构成，should也可省略。
eg.Hewaspunishedlestheshouldmakethesamemistakeagain．
VIII．虚拟语气用情感语言中
1．虚拟语气在表示客气、遗憾以及祝愿等场合中，使用虚拟语气。
eg.Youshouldn'thavebeenfollowinghimsoclosely；youshouldhavekeptyourdistance．
2．Ifonlysb./sth.+时态后退型的谓语
eg.IfonlyIhadknowntheresultoftheexamination.
IX.虚拟语气的特殊用法：
1. 省掉if的条件从句结构：
Hadyou asked me, I would have told you.
(=If you had asked me,…)
2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如：
A true friend wouldnot do such a thing.
(=If he were a true friend, hewould...)
3.有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：
If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all rightnow.
If I were you, I would have gone home.
虚拟语气练习题：
1.Ifyouwereoldenough,I________youtogothereyesterday.
A.willallowB.shouldallowC.wouldhaveallowedD.hadallowed
2.Thesecretarysuggestedthatthey________themeninatonce.
A.hadbroughtB.shouldhavebroughtC.broughtD.bring
3.__________Iyou,Iwouldgowithhimtotheparty.
A.WasB.HadbeenC.WillbeD.Were
4.Itisstrangethatsuchathing_________inyourclass.
A.willhappenB.happensC.shouldhappenD.happened
5.HowIwishI________torepairthewatch!Ionlymadeitworse.
A.hadtriedB.hadn'ttriedC.havetriedD.didn'ttry
6.Ifhe_______totheteacherattentively,he_______theanswertotheproblemnow.A.hadlistened,wouldhaveknownB.listened,wouldknow
C.listened,wouldhaveknownD.hadlistened,wouldknow
7.Iwasbusyyesterday,otherwiseI_______yourbirthdayparty.
A.attendedB.hadattendedC.wouldattendD.wouldhaveattended
8.IfonlyI_________howtooperateanelectroniccomputerasyoudo.
A.hadknownB.wouldknowC.shouldknowD.knew
9.Thetwostrangerstalksasifthey_______friendsforyears.
A.wereB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen
10.Itishightimewe_______upourresults.
A.sumB.summedC.willsumD.wouldsum
11ThelibrarianinsiststhatJohn_______nomorebooksfromthelibrarybeforehereturnsallthebookshehadborrowed.
A.willtakeB.tookC.takeD.takes
12.Butfortheguidanceofourinstructor(导师),we_______intheexperiment.
A.shouldn’tsucceedB.couldnothavesucceeded
C.willnotsucceedD.shouldnothavesucceeded
13.It’sabouttimepeople______noticeofwhatwomendidduringthewar.
A.takeB.tookC.havetakenD.willtake
14.Shecouldn'thaveansweredthequestionifshe________afewbooksonworld
history.
A.hadn’treadB.hasn’treadC.wouldn’treadD.didn’tread
15.Isn’titabouttimethatyou________topickupthevisitorsfromNewYork?
A.hadgoneB.shouldgoC.goD.willgo
16.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe________nothingwrongand______freeimmediately.
A.did;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.do;besetD.haddone;mustbeset
17.Youradvicethat______tillnextweekisreasonable.
A.shewaitsB.shewaitC.waitsheD.shewaited
18.Itwasessentialthatwe_________lease（条约、合同）beforetheend
ofthemonth.
A.signB.signedC.hadsignedD.weresigning
19.IwishthatI______withyoulastnight.
A.wentB.havegoneC.couldgoD.couldhavegone
20.HespeaksChinesesofluentlyasifhe______aChinese.
A.wereB.hadbeenC.isD.hasbeen
21.Lookingroundthetown,hefeltasthoughheawayforages.
A.hasbeenB.wasC.isD.hadbeen
22.ItisimportantthattheTOEFL___________officeyourregistration.
A.willconfirmB.confirmC.confirmsD.mustconfirm
23.IfIhadseenthemovie,I___________youallaboutitnow.
A.wouldtellB.willtellC.havetoldD.wouldhavetold
24.IhadhopedthatJohn______ayearinAfrica,buthestayedthereonlyforthreemonths.
A.spendsB.spentC.wouldspendD.willspend
25.I’dratheryouanythingaboutitforthetimebeing.
A.doB.didn’tdoC.don’tD.didn’t
26.Everybodyhasarrived.It’stimewetheclass.
A.shallstartB.wouldstartC.hadstartedD.shouldstart
27.theEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday
A.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.Asfor
28.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater，itlooksasifit________.
A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken
29.Shecouldn’thaveansweredthequestionifshe______afewbookson
worldhistory.
A.hadn’treadB.hasn’treadC.wouldn’treadD.didn’tread
30.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest,soitseemsasifthesun________roundtheearth.
A.werecirclingB.circlesC.iscirclingD.becircling
31.______thefog,weshouldhavereachedourdestination.
A.BecauseofB.InspiteofC.IncaseofD.Butfor
32.Butfortheguidanceofourinstructor(导师),we___intheexperiment.
A.shouldn’tsucceedB.couldnothavesucceed
C.willnotsucceedD.shouldnothavesucceeded
33.TheLawrequiresthateveryone_______hiscarcheckedatleastonceayear.
A.hasB.hadCwillhaveD.have
34.Irecommendedthatthestudent_______hiscompositionassoonaspossible.
A.finishingwritingB.shouldfinishthewritingC.finishwritingD.finishedwriting
35.Iwouldhavecalledyouupforhelphaditbeenpossible,butI_______yourphonenumberthen.
A.hadn’thadB.didn’thaveC.shouldn’thaveD.couldn’thave
36.Withoutelectricityhumanlife_________quitedifferenttoday.
A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe
37.IwishI___________youyesterday.
A.seenB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee
38.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you_________allrightnow.
A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen
39._________today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.
A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleave
40.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe__________there
A.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wasD.been
41.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater.Itlooksasifit___________.
A.breaksB.hadbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken
42.Hetreatedmeasthough_________hisownson.
A.IamB.IwouldbeC.IwasD.Iwere
43.IfonlyI_________acarofmyown.
A.haveB.hadC.wouldloveD.shouldhave
44.LookatthetroubleI’min!IfonlyI_________youradvice.(2003上海)
A.followedB.wouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.shouldfollow
45.Ifonlyhe_______quietlyasthedoctorinstructed.
A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlie
II.Translation
1.我不知道他的电话号码，否则我就打电话给他了。
2.他本可以给你更多的帮助，即使他很忙。
3.---如果可能的话你会不会打电话给他？
---会的，不过我当时在忙着做家庭作业呢。
4．如果你昨晚没有看电影到那么晚的话，你现在就不会这么困了。
5.没有电，今天人类的生活就完全不同了。
Keys
I.1-5CDDCB6-10ADDDB11-15CBBAA16-20BBADA
21-25DBACB26-30BBCAA31-35DBDCB36-40DCCCA41-45CDBCC
II.
1．Ididn'tknowhistelephonenumber,otherwiseIwouldhavetelephonedhim.
2．Hemighthavegivenyoumorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.
3．----Wouldyouhavecalledheruphaditbeenpossible?
----Yes,butIwerebusydoingmyhomework.
4．Ifyouhadn’tseenthatfilmlatelastnight,youwouldn'tbesosleepy.
5．Withoutelectricity,humanlifewouldbequitedifferenttoday.
