爱华网http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Roman_Catholic_cleric–scientists
Many Roman Catholic clerics[1] throughout history have madesignificant contributions to science. These cleric-scientistsinclude such illustrious names as Nicolaus Copernicus, GregorMendel, Georges Lemaître, Albertus Magnus, Roger Bacon, PierreGassendi, Roger Joseph Boscovich, Marin Mersenne, Francesco MariaGrimaldi, Nicole Oresme, Jean Buridan, Robert Grosseteste,Christopher Clavius, Nicolas Steno, Athanasius Kircher, GiovanniBattista Riccioli, William of Ockham, and others listed below. TheCatholic Church has also produced many lay scientists andmathematicians.
The Jesuits in particular have made numerous significantcontributions to the development of science. For example, theJesuits have dedicated significant study to earthquakes, andseismology has been described as "the Jesuit science."[2][3] TheJesuits have been described as "the single most importantcontributor to experimental physics in the seventeenth century."[4]According to Jonathan Wright in his book God's Soldiers, by theeighteenth century the Jesuits had "contributed to the developmentof pendulum clocks, pantographs, barometers, reflecting telescopesand microscopes, to scientific fields as various as magnetism,optics and electricity. They observed, in some cases before anyoneelse, the colored bands on Jupiter’s surface, the Andromeda nebulaand Saturn’s rings. They theorized about the circulation of theblood (independently of Harvey), the theoretical possibility offlight, the way the moon effected the tides, and the wave-likenature of light."[5]
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Lorenzo Albacete (1941) Priest physicist andtheologian
José de Acosta (1539–1600) – Jesuit missionary and naturalist whowrote one of the very first detailed and realistic descriptions ofthe new world
François d'Aguilon (1567–1617) – Belgian Jesuit mathematician,physicist, and architect.
Albert of Saxony (philosopher) (c. 1320–1390) – German bishop knownfor his contributions to logic and physics; with Buridan he helpeddevelop the theory that was a precursor to the modern theory ofinertia[6]
Albertus Magnus (c. 1206–1280) – Dominican friar and Bishop ofRegensberg who has been described as "one of the most famousprecursors of modern science in the High Middle Ages."[7] Patronsaint of natural sciences; Works in physics, logic, metaphysics,biology, and psychology.
Giulio Alenio (1582-1649) - Jesuit theologian, astronomer andmathematician. He was sent to the Far East as a missionary andadopted a Chinese name and customs. He wrote 25 books including acosmography and a Life of Jesus in Chinese.
José María Algué (1856–1930) – Priest and meteorologist whoinvented the barocyclonometer
José Antonio de Alzate y Ramírez (1737–1799) – Priest, scientist,historian, cartographer, and meteorologist who wrote more thanthirty treatises on a variety of scientificsubjects
Francesco Castracane degli Antelminelli (1817–1899) – Priest andbotanist who was one of the first to introduce microphotographyinto the study of biology
Giovanni Antonelli (1818–1872) – Priest and director of theXimenian Observatory of Florence who also collaborated on thedesign of a prototype of the internal combustionengine
Nicolò A
rrighetti (1709–1767) – Jesuit who wrote treatises on light, heat,and electricity.
Giuseppe Asclepi (1706–1776) – Jesuit astronomer and physician whoserved as director of the Collegio Romano observatory; The lunarcrater Asclepi is named after him.
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Roger Bacon (c. 1214–1294) – Franciscan friar who made significantcontributions to mathematics and optics and has been described as aforerunner of modern scientific method.
Bernardino Baldi (1533–1617) – Abbot, mathematician, andwriter
Eugenio Barsanti (1821–1864) – Piarist who is the possible inventorof the internal combustion engine
Bartholomeus Amicus (1562–1649) – Jesuit wrote on philosophy,mathematics, astronomy, and the concept of vacuum and itsrelationship with God.
Daniello Bartoli (1608–1685) – Bartoli and fellow Jesuit astronomerNiccolò Zucchi are credited as probably having been the first tosee the equatorial belts on the planet Jupiter
Joseph Bayma (1816–1892) – Jesuit known for work in stereochemistryand mathematics
Giacopo Belgrado (1704–1789) – Jesuit professor of mathematics andphysics and court mathematician who did experimental work inphysics
Mario Bettinus (1582–1657) – Jesuit philosopher, mathematician andastronomer; lunar crater Bettinus named after him
Giuseppe Biancani (1566–1624) – Jesuit astronomer, mathematician,and selenographer, after whom the crater Blancanus on the Moon isnamed
Jacques de Billy (1602–1679) – Jesuit who has produced a number ofresults in number theory which have been named after him; publishedseveral astronomical tables; The crater Billy on the Moon is namedafter him.
Paolo Boccone (1633–1704) – Cistercian botanist who contributed tothe fields of medicine and toxicology
Bernard Bolzano (1781–1848) – Priest, mathematician, and logicianwhose other interests included metaphysics, ideas, sensation, andtruth.
Anselmus de Boodt (1550–1632) – Canon who was one of the foundersof mineralogy
Theodoric Borgognoni (1205–1298) – Domincan friar, Bishop ofCervia, and medieval Surgeon who made important contributions toantiseptic practice and anaesthetics
Christopher Borrus (1583–1632) – Jesuit mathematician and astronomywho made observations on the magnetic variation of thecompass
Roger Joseph Boscovich (1711–1787) – Jesuit polymath known for hiscontributions to modern atomic theory andastronomy
Joachim Bouvet (1656–1730) – Jesuit sinologist and cartographer whodid his work in China
Michał Boym (c. 1612–1659) – Jesuit who was one of the firstwesterners to travel within the Chinese mainland, and the author ofnumerous works on Asian fauna, flora andgeography.
Thomas Bradwardine (c. 1290–1349) – Archbishop of Canturbury andmathematician who helped develop the mean speed theorem; one of theOxford Calculators
Henri Breuil (1877–1961) – Priest, archaeologist, anthropologist,ethnologist and geologist.
Jan Brożek (1585–1652) – Polish canon, polymath, mathematician,astronomer, and physician; the most prominent Polish mathematicianof the 17th century
Louis-Ovide Brunet (1826–1876) – Priest who was one of the foundingfathers of Canadian botany
Francesco Faà di Bruno (c. 1825–1888) – Priest and mathematicianbeatified by Pope John Paul II
Ismaël Bullialdus (1605–1694) – Priest, astronomer, and member ofthe Royal Society; the Bullialdus crater is named in hishonor
Jean Buridan (c. 1300 – after 1358) – Priest who formulated earlyideas of momentum and inertial motion and sowed the seeds of theCopernican revolution in Europe
Roberto Busa (1913-2011) - Jesuit wrote a lemmatization of thecomplete works of St. Thomas Aquinas (Index Thomisticus) which waslater digitalized by IBM.
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Niccolò Cabeo (1586–1650) – Jesuit mathematician; the crater Cabeusis named in his honor
Nicholas Callan (1799–1846) – Priest & Irishscientist best known for his work on the inductioncoil
Jean Baptiste Carnoy (1836–1899) – Priest who has been called thefounder of the science of cytology
Giovanni di Casali (died c. 1375) – Franciscan friar who provided agraphical analysis of the motion of acceleratedbodies
Paolo Casati (1617–1707) – Jesuit mathematician who wrote onastronomy and vacuums; The crater Casatus on the Moon is namedafter him.
Laurent Cassegrain (1629–1693) – Priest who was the probablenamesake of the Cassegrain telescope; The crater Cassegrain on theMoon is named after him
Benedetto Castelli (1578–1643) – Benedictine mathematician;long-time friend and supporter of Galileo Galilei, who was histeacher; wrote an important work on fluids inmotion
Bonaventura Cavalieri (1598–1647) – Jesuate known for his work onthe problems of optics and motion, work on the precursors ofinfinitesimal calculus, and the introduction of logarithms toItaly. Cavalieri's principle in geometry partially anticipatedintegral calculus; the lunar crater Cavalerius is named in hishonor
Antonio José Cavanilles (1745–1804) – Priest and leading Spanishtaxonomic botanist of the 18th century
Francesco Cetti (1726–1778) – Jesuit zoologist andmathematician
Tommaso Ceva (1648–1737) – Jesuit mathematician and professor whowrote treatises on geometry, gravity, andarithmetic
Christopher Clavius (1538–1612) – Respected Jesuit Astronomer andmathematician who headed the commission that yielded the Gregoriancalendar; wrote influential astronomical textbook.
Guy Consolmagno (1952– ) – Jesuit astronomer and planetaryscientist
Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543) –Renaissance astronomer and canonfamous for his heliocentric cosmology that set in motion theCopernican Revolution
Vincenzo Coronelli (1650–1718) – Franciscan cosmographer,cartographer, encyclopedist, and globe-maker
George Coyne (1933– ) – Jesuit astronomer and former director ofthe Vatican Observatory
James Cullen (mathematician) (1867–1933) – Jesuit mathematician whopublished what is now known as Cullen numbers in numbertheory
James Curley (astronomer) (1796–1889) – Jesuit who was the firstdirector of Georgetown Observatory and determined the latitude andlongitude of Washington D.C.
Albert Curtz (1600–1671) – Jesuit astronomer who expanded on theworks of Tycho Brahe and contributed to early understanding of themoon; The crater Curtius on the Moon is named afterhim.
Johann Baptist Cysat (1587–1657) – Jesuit mathematician andastronomer, after whom the lunar crater Cysatus is named; publishedthe first printed European book concerning Japan; one of the firstto make use of the newly developed telescope; most important workwas on comets
Jean-Baptiste Chappe d'Auteroche (1722-1769) - Priest andastronomer best known for his observations of the transits ofVenus
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Ignazio Danti (1536–1586) – Dominican mathematician, astronomer,cosmographer, and cartographer
Armand David (1826–1900) – Lazarist priest, zoologist, and botanistwho did important work in these fields in China
Francesco Denza (1834–1894) – Barnabite meteorologist, astronomer,and director of Vatican Observatory
Václav Prokop Diviš (1698–1765) – Czech priest who studied thelightning rod independent of Franklin and constructed the firstelectrified musical instrument in history
Johann Dzierzon (1811–1906) – Priest and pioneering apiarist whodiscovered the phenomenon of parthenogenesis among bees, anddesigned the first successful movable-frame beehive; has beendescribed as the "father of modern apiculture"
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Francesco Faà di Bruno (c. 1825–1888) – Priest and mathematicianbeatified by Pope John Paul II
Honoré Fabri (1607–1688) – Jesuit mathematician andphysicist
Jean-Charles de la Faille (1597–1652) – Jesuit mathematician whodetermined the center of gravity of the sector of a circle for thefirst time
Gabriele Falloppio (1523–1562) – Canon and one of the mostimportant anatomists and physicians of the sixteenth century. TheFallopian tubes, which extend from the uterus to the ovaries, arenamed for him.
Gyula Fényi (1845–1927) – Jesuit astronomer and director of theHaynald Observatory; noted for his observations of the sun; Thecrater Fényi on the Moon is named after him
Louis Feuillée (1660–1732) – Minim explorer, astronomer,geographer, and botanist
Placidus Fixlmillner (1721–1791) – Benedictine priest and one ofthe first astronomers to compute the orbit ofUranus
Paolo Frisi (1728–1784) – Priest, mathematician, and astronomer whodid significant work in hydraulics
José Gabriel Funes (1963– ) – Jesuit astronomer and currentdirector of the Vatican Observatory
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Joseph Galien (1699 – c. 1762) – Dominican professor who wrote onaeronautics, hailstorms, and airships
Jean Gallois (1632–1707) – French scholar, abbot, and member ofAcademie des sciences
Pierre Gassendi (1592–1655) – French priest, astronomer, andmathematician who published the first data on the transit ofMercury; best
known intellectual project attempted to reconcile Epicurean atomismwith Christianity
Agostino Gemelli (1878–1959) – Franciscan physician andpsychologist; founded Catholic University of the Sacred Heart inMilan
Johannes von Gmunden (c. 1380–1442) – Canon, mathematician, andastronomer who compiled astronomical tables; Asteroid 15955Johannesgmunden named in his honor
Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora (1645–1700) – Priest, polymath,mathematician, astronomer, and cartographer; drew the first map ofall of New Spain
Andrew Gordon (Benedictine) (1712–1751) – Benedictine monk,physicist, and inventor who made the first electricmotor
Christoph Grienberger (1561–1636) – Jesuit astronomer after whomthe crater Gruemberger on the Moon is named; verified Galileo'sdiscovery of Jupiter's moons.
Francesco Maria Grimaldi (1618–1663) – Jesuit who discovered thediffraction of light (indeed coined the term "diffraction"),investigated the free fall of objects, and built and usedinstruments to measure geological features on themoon
Robert Grosseteste (c. 1175 – 1253) – Bishop who was one of themost knowledgeable men of the Middle Ages; has been called "thefirst man ever to write down a complete set of steps for performinga scientific experiment."[8]
Paul Guldin (1577–1643) – Jesuit mathematician and astronomer whodiscovered the Guldinus theorem to determine the surface and thevolume of a solid of revolution
Bartolomeu de Gusmão (1685–1724) – Jesuit known for his early workon lighter-than-air airship design
Johann Georg Hagen (1847–1930) – Jesuit director of the Georgetownand Vatican Observatories; The crater Hagen on the Moon is namedafter him
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Nicholas Halma (1755–1828) – French abbot, mathematician, andtranslator
Jean-Baptiste du Hamel (1624–1706) – French priest, naturalphilosopher, and secretary of the Academie Royale desSciences
René Just Haüy (1743–1822) – Priest known as the father ofcrystallography
Maximilian Hell (1720–1792) – Jesuit astronomer and director of theVienna Observatory; the crater Hell on the Moon is named afterhim.
Michał Heller (1936– ) – Priest, Templeton Prize winner, andprolific writer on numerous scientific topics
Lorenz Hengler (1806–1858) – Priest often credited as the inventorof the horizontal pendulum
Hermann of Reichenau (1013–1054) – Benedictine historian, musictheorist, astronomer, and mathematician
Pierre Marie Heude (1836–1902) – Jesuit missionary and zoologistwho studied the natural history of Eastern Asia
Franz von Paula Hladnik (1773–1844) – Priest and botanist whodiscovered several new kinds of plants, and certain genera havebeen named after him
Giovanni Battista Hodierna (1597–1660) – Priest and astronomer whocatalogued nebulous objects and developed an earlymicroscope
Victor-Alphonse Huard (1853–1929) – Priest, naturalist, educator,writer, and promoter of the natural sciences
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Maximus von Imhof (1758–1817) – German Augustinian physicist anddirector of the Munich Academy of Sciences
Giovanni Inghirami (1779–1851) – Italian Piarist astronomer who hasa valley on the moon named after him as well as acrater
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François Jacquier (1711–1788) – Franciscan mathematician andphysicist; at his death he was connected with nearly all the greatscientific and literary societies of Europe
Stanley Jaki (1924–2009) – Benedictine priest and prolific writerwho wrote on the relationship between science andtheology
Ányos Jedlik (1800–1895) – Benedictine engineer, physicist, andinventor; considered by Hungarians and Slovaks to be the unsungfather of the dynamo and electric motor
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Georg Joseph Kamel (1661–1706) – Jesuit missionary and botanist whoestablished the first pharmacy in the Philippines
Otto Kippes (1905–1994) – Priest acknowledged for his work inasteroid orbit calculations; the main belt asteroid 1780 Kippes wasnamed in his honour
Athanasius Kircher (1602–1680) – Jesuit who has been called thefather of Egyptology and "Master of a hundred arts"; wrote anencyclopedia of China; one of the first people to observe microbesthrough a microscope
Wenceslas Pantaleon Kirwitzer (1588–1626) – Jesuit astronomer andmissionary who published observations of comets
Jan Krzysztof Kluk (1739–1796) – Priest, naturalist agronomist, andentomologist who wrote a multi-volume work on Polish animallife
Marian Wolfgang Koller (1792–1866) – Benedictine professor whowrote on astronomy, physics, and meteorology
Franz Xaver Kugler (1862–1929) – Jesuit chemist, mathematician, andAssyriologist who is most noted for his studies of cuneiformtablets and Babylonian astronomy
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Nicolas Louis de Lacaille (1713-1762) - French deacon andastronomer noted for cataloguing stars, nebulous objects, andconstellations
Eugene Lafont (1837–1908) – Jesuit physicist, astronomer, andfounder of the first Scientific Society in India
Antoine de Laloubère (1600–1664) – Jesuit and first mathematicianto study the properties of the helix
Bernard Lamy (1640–1715) – Oratorian philosopher and mathematicianwho wrote on the parallelogram of forces
Pierre André Latreille (1762–1833) – Priest and entomologist whoseworks describing insects assigned many of the insect taxa still inuse today
Georges Lemaître (1894–1966) – Priest and father of the Big BangTheory
Thomas Linacre (c. 1460–1524) – English priest, humanist,translator, and physician
Francis Line (1595–1675) – Jesuit magnetic clock and sundial makerwho disagreed with some of the findings of Newton andBoyle
Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz (1606–1682) – Cistercian who wrote on avariety of scientific subjects, including probabilitytheory
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Jean Mabillon (1632–1707) – Benedictine monk and scholar,considered the founder of palaeography anddiplomatics
James B. Macelwane (1883–1956) – "The best-known Jesuitseismologist" and "one of the most honored practicioners of thescience of all time"; wrote the first textbook on seismology inAmerica.
John MacEnery (1797-1841) - Archaeologist who investigated thePalaeolithic remains at Kents Cavern
Paul McNally (1890–1955) – Jesuit astronomer and director ofGeorgetown Observatory; the crater McNally on the Moon is namedafter him.
Pierre Macq (1930– ) – Priest and physicist who was awarded theFrancqui Prize on Exact Sciences for his work on experimentalnuclear physics
Manuel Magri (1851–1907) – Jesuit ethnographer, archaeologist andwriter; one of Malta's pioneers in archaeology
Emmanuel Maignan (1601–1676) – Minim physicist and professor ofmedicine who published works on gnomonics andperspective
Charles Malapert (1581–1630) – Jesuit writer, astronomer, andproponent of Aristotelian cosmology; also known for observations ofsunpots and of the lunar surface, and the crater Malapert on theMoon is named after him
Nicolas Malebranche (1638–1715) – Oratorian philosopher who studiedphysics, optics, and the laws of motion and disseminated the ideasof Descartes and Leibniz
Marcin of Urzędów (c. 1500–1573) – Priest, physician, pharmacist,and botanist
Joseph Maréchal (1878–1944) – Jesuit philosopher andpsychologist
Marie-Victorin (1885–1944) – Christian Brother and botanist bestknown as the father of the Jardin botanique deMontréal
Edme Mariotte (c. 1620–1684) – Priest and physicist who recognizedBoyle's Law and wrote about the nature of color
Francesco Maurolico (1494–1575) – Benedictine who madecontributions to the fields of geometry, optics, conics, mechanics,music, and astronomy, and gave the first known proof bymathematical induction
Christian Mayer (astronomer) (1719–1783) – Jesuit astronomer mostnoted for pioneering the study of binary stars
Gregor Mendel (1822–1884) – Augustinian monk and father ofgenetics
Pietro Mengoli (1626–1686) – Priest and mathematician who firstposed the famous Basel Problem
Giuseppe Mercalli (1850–1914) – Priest, volcanologist, and directorof the Vesuvius Observatory who is best remembered today for hisMercalli scale for measuring earthquakes which is still inuse
Marin Mersenne (1588–1648) – Minim philosopher, mathematician, andmusic theorist who is often referred to as the "father ofacoustics"
Paul of Middelburg (1446–1534) – Bishop of Fossombrone who wroteimportant works on the reform of the calendar
Maciej Miechowita (1457–1523) – Canon who wrote the first accurategeographical and ethnographical description of Eastern Europe, aswell as two medical treatises
François-Napoléon-Marie Moigno (1804–1884) – Jesuit physicist andmathematician; was an expositor of science and translator ratherthan an original investigator
Juan Ignacio Molina (1740–1829) – Jesuit naturalist, historian,botanist, ornithologist and geographer
Louis Moréri (1643–1680) – 17th century priest andencyclopaedist
Théodore Moret (1602–1667) – Jesuit mathematician and author of thefirst mathematical dissertations ever defended in Prague; the lunarcrater Moretus is named after him.
Landell de Moura (1861–1928) – Priest and inventor who was thefirst to accomplish the transmission of the human voice by awireless machine
Gabriel Mouton (1618–1694) – Abbot, mathematician, astronomer, andearly proponent of the metric system
Jozef Murgaš (1864–1929) – Priest who contributed to wirelesstelegraphy and help develop mobile communications and wirelesstransmission of information and human voice
José Celestino Mutis (1732–1808) – Canon, botanist, andmathematician who led the Royal Botanical Expedition of the NewWorld
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Jean François Niceron (1613–1646) – Minim mathematician who studiedgeometrical optics
Nicholas of Cusa (1401–1464) – Cardinal, philosopher, jurist,mathematician, astronomer, and one of the great geniuses andpolymaths of the 15th century
Julius Nieuwland (1878–1936) – Holy Cross priest, known for hiscontributions to acetylene research and its use as the basis forone type of synthetic rubber, which eventually led to the inventionof neoprene by DuPont
Jean-Antoine Nollet (1700–1770) – Abbot and physicist whodiscovered the phenomenon of osmosis in naturalmembranes.
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Hugo Obermaier (1877–1946) – Priest, prehistorian, andanthropologist who is known for his work on the diffusion ofmankind in Europe during the Ice Age, as well as his work withnorth Spanish cave art
William of Ockham (c. 1288 – c. 1348) – Franciscan Scholastic whowrote significant works on logic, physics, and theology; known forOckham's Razor
Nicole Oresme (c. 1323–1382) – One of the most famous andinfluential philosophers of the later Middle Ages; economist,mathematician, physicist, astronomer, philosopher, theologian andBishop of Lisieux, and competent translator; one of the mostoriginal thinkers of the 14th century
Barnaba Oriani (1752–1832) – Barnabite geodesist, astronomer andscientist whose greatest achievement was his detailed research ofthe planet Uranus, and is also known for Oriani'stheorem
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Luca Pacioli (c. 1446–1517) – Franciscan friar who publishedseveral works on mathematics and is often regarded as the Father ofAccounting
Ignace-Gaston Pardies (1636–1673) – Jesuit physicist known for hiscorrespondence with Newton and Descartes
Franciscus Patricius (1529–1597) – Priest, cosmic theorist,philosopher, and Renaissance scholar
John Peckham (1230–1292) – Archbishop of Canterbury and earlypractitioner of experimental science
Nicolas Claude Fabri de Peiresc (1580–1637) – Abbot and astromerwho discovered the Orion Nebula; lunar crater Peirescius named inhis honor
Stephen Joseph Perry (1833–1889) – Jesuit astronomer and Fellow ofthe Royal Society; made frequent observations of Jupiter'ssatellites, of stellar occultations, of comets, of meteorites, ofsun spots, and faculae
Giambatt ista Pianciani (1784–1862) – Jesuit mathematician andphysicist
Giuseppe Piazzi (1746–1826) – Theatine mathematician and astronomerwho discovered Ceres, today known as the largest member of theasteroid belt; also did important work cataloguingstars
Jean Picard (1620–1682) – Priest and first person to measure thesize of the Earth to a reasonable degree of accuracy; alsodeveloped what became the standard method for measuring the rightascension of a celestial object; The PICARD mission, an orbitingsolar observatory, is named in his honor
Edward Pigot (1858–1929) – Jesuit seismologist andastronomer
Alexandre Guy Pingré (1711–1796) – French priest astronomer andnaval geographer; the crater Pingré on the Moon is named after him,as is the asteroid 12719 Pingré
Andrew Pinsent (1966- ) – Priest whose current research includesthe application of insights from autism and social cognition to'second-person' accounts of moral perception and characterformation. His previous scientific research contributed to theDELPHI experiment at CERN
Jean Baptiste François Pitra (1812–1889) – Bendedictine cardinal,archaeologist and theologian who noteworthy for his greatarchaeological discoveries
Charles Plumier (1646–1704) – Minim friar who is considered one ofthe most important botanical explorers of his time
Marcin Odlanicki Poczobutt (1728–1810) – Jesuit astronomer andmathematician; granted thetitle of the King's Astronomer; the crater Poczobutt on the Moon isnamed after him.
Léon Abel Provancher (1820–1892) – Priest and naturalist devoted tothe study and description of the fauna and flora of Canada; hispioneer work won for him the appellation of the "Father of NaturalHistory in Canada"
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Louis Receveur (1757–1788) – Franciscan naturalist and astronomer;described as being as close as one could get to being an ecologistin the 18th century
Franz Reinzer (1661–1708) – Jesuit who wrote an in-depthmeteorological, astrological, and political compendium coveringtopics such as comets, meteors, lightning, winds, fossils, metals,bodies of water, and subterranean treasures and secrets of theearth
Louis Rendu (1789–1859) – Bishop who wrote an important book on themechanisms of glacial motion; the Rendu Glacier, Alaska, U.S. andMount Rendu, Antarctica are named for him
Vincenzo Riccati (1707–1775) – Italian Jesuit mathematician andphysicist
Matteo Ricci (1552–1610) – One of the founding fathers of theJesuit China Mission and co-author of the first European-Chinesedictionary
Giovanni Battista Riccioli (1598–1671) – Jesuit astronomer whoauthored Almagestum novum, an influential encyclopedia ofastronomy; The first person to measure the rate of acceleration ofa freely falling body; created a selenograph with Father Grimaldithat now adorns the entrance at the National Air and Space Museumin Washington D.C.
Richard of Wallingford (1292-1336) - Abbot, renowned clockmaker,and one of the initiators of western trigonometry
Johannes Ruysch (c. 1460–1533) – Priest, explorer, cartographer,and astronomer who created the second oldest known printedrepresentation of the New World
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Giovanni Girolamo Saccheri (1667–1733) – Jesuit mathematician andgeometer
Johannes de Sacrobosco (c. 1195 – c. 1256) – Irish monk andastronomer who wrote the authoritative medieval astronomy textTractatus de Sphaera; his Algorismus was the first text tointroduce Hindu-Arabic numerals and procedures into the Europeanuniversity curriculum; the lunar crater Sacrobosco is named afterhim
Gregoire de Saint-Vincent (1584–1667) – Jesuit mathematician whomade important contributions to the study of thehyperbola
Alphonse Antonio de Sarasa (1618–1667) – Jesuit mathematician whocontributed to the understanding of logarithms
Christoph Scheiner (c. 1573–1650) – Jesuit physicist, astronomer,and inventor of the pantograph; wrote on a wide range of scientificsubjects
Wilhelm Schmidt (linguist) (1868–1954) – Austrian priest, linguist,anthropologist, and ethnologist.
George Schoener (1864–1941) – Priest who became known in the UnitedStates as the "Padre of the Roses" for his experiments in rosebreeding
Gaspar Schott (1608–1666) – Jesuit physicist, astronomer, andnatural philosopher who is most widely known for his works onhydraulic and mechanical instruments
Franz Paula von Schrank (1747–1835) – Priest, botanist,entomologist, and prolific writer
Berthold Schwarz (c. 14th century) – Franciscan friar and reputedinventor of gunpowder and firearms
Anton Maria Schyrleus of Rheita (1604–1660) – Capuchin astronomerand optrician who built Kepler's telescope
George Mary Searle (1839–1918) – Paulist astronomer and professorwho discovered six galaxies
Angelo Secchi (1818–1878) – Jesuit pioneer in astronomicalspectroscopy, and one of the first scientists to stateauthoritatively that the sun is a star
Alessandro Serpieri (1823–1885) – Priest, astronomer, andseismologist who studied shooting stars, and was the first tointroduce the concept of the seismic radiant
Gerolamo Sersale (1584–1654) – Jesuit astronomer and selenographer;his map of the moon can be seen in the Naval Observatory of SanFernando; the lunar crater Sirsalis is named afterhim
Benedict Sestini (1816–1890) – Jesuit astronomer, mathematician andarchitect; studied sunspots and eclipses; wrote textbooks on avariety of mathematical subjects
René François Walter de Sluse (1622–1685) – Canon and mathematicianwith a family of curves named after him
Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729–1799) – Priest, biologist, andphysiologist who made important contributions to the experimentalstudy of bodily functions, animal reproduction, and essentiallydiscovered echolocation; his research of biogenesis paved the wayfor the investigations of Louis Pasteur
Valentin Stansel (1621–1705) – Jesuit astronomer who made importantobservations of comets
Johan Stein (1871–1951) – Jesuit astronomer and director of theVatican Observatory, which he modernized and relocated to CastelGandolfo; the crater Stein on the far side of the Moon is namedafter him
Nicolas Steno (1638–1686) – Bishop beatified by Pope John Paul IIwho is often called the father of geology[9] and stratigraphy[7],and is known for Steno's principles
Pope Sylvester II (c. 946–1003) – Prolific scholar who endorsed andpromoted Arabic knowledge of arithmetic, mathematics, and astronomyin Europe, reintroducing the abacus and armillary sphere which hadbeen lost to Europe since the end of the Greco-Romanera
Alexius Sylvius Polonus (1593 – c. 1653) – Jesuit astronomer whostudied sunspots and published a work oncalendariography
Ignacije Szentmartony (1718–1793) – Jesuit cartographer,mathematician, and astronomer who became a member of the expeditionthat worked on the rearrangement of the frontiers among colonies inSouth America
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André Tacquet (1612–1660) – Jesuit mathematician whose work laidthe groundwork for the eventual discovery ofcalculus
Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (1881–1955) – Jesuit paleontologist andgeologist who took part in the discovery of PekingMan
Francesco Lana de Terzi (c. 1631–1687) – Jesuit referred to as theFather of Aviation[10] for his pioneering efforts; he alsodeveloped a blind writing alphabet prior toBraille.
Theodoric of Freiberg (c. 1250 – c. 1310) – Dominican theologianand physicist who gave the first correct geometrical analysis ofthe rainbow
Joseph Tiefenthaler (1710–1785) – Jesuit who was one of theearliest European geographers to write about India
Giuseppe Toaldo (1719–1797) – Priest and physicist who studiedatmospheric electricity and did important work with lightning rods;the asteroid 23685 Toaldo is named for him.
José Torrubia (c. 1700–1768) – Franciscan linguist, scientist,collector of fossils and books, and writer on historical, politicaland religious subjects
Franz de Paula Triesnecker (1745–1817) – Jesuit astronomer anddirector of the Vienna Observatory; published a number of treatiseson astronomy and geography; the crater Triesnecker on the Moon isnamed after him.
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Basil Valentine (c. 15th century) – Benedictine alchemist whomauthor James J. Walsh calls the father of modernchemistry[11]
Luca Valerio (1552–1618) – Jesuit mathematician who developed waysto find volumes and centers of gravity of solidbodies
Pierre Varignon (1654–1722) – Priest and mathematician whoseprinciple contributions were to statics and mechanics; created amechanical explanation of gravitation
Giovanni Battista Venturi (1746-1822) - Priest who discovered theVenturi effect
Fausto Veranzio (c. 1551–1617) – Bishop, polymath, inventor, andlexicographer
Ferdinand Verbiest (1623–1688) – Jesuit astronomer andmathematician; designed what some claim to be the first everself-propelled vehicle – many claim this as the world's firstautomobile
Francesco de Vico (1805–1848) – Jesuit astronomer who discovered orco-discovered a number of comets; also made observations of Saturnand the gaps in its rings; the lunar crater De Vico and theasteroid 20103 de Vico are named after him
Vincent of Beauvais (c.1190–c.1264) – Dominican who wrote the mostinfluential encyclopedia of the Middle Ages
János Vitéz (archbishop) (c.1405–1472) – Archbishop, astronomer,and mathematician
Benito Viñes (1870- 1893), A Jesuit priest who was known as “FatherHurricane” Beginning his significant and important research onhurricanes.
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Martin Waldseemüller (c. 1470–1520) – German priest andcartographer who, along with Matthias Ringmann, is credited withthe first recorded usage of the word America
Godefroy Wendelin (1580–1667) – Priest and astronomer whorecognized that Kepler's third law applied to the satellites ofJupiter; the lunar crate Vendelinus is named in hishonor
Johannes Werner (1468–1522) – Priest, mathematician, astronomer,and geographer
Witelo (c. 1230 – after 1280, before 1314) – Friar, physicist,natural philosopher, and mathematician; lunar crater Vitello namedin his honor; his Perspectiva powerfully influenced laterscientists, in particular Johannes Kepler
Julian Tenison Woods (1832–1889) – Passionist geologist andmineralogist
Theodor Wulf (1868–1946) – Jesuit physicist who was one of thefirst experimenters to detect excess atmosphericradiation
Franz Xaver von Wulfen (1728-1805) - Jesuit botanist, mineralogist,and alpinist
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John Zahm (1851–1921) – Holy Cross priest and South Americanexplorer
Giuseppe Zamboni (1776–1846) – Priest and physicist who inventedthe Zamboni pile, an early electric battery similar to the Voltaicpile
Francesco Zantedeschi (1797–1873) – Priest who was among the firstto recognize the marked absorption by the atmosphere of red,yellow, and green light; published papers on the production ofelectric currents in closed circuits by the approach and withdrawalof a magnet, thereby anticipating Michael Faraday's classicalexperiments of 1831[12]
Niccolò Zucchi (1586–1670) – Jesuit who invented the reflectingtelescope[13] and may have been the first to see the belts on theplanet Jupiter[14]
Giovanni Battista Zupi (c. 1590–1650) – Jesuit astronomer,mathematician, and first person to discover that the planet Mercuryhad orbital phases; the crater Zupus on the Moon is named afterhim
