some(一些,某些,某个):可代替名词和形容词,常用在肯定句中作主语、宾语、定语等。用作定语时,它可以修饰单数名词和复数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词。如:
Some are bus drivers,othersare bus conductors.(主语)
Have you any French books?-yes, I havesome.(宾语)
I am going to fetch somewater.(定语,修饰不可数名词)
I have read that in somemagazine.(定语,修饰可数名词单数,翻译为某一本杂志)
【注】:some也可以作状语,意思相当于about(大约)。如:
I waited some twentymiuntes.我等了大约二十分钟。
The mill has some 4,000workers and staff.这个工厂有大约4000名职工。
any(一些,任何):可以代替名词或形容词,常用在否定句或疑问句中,也可用于条件状语从句中。作定语时,它可以修饰可数名词(多位复数)和不可数名词。如:
Have you any matches?(定语)
No,I haven't any.(宾语)
Is there any ink in yourpen?(定语)
There isn't any tea in thekitchen.(定语)
【注一】:不定代词any用在肯定句中时,意思是“任何的”。如:
You may come at any time;I'llbe in the office the whole morning.
She is younger than any othercomrade in the workshop.
You must find adictionary,any dictionary will do.
【注二】:any可用作状语,表示程度。如:
Is she any better today?
【注三】:some和any的区别:some多用于肯定句,any多用于否定句和疑问句。如:
I am looking for some paperclips.
Have you any paper clips?
I haven't any paperclips.
但是,如果说话人希望得到肯定的回答,这时疑问句中可用some。
Didn't you buy some paperclips the other day?
Have you someenvelops?(说话人肯定听话人有)
some还可以用于表示请求和邀请的疑问句。如:
Will you lend me somebooks,please?(请求)
Would you like somesweet s?(邀请)