国内的英语考试，无论高考、四六级、还是考研，都有个大纲，考试中出现的单词都源于大纲中的词汇表。托福考试没有大纲，也没有词汇表，考试中出现的单词直接来自英语国家的大学教材和报刊杂志，个别单词非常生僻，考生肯定不认识。你也没必要认识。你只需掌握下面的单词即可。

学术词汇表( AWL: Academic Word List ) 的编辑者 Averil Coxhead 是新西兰梅西大学（ Massey University, New Zealand ）的语言学教授。她先从报刊杂志、因特网和大学的教科书中收集了400份，共3500万字的学术文献，内容涉及艺术、商业、法律、科学四大学术领域中28个不同的专业。

然后她数出不同单词的出现频率，从中选出了570个核心词汇（headword），加上3000个扩展词，一共3570词，构成了学界公认的学术词汇表AWL。AWL中的任何一个单词在全部文献（3500万字）中出现的频率均高于100，在四个学术领域中出现的频率均高于10次。注意，是均高于10次。如果一个单词只在一个领域里出现频率高，在其它三个领域却很少见到，这个单词是不会被收录的。因此，这份词汇表对阅读普通学术类文章，听学术类讲座（lecture），意义非常重大。

Averil Coxhead 把这份词汇表分成10个子表（sublist），从子表一到子表十，按照使用频率由高到低排列。也就是说，子表一中的单词在学术类文章中出现的频率最高，如第一个单词sector；子表十中的单词出现频率最低，如最后一个单词collapse。下面这两个链接包含全部570个核心单词的英文解释和用法：

http://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Academic_word_list#Sublist_10

http://www.uefap.com/vocab/select/awl.htm

下面这个链接提供在线练习题。因为有句子和上下文，效果非常好：

http://www.academicvocabularyexercises.com/id17.htm

相信这三个链接能帮助所有的托福iBT（包括雅思）考生，打下坚实的词汇基础。

其他较权威的托福词汇表，供参考：

http://www.eduers.com/toeflibt/TOEFL_Vocabulary.htm

http://www.southampton.liunet.edu/academic/pau/course/webword.htm

Wiktionary:Academic word list

Introduction

TheAcademic Word List (AWL) was developed by Averil Coxhead atthe School of Linguistics and Applied Language Studies at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. The listcontains 570 word families which were selected because they appearwith great frequency in a broad range of academic texts. The listdoes not include words that are in the most frequent 2000 words ofEnglish (the General Service List), thus making it specific to academiccontexts. The AWL was primarily made so that it could be used byteachers as part of a programme preparing learners for tertiarylevel study or used by students working alone to learn the wordsmost needed to study at colleges and universities.

The 570 words are divided into 10 sublists. The sublists areordered such that the words in the first sublist are the mostfrequent words and those in the last sublist are the leastfrequent.

List

Sublist 1

sector• available •financial •process • individual •specific •principle •estimate •variables •method • data •research •contract •environment •export • source• assessment •policy • identified •create • derived • factors • procedure •definition •assume • theory• benefit • evidence •established •authority •major • issues •labour • occur •economic •involved •percent • interpretation• consistent •income • structure •legal • concept • formula • section • required •constitutional• analysis •distribution •function •area • approach •role • legislation •indicate •response •period • context • significant •similar •

Sublist 2

community •resident •range • construction •strategies •elements •previous •conclusion •security •aspects • acquisition •features •text • commission •regulations •computer •items • consumer •achieve • final •positive •evaluation •assistance •normal • relevant •distinction •region • traditional •impact • consequences •chapter • equation •appropriate •resources •participation• survey • potential •cultural •transfer •select • credit• affect • categories •perceived •sought • focus •purchase •injury • site •journal • primary • complex • institute •investment •administration• maintenance •design • obtained • restricted •conduct •

Sublist 3

comments •convention •published •framework •implies • negative •dominant •illustrated •outcomes •constant •shift • deduction •ensure • specified •justification• funds • reliance •physical •partnership •location •link • coordination •alternative •initial • validity •task • techniques •excluded •consent • proportion •demonstrate •reaction •criteria •minorities •technology •philosophy •removed • sex •compensation •sequence •corresponding •maximum • circumstances• instance •considerable •sufficient •corporate •interaction •contribution •immigration •component •constraints •technical •emphasis •scheme • layer •volume • document •registered •core •

Sublist 4

overall • emerged • regime• implementation• project • hence •occupational •internal •goals • retained • sum •integration •mechanism •parallel •imposed • despite • job •parameters •approximate •label • concentration• principal •series • predicted •summary • attitudes •undertaken •cycle • communication• ethnic • hypothesis •professional •status • conference •attributed •annual • obvious • error •implications •apparent •commitment •subsequent •debate • dimensions •promote • statistics •option • domestic •output • access• code • investigation• phase • prior •granted • stress• civil • contrast •resolution •adequate •

Sublist 5

alter •stability •energy • aware •licence • enforcement •draft • styles •precise • medical • pursue• symbolic •marginal •capacity •generation •exposure •decline • academic •modified • external •psychology •fundamental •adjustment •ratio • whereas • enable• version • perspective •contact • network • facilitate •welfare • transition •amendment •logic • rejected • expansion •clause • prime •target • objective •sustainable •equivalent •liberal • notion• substitution •generated •trend • revenue • compounds •evolution •conflict •image • discretion •entities • orientation •consultation •mental • monitoring •challenge •

Sublist 6

intelligence •transformation• presumption •acknowledged •utility • furthermore •accurate •diversity •attached • recovery •assigned • tapes •motivation •bond • edition • nevertheless •transport •cited • fees • scope •enhanced •incorporated •instructions •subsidiary •input • abstract •ministry •capable • expert• preceding •display • incentive •inhibition •trace • ignored • incidence •estate • cooperative •revealed • index •lecture • discrimination• overseas •explicit •aggregate •gender • underlying •brief • domain• rational •minimum • interval •neutral • migration •flexibility •federal • author• initiatives •allocation •exceed •

Sublist 7

intervention •confirmed •definite •classical •chemical •voluntary •release • visible • finite• publication •channel • file •thesis • ————equipment •disposal •solely • deny •identical •submitted •grade • phenomenon •paradigm •ultimately •extract • survive • converted •transmission •global • inferred• guarantee •advocate •dynamic • simulation •topic • insert• reverse • decades • comprise •hierarchical •unique • comprehensive• couple • mode •differentiation• eliminate •priority •empirical •ideology •somewhat •aid• foundation •adults • adaptation •quotation •contrary •media • successive •innovation •prohibited •isolated •

Sublist 8

highlighted •eventually •inspection •termination •displacement •arbitrary •reinforced •denote • offset• exploitation •detected • abandon • random• revision •virtually •uniform • predominantly• thereby • implicit •tension • ambiguous •vehicle • clarity • conformity •contemporary •automatically• accumulation •appendix •widespread •infrastructure• deviation •fluctuations •restore • guidelines •commodity •minimises •practitioners• radical • plus •visual • chart •appreciation •prospect •dramatic •contradiction• currency •inevitably •complement •accompany •paragraph •induced • schedule •intensity •crucial • via •exhibit • bias •manipulation •theme • nuclear •

Sublist 9

bulk •behalf • unified• commenced •erosion • anticipated •minimal • ceases •vision • mutual• norms • intermediate •manual • supplementary• incompatible •concurrent •ethical • preliminary •integral •conversely •relaxed • confined •accommodation• temporary •distorted •passive • subordinate •analogous •military •scenario •revolution •diminished •coherence •suspended •mature • assurance •rigid • controversy •sphere • mediation •format • trigger • qualitative •portion • medium• coincide •violation •device • insights •refine • devoted • team •overlap • attained • restraints •inherent •route • protocol •founded • duration •

Sublist 10

whereby • inclination •encountered •convinced •assembly •albeit • enormous •reluctant •posed • persistent •undergo • notwithstanding• straightforward• panel • odd •intrinsic •compiled •adjacent •integrity •forthcoming •conceived •ongoing • so-called •likewise •nonetheless •levy • invoked • colleagues •depression •collapse •

Other websites

For moreinformation about the AWL, please see MasseyUniversity - New Zealand's defining university

For more practice with the words from the AWL, please see

1.Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。

2.Godhelps those who help themselves. 天助自助者。

3.Easiersaid than done. 说起来容易做起来难。

4.Wherethere is a will,there is a way. 有志者事竟成。

5.Onefalse step will make a great difference. 失之毫厘，谬之千里。

6.Slowand steady wins the race. 稳扎稳打无往而不胜。

7.A fallinto the pit,a gain in your wit. 吃一堑，长一智。

8.Experience is the mother of wisdom.实践出真知。

9.Allwork and no play makes jack a dull boy. 只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。

10.Beautywithout virtue is a rose withoutfragrance.无德之美犹如没有香味的玫瑰，徒有其表。

11.Morehasty,less speed. 欲速则不达。

12.Itsnever too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。

13.Allthat glitters is not gold. 闪光的未必都是金子。

14.Ajourney of a thousand miles begins with a singlestep.千里之行始于足下。

15.Lookbefore you leap. 三思而后行。

16.Romewas not built in a day. 伟业非一日之功。

17.Greatminds think alike. 英雄所见略同。

18.wellbegun,half done. 好的开始等于成功的一半。

19.It ishard to please all. 众口难调。

20.Out ofsight,out of mind. 眼不见，心不念。

21.Factsspeak plainer than words. 事实胜于雄辩。

22.Callback white and white back. 颠倒黑白。

23.Firstthings first. 凡事有轻重缓急。

24.Illnews travels fast. 坏事传千里。

25.Afriend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。

26.livenot to eat,but eat to live. 活着不是为了吃饭，吃饭为了活着。

27.Actionspeaks louder than words. 行动胜过语言。

28.Eastor west,home is the best. 金窝银窝不如自家草窝。

29.Itsnot the gay coat that makes the gentleman. 君子在德不在衣。

30.Beautywill buy no beef. 漂亮不能当饭吃。

31.Likeand like make good friends. 趣味相投。

32.Theolder, the wiser. 姜是老的辣。

33.Do asRomans do in Rome. 入乡随俗。

34.Anidle youth,a needy age. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。

35.As thetree,so the fruit. 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。

36.Tolive is to learn,to learn is to betterlive.活着为了学习，学习为了更好的活着

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