[满分作文30天速成]
第三天:如何表达百分比
问卷调查是高中作文命题的一个常见方式。对数据进行分析和描述时,常需要使用百分比。
一、必须知道的两个名词
Percent的中文意思是:百分之…,如果你怕麻烦,还可以简化成%,这个单词还可以分开来写成:percent,例如:16%的男生有心理问题。
1. 16%of the boys have mental problems.
2. 16 percentof the boys have mental problems.
3. 16 percent of the boys have mental problems.
Percentof…后面的名词直接决定着后面谓语动词的单复数形式。例如:
16 percent of theboys are overweight.
Over 60 percent ofthe earth surface is covered with water.
但是,percentage中文是:百分率,百分比。如果用它表达上面的例句,可以说成:
The percentage of theboys who have mental problems is 16 percent.
我们汉语中常说的百分点可以被表达成:percentagepoints,例如:
Interest rate fellby six percentage points.
利率下降了六个百分点。
常见的词组有:ahigh/low/small percentage of,例如:
A high percentage ofmarried women have part-time jobs.
已婚妇女兼职的比例非常高。
二、必须知道的两个动词
在表达“占一定数量或比例”时,我们使用频率最高的动词有:
Afro-Americansaccount for 12% of the US population.
Afro-Americansmake up 12% of the US population.
非裔美国人占美国人口的百分之十二。
Accountfor还有另外一个常用用法,相当于动词explain。请看例句:
Recent pressure atwork may account for his strange behavior.
他行为怪异的原因可能是工作压力大。
相比之下,makeup的意思非常丰富,用法更多。例如:
They made himup as an old man for the last act of the play.
在最后一幕中,他们把她装扮成一个老头。
When you're theboss you can make up your own rules.
当你是老板时,你可以制定你自己的规矩。
I don't eatbreakfast but I make up for it at lunch.
通常我不吃早饭,到中饭的时候在弥补。
三、如何表达“比例高低”
上面作文提示中,就有这样的一句:
大约12%的学生有情绪问题,其中,女生的比例比较高。
那么,如何表达比例的高低呢?最简单的表达就是:
Most of the studentswith emotional problems are girls.
在有情绪问题的学生中,女生占绝大多数。
再高级的一点的表达,可以使用短语themajority of或者a minority of,例如:
The majority of thestudents with emotional problems are girls.
在有情绪问题的学生中,女生占绝大多数。
Only aminority of people support these new laws.
只有少数的人支持这些新法律。
此外,还有介词短语in themajority和in a/the majority,上面的两句句话可以说成:
Amongthe students with emotional problems, girls are in themajority.
在有情绪问题的学生中,女生占绝大多数。
People who supportthese new laws are in a minority.
只有少数的人支持这些新法律。
四、百分比的其他表达
当出现多个百分比时,可以对数字进行一些处理和转换,避免表达重复,例如:
第一组:百分之二十五的新生来自农村。
25 percent of the newstudents come from the countryside.
A quarter of the newstudents come from the countryside.
第二组:在受访的人群中,百分之五十一的人支持这个运动。
51% of people surveyedare in favor of the campaign.
Over half of peoplesurveyed are in favor of the campaign.
第三组:这个班级有百分之六十七的学生患了近视眼。
67 percent of thestudents in the class are short- sighted.
About two-thirds ofthe students in the class are short-sighted.
第四组:70%的老师赞成这个计划,17%的人反对,13%的人不确定。
70% of the teacherssupport the plan. 17% of them are against it. 13% arenot sure.
70% of the teacherssupport the plan. 17% of them are against it. Therest are unsure.
五、三个重要的定语
在百分比之后,常要加上一些限定词,例如:
16% of the studentssurveyed suffer from mental problems.
在接受的学生当中,有16%的学生有心理问题。
Boys make up 53% ofthe students with mental problems.
在有心理问题的学生当中,男生占53%。
很多时候,我们也可以使用定语从句或分词结构,例如上面的句子也可以写成:
Boys make up 53% ofthe students who suffer from mentalproblems.
Boys make up 53% ofthe students suffering from mentalproblems.
六、其他的表达技巧
首先,看一个例句:
16.2% of the boyshave mental problems. 11.4% of the girls have mentalproblems.
16.2%的男生有心理健康问题,11.4%的女生有心理健康问题。
这是男女学生之间的对比,我们可以使用while把这个两句话合二为一:
16.2% of the boyshave mental problems while 11.4% of the girls have mentalproblems.
再认真看一下,这两句话的谓语和宾语都一样,只有主语不同,还可以简化为:
16.2% of the boys and 11.4% ofthe girls have mental problems.
最近,你所在的研究性学习小组对全校3558名学生的心理健康状况进行了问卷调查,收到有效问卷3531份。请你根据所提供的信息用英语写一篇文章,向学校英语广播站投稿。(2013年盐城高三第二次模拟考试作文题,有改动)
问题 | 16.2%的男生有心理健康问题,11.4%的女生有心理健康问题。 l情绪问题(如过度焦虑、自卑等):占总数的11.6% , 其中, 女生比例较高; l行为问题(如撒谎、偷窃等):占总数的8.8% , 其中, 男生比例较高。 |
原因 | 父母过多惩罚、过分干涉、家庭不和睦; 自身学习压力过大、与周围的人际关系不融洽。 |
建议 | 不少于两点。 |
文章的开头已经给出:
Our project groupmade a survey on the mental problems among the students in ourschool recently. We handed out questionnaires to all the 3558students and collected 3531 valid ones.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
According to thesurvey, 16.4% of the boys and 11.4% of the girls suffer from mentalproblems. 11.6% of all the students surveyed haveemotional problems like feeling anxious and lacking confidence, andamong the students with this problem, girls are in themajority. 8.8% of all the students have abnormal behaviorslike telling lies and stealing things and boys are morelikely to have this problem.
Various factors mayaccount for this phenomenon. For one thing, someparents can’t build a harmonious family. Some have tight control oftheir children and punish them too often. For another, manystudents are under heavy pressure from study andunable to get along well with people around.
In my view, parentsshould give their children enough freedom and space and oftencommunicate with them. Besides, schools are expected to establishcampus counseling centers to offer timely help. Last but not theleast, students had better keep optimistic and develop morehobbies.