爱华网过去分词与形容词作状语讲解与练习
一、过去分词的特征
1．及物动词的过去分词既表被动，也表完成。
The books, written by Lu Xun(=whichwere written by Lu Xun), are popular with many Chinesepeople．鲁迅写的这些书，受到了许多国人的喜爱。
2．不及物动词的过去分词只表完成，不表被动。
The boy is gatheringfallen leaves(=leaves that have fallen)．小男孩正在收集落叶。
二、过去分词的句法功能
过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。
1．作表语。过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。
He is quite pleasedwith the design of the dress．他很喜欢那礼服的式样。(表示主语的心理感觉)
Don’t touch theglass because it is broken．不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的。(表示主语所处的状态)
The shops haveremained shut for a week．这些商店关门一周了。
【点津】过去分词作表语时，形式上和动词的被动语态结构相似，但两者表达的意义不同。由过去分词作表语构成的系表结构强调主语的特点或所处的状态，构成被动语态的过去分词．则强调动作。
The book is wellwritten．这本书写得很好。(系表结构，表示主语的特点)
The book was writtenby Lu Xun．这本书是鲁迅写的。 (被动结构，表示动作)
2．作定语。单个过去分词作定语常放在被修饰词的前面，过去分词短语放在被修饰词的后面。
pollutedwater被污染的水
a brokenglass一个被打破的玻璃杯
atrained nurse一名训练有素的护士
the risensun升起了的太阳
Weonly sell used books in our bookstore． 我们书店只卖用过的书。
They bought a new machine made in Shanghai．他们买了一台上海产的新机器。
【点津】
(1) 有些单个的过去分词，像left(剩余的)．concerned (有关的)等，习惯上用作后置定语。
standingroom left所剩的立足之地
thepeopleconcerned有关人士
(2)过去分词修饰something，anything，everything，nothing，anybody，somebody，nobody，everybody等不定代词或指示代词those时，要放在这些词的后面。
Those invitedwill be present at the meeting tomorrow．
被邀请的那些人要出席明天的会议。(invited作those的定语需后置)
3．作补足语。作宾补的过去分词一般都来自及物动词，和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。可以带过去分词作宾语补足语的有：see，hear，watch，feel，think，find等表示感觉和心理状态的动词和have，make，get等使役动词，以及with的复合结构。
The boy found himself lost inthe forest． 那个男孩发现自己在森林里迷路了。
When you are making aspeech，you should speak louder to make yourself heard．
在作报告时，你应该大点声使自己被人听清。
He sat there，with his handstied behind．他坐在那里，手被捆在后面。
【点津】由主动语态变为被动语态后，原来的宾语补足语即成为主语补足语。
One of the glasses was foundbroken．有人发现其中一个杯子破了。
They should be kept informed ofthe situation there．应该让他们知道那儿的形势。
4．作状语。过去分词作状语时与现在分词一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
(1)表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。
Whencompleted．the museum will be open to the public next year.
博物馆竣工后，明年将对大众开
(2) 表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Encouragedby the speech，the young people made up their minds to take up thestruggle．
受到了演讲的鼓舞，年轻人决定从事斗争。
(3) 表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。
Givenanother chance，he will do better．再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。
(4)表示让步，相当于一个though／although引导的让步状语从句。
Laughedat by many people，he continued his study．
尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。
(5) 表示方式或伴随情况。
Theold man went into the room，supported by his wife．
那个老人在他妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。
【点津】
(1)过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态。通常情况下，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者，也就是说，过去分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系。
When asked why he came here，the boykept silent．
当那个男孩被问到为何来这里时，他沉默不语。(过去分词asked与句子的主语the boy之间构成被动关系)
(2)动词的过去分词的一些固定结构也可在句中作状语，但不受后面句子的主语限制，也就是说，该过去分词不和主语构成被动关系。
Provided(that)there is no opposition，weshall hold the meeting there．
如果没有人反对，我们将在那里开会。(provided在此充当连词，意为“如果，只要”，等于providing)
三、充当形容词的现在分词和过去分词的区别
充当形容词的现在分词和过去分词在用法上有许多相似之处，它们的主要区别如下：
1．现在分词常用来修饰物，说明主语的性质或特征，意为“令人……”。
The news wasreally exciting．这消息真是令人激动。
2．过去分词常用来修饰人，说明主语所处的状态，意为“感到……”。
She was toodisappointed to say a word．她太失望了，说不出一句话。
【点津】过去分词也可修饰与人直接有关的事物。如：expression, look,face等。
The boylooked up with a pleased expression．男孩抬起头，露出了欣喜的神情。
●●考点例析
◆◆ 考点一：过去分词作定语与不定式(to be done)和现在分词(being done)作定语的区别。
(1) 过去分词作定语表示一个被动或者完成的动作；
(2) 不定式一般式的被动语态表示一个将要被做的动作；
(3) 现在分词一般式的被动语态表示一个正在被做的动作。
试比较：
a bridge built last year 一座去年修建的大桥
a bridge to be built next year一座下一年将要修建的大桥
a bridge being built now 一座正在修建的大桥
◆◆考点二：在with复合结构中，过去分词作宾语补足语与其他非谓语动词作补足语的区别。
在with复合结构中，过去分词作宾语补足语时与宾语之间被动和完成的关系；现在分词与宾语时主动关系；而不定式表示将来发生的动作。
◆◆考点三：系动词后接过去分词作表语的用法表状态的系动词如remain等后接过去分词作表语的用法由过去分词作表语构成的系表结构强调主语的特点和所处的状态，此时过去分词已形容词化。高考中常考查remain后接过去分词作表语的用法。
基础题训练与高考题精练
一、用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空
1. The experience ___________ (gain)will be of great value for us.
2. He continued to walk up anddown，___________ (lost) in thought．
3. We are also learning that truthfulinformation，humanely(仁慈地) ___________ (convey)，helps patients copewith illness．
4. With the problem___________(solve)，the meeting came to an end.
5. Everything ___________ (consider),it is possible for their factory to raise the output quickly．
6. On these questions，we have made ourviews ___________ (understand)．
7. When ___________ (turn) on，the radiostill does not work．
8. Once___________ (recover)，he threwhimself into his work and made every effort to do it well.
9. ___________ (see) his mother，thebaby burst into laughter．
10. Returning home，the woman found allthe windows ___________ (break)．
二、过去分词高考题
1. The disc, digitally _____ in thestudio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. (04上海)
A. recordedB. recordingC. to be recordedD. having recorded
2. Don’t use words, expressions, orphrases______ only to people with specific knowledge. (02上海)
A. being knownB. having been known C. to be knownD. known
3. A man is being questioned inrelation to the ________ murder last night.（04江苏）
A.advisedB.attended C.attemptedD. admitted
4. The prize of the game show is$30,000 and an all expenses ________ vacation to China. (05北京)
A.payingB. paidC. to bepaidD. being paid
5. There have been several new events________ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.（2006北京卷）
A.addB. to addC. addingD. added
6 Five people won the “China’s GreenFigure’ award, a title ____ to ordinary people for theircontributions to environmental protection. （2006山东卷）
A. beinggivenB. is givenC. givenD. was given
7.“Things______nevercomeagain!”Icouldn’thelptalkingtomyself.（07湖南卷）
A.lostB.losingC.toloseD.havelost
8. The first textbooks_____ forteaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16thcentury.
A. having writtenB. to be writtenC. being writtenD. written (1994)
9. The trees __________ in the stormhave been moved off the road. （08湖南卷）
A. being blowndown B. blown downC. blowing downD. to blow down
10. The players ______ from the wholecountry are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
A.selectingB. toselectC.selectedD. having selected (11湖南)
11. We finished the run in less thanhalf the time ________.（08江西卷）
A.allowingB. to allowC.allowedD. allows
12. It is one of the funniest things___________ on the Internet so far this year. （08浙江卷）
A.findingB. beingfoundC. tofindD. found
13. The repairs cost a lot, but it’smoney well____. （05湖北卷）
A. tospendB. spentC. being spentD. spending
14. Now that we’ve discussed ourproblem, are people happy with thedecisions?（09全国卷I）
A.takingB.takeC. takenD.to take
15. I'm calling to enquire about theposition______in yesterday's China Daily.
A.advertised B. to beadvertised C.advertisingD. having advertised www.ks5u.com/gaokao/beijing
16. The murderer was brought in, withhis hands__________ behind his back. (91)
A. being tiedB. having tiedC. to be tiedD. tied
17. The managers discussed the planthat they would like to see______ the next year. (2000)
A. carry outB. carrying outC. carried outD. to carry out
18. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith willsuggest a good way to have her written Englishina short period. [2007 福建卷]
A.improvedB. improvingC. toimproveD. improve
19. Even the best writers sometimesfind themselves ______ for words. （2011浙江卷）
A. loseB. lostC. to loseD. having lost
20. Michael put up a picture of YaoMing beside the bed to keep himself ________ of his owndreams.（2011重庆卷）
A.remindingB. toremindC.reminded D. remind
21. Lucy has a great sense of humor andalways keeps her colleagues _______ with her stories.
A. amusedB.amusing C. toamuseD. to be amused （10上海）
22. Laws that punish parents for theirlittle children’s actions against the laws getparents.
A.worriedB. toworryC. worryingD. worry （04重庆）
23. The research is so designed thatonce______ nothing can be done to change it. (2002广东)
A. beginsB. having begunC. beginningD. begun
24. ____________ some officials,Napoleon inspected his army. (1984)
A. FollowedB. Followed by
C. Being followedD. Having been followed by
25. When first______ to the market,these products enjoyed great success.（04全国II）
A. introducingB. introducedC. introduceD. being introduced
26. It shames me to say it, but I tolda lie when ________ at the meeting by my boss. （04全国IV）
A. questioningB. have questionedC. questionedD. to be questioned
27. Generally speaking, ______according to directions, the drug has no side-effect. (2003上海)
A. when takingB. when takenC. when to takeD. when to be taken
28.withthe size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem bigat all.（04湖北）
A. CompareB. WhencomparingC. ComparingD. When compared
29. ______from other continents formillions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not foundin any other country in the world. （05湖北卷）
A. BeingseparatedB. Havingseparated
C. Having beenseparatedD. To be separated
30. ______ in a white uniform, he looksmore like a cook than a doctor.（05湖南卷）
A.DressedB. TodressC. DressingD. Having dressed
31. ______ into use in April 2000, thehotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supplybreakdowns. （05上海卷）
A. PutB. PuttingC. Having putD. Being put
32. ______for the breakdown of theschool computer network, Alice was in low spirits.（06福建）
A.BlamingB.BlamedC. ToblameD. To be blamed
33.______byagreaterdemandforvegetables,farmershavebuiltmoregreenhouse.（07浙江卷）
A.DrivenB.BeingdrivenC.TodriveD.Havingdriven
34. Ideally ___ for Broadway theatreand Fifth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a favorite with manyguests. (08上海卷)
A.locatingB. beinglocatedC. having been located D.located
35. _________ the right kind oftraining, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into theinternational stars. （09江西卷22）
A.GivingB. Havinggiven C. TogiveD. Given
36.________withadifficultsituation,Arnolddecidedtoaskhisbossforadvice.(05北京春)
A.TofaceB. HavingfacedC. FacedD. Facing
37. ________ not to miss the flight at15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.（09福建）
A.RemindingB.RemindedC. ToremindD. Having reminded
38. No matter how frequently,the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.（2006广东卷）
A. performedB.performingC. to beperformedD. being performed
39.Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft,themostrecent_________atthe end of last March. (07山东)
A.hasbeenlaunchedB.havingbeenlaunched
C.beinglaunchedD.tobelaunched
40.Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessons_______fortheday.（07重庆）
A.finishingB.finishedC.hadfinishedD.werefinished
41. In April, thousands ofholidaymakersremainedabroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.(2010)
A.stickingB. stuckC. to be stuckD. to have stuck
Keys: 1-5ADCBD6-10 CADBC 11-15 CDBCA16-20 DCABC
21-25 AADBB 26-30CBDCA31-35 ABADD36-41 CBABBB
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