刘善仁
山东诸城一中
(本文已发表于《中学生知识报》1994.2期)
1、在“the same…as”和“such…as”结构中,as是关系代词,引导非限制性定语从句,as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。如:
⑴.Is it the same tree as can live everywhere?
⑵.I live in the same city as he (live in).
⑶.China is no longer the same as it used to be.
⑷.I wish there would be such a machine as can work out all theproblems.
⑸.We hope to get such a tool as he is using.
⑹.Such man as he is isn’t dealt with.
2、防止“the same/ such+先行词+as”的定势干扰。
⑴.we’ll meet at the sameplacewevisited last time.
⑵.we’ll meet at the sameplacewemet last time.
⑶.such a comfortableroomyoulive in in your childhood seemed unthinkable.
⑷.such a comfortableroomyoulived in your childhood seemed unthinkable.
A.asB.whereC.whichD.that
句⑵和句⑷中的定语从句引导词并非做从句中动词或介词的宾语,故不可选用关系代词as,这里要用关系副词where引导定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词。
另外,It is such fine weather that we all want to goout.虽然句中用了such,但这里不用as,要用连词that引导结果状语从句。
3、as引导的非限制性定语从句,可以用来指代整个主语或主语的一部分内容,在这种情况下,as和which有时可以交换使用,有时又不可以交换。除了as引导的非限制性定语从句可放主语之前而which引导的从句不可以外,笔者体会,as的用法还有下列几种情况,以区别于which。
(1)、as引导的非限制性定语从句,对主句的内容起积极的作用,反之则应用which.使比较:
Mother gave him some money,as was a pleasure to him.
母亲给他些钱,这使他很高兴。
Mother gave him some advice,which made him unhappy.
母亲给他提了点建议,这使他很不高兴.
(2)、强调成分不同。As强调主句内容,which强调从句内容。如:
Her speech was wonderful,as we had expected.
正如我们所期盼的那样,她的发言棒极了。
His father died,which made him very sad.
他父亲去世了,这使他很悲伤。
(3)、在非限制性定语从句中,谓语是系词be时,常用as作主语,而谓语是实义动词时,则用which作主语。如:
Tom is late for class,as is often the case.
汤姆迟到了,他往往是这样。
They are hollow,which makes them very light.
都是空心的,这使它们重量很轻。
(4)、as引导的非限制性定语从句要与主句语义一致。如果主句为肯定句,从句用否定句,则一般用which引导。如:
Mr. Johnson is a teacher,as is clear from his manner.
约翰逊先生是位教师,这从他的举止可以看出来。
He has to work on Sundays,which he doesn’t like.
他必须在星期天工作,他不喜欢这样。
(5)、as含有“正如……”的意思,常与表示“判断、了解,指出”等意思的动词连用,作这些动词的宾语,或该动词用被动语态,as作主语。
She believed the fact, as had been expected.(as作主语)
As we know now, bats come out only at night.(as作宾语)
这些as引导的,被动结构的非限制性定语从句,已构成固定的形式和固定 的译文。(6)、as不能用于“介词+关系代词”结构引导定语从句。如只能说:Hefinished his work,after which he sat some time reading thenewspaper.他完成了他的工作,之后他坐着看了一会儿报纸。Which不能用as代替。