By 与 through的区别
1.by
(1)表示方法,手段。即“用..., 通过...以…方式
”相当于b y means of 如:
All work had to be done by hand 所有的工作都是手工进行的。
He makes a living by teaching 他以教书为生。
Ithappened through no fault of mine.这件事的发生,并非由于我的任何过错。
Hesaluted her by raising his hat.他举起帽子向她致意。
She earned money bywriting.她靠写作挣钱。
根据;按照to play by therules按规则比赛
相差His horse won by a nose.他的马以一鼻之差取胜。
(2)表示传达、传递的方式或煤介。如:
How did you send the letter, by airmail or by ordinary mail?
你是怎么发送的这信,是通过航天邮件还是普通邮件?
(3)表示用交通工具、通讯工具后接名词单数,不加冠词。如:
He came by train, but his wife came by bus.他是乘火车来的,可是他老婆是坐公共汽车来的。
注意下面两句的区别:
Did you come by train? =Did you come in his car / on my bike?
“by +抽象名词”构成的词组有:
byaccident / by chance / by diligence / by effort / by force / byheart / by luck / by mistake / by hard work.
(4)指数量增加或减少到的程度,相差。
We lost the match by one goal 我们仅以一球之差输了比赛。
(5)根据,按照
pay sb by the hour /day/week
Sell sth by the pound /meter/ dozen
sell sth by weight/length
As a rule,domestic servants doing odd jobs are paid by the hour通常,家政服务是按照小时计酬的。
Theymarched by night.他们夜里进军。
2. through
(1) 表示“以;通过;经由”。如:
He succeeded through hard work.
(2) 空间上通过,透过,经过
Light comes in through the window。光线从窗户进来。
(3) 时间上通过, 自始至终,从头到尾经过
He often works through the night 他常常通宵工作。
注意:在表示手段表示“藉着;以…;经由”时,by, through有时也可换用。如:
Through his efforts he succeeded in making so many usefulinventions.
By his efforts he succeeded in making so manyuseful inventions
He became rich through hard work.他靠努力工作而致富。
3、固定搭配
1)through
through:透;彻底
be wet through浑身湿透
through:自始至终,从头到尾
Have you read the letter through?你看完信了吗?
through:情况好;取得成功
I got through with good marks.我考的成绩很好。
through:打通,接通(电话)
Can you put me through to MrJones?请帮我接通琼斯先生的电话。
through:做完的;完成的;完毕的
I'm not through just yet.我还没做完。
through:从头到尾
travel through the country游遍全国
go through a bottle of wine喝完一瓶酒
through the ages 古往今来
Youare through.[英]你要的电话接通了。
Are you through?[美]你的电话打完了吗?
2) by
byand by不久以后;不一会儿
by and large全盘;总的来说
in days gone by昔日
put your work by for a minute把你的工作稍搁片刻
These oranges were put by for the winter.
这些桔子被储存起来留冬天吃。