爱华网不定代词的用法
一、不定代词的用法
不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
1．作主语
both of them are teachers．他们两人都是教师。
2．作宾语
i know nothing about this person．我对这个人一无所知。
3．作表语
this book is too much for a child．这本书对一个小孩来说太难了。
4．作定语
there is a little water in the glass．玻璃杯里有一些水。
二、常用不定代词用法举例
1．some 一些，某些，某个
不定代词some可以代替名词和形容词，常用在肯定句中作主语、宾语、定语等。作定语时，它可以修饰可数名词（单、复数皆可）和不可数名词。例如：
some are doctors，some are nurses．有些人是医生，有些人是护士。（作主语）
2．any一些，任何
不定代词any可以代替名词和形容词，常用在否定句或疑问句中作主语、宾语、定语等。作定语时，它可以修饰可数名词（多为复数）和不可数名词。例如：
there isn’t any ink in my pen．我的钢笔没有墨水。（作定语）
不定代词any有时也可以用在肯定句中，表示"任何的"。例如：
you may come at any time；i’ll be home the wholeday．你任何时候来都行，我整天都将呆在家里 。
不定代词any也可以用作副词，做状语，表示程度。例如：
is he any better today？他今天好一点了吗？
3．all 全体，所有
不定代词all在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语或同位语。它可以代表或修饰可数名词和不可数名词。代表或修饰可数名词时，指两个以上的人或物。作先行词时，引导词用that。例如：
all were present at the meeting．全都到会了。（作主语，代表可数名词）
4．both 全部，都
不定代词both指两个人或事物。和all一样，可以用作主语、宾语、定语或同位语。例如：
we invited both to come to our farm．我们邀请两个人都来我们的农畅（作宾语）
5．none 无人或无物
不定代词none的含义和all相反，和no one，notany同义，但其用法相当于名词，在句子中一般作主语或宾语。它代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单、复数皆可。例如：
none of the problems is ／are easy to solve．这些问题没有一个是容易解决的。（作主语，代替可数名词）
6．either 两者之中的任何一个，这个或那个。
不定代词 either 可以作主语、宾语和定语。例如：
either of them will agree to this arrangent．他们两人中会有人同意这样的安排的。（作主语）
7．neither 两个之中一个也不是
不定代词 neither 是 either 的否定形式，可以作主语、宾语和定语。例如：
neither is interesting．两个都没有趣。（作主语）
8．each 每个，各自的
不定代词each指每一个人或事物的个别情况，甚至指这些个别情况各不相同。它在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。例如：
she gave the children two apples each．她给了每个小孩两个苹果。（作thechildren的同位语。）
9every 每个，每一的，一切的
不定代词every有"全体"的意思，和all的意义相近，但只能作定语。
三．复合不定代词
any及合成词anything ,anybody一般用在否定句,疑问句和条件句中
anybodyanyone指人时不能与of连用
some及 someting,somebody表示肯定含义时,用在肯定句中,但表示请求,客气询问时例外,可用在疑问句中
no及 nothing, nobody是否定词,表示否定含义
none后面不能直接跟名词,可以单独使用,也可和of连用,none指人或物,可指单数和复数
'Someone'/'somebody','anyone'/'anybody'and'no one'/'nobody'areindefinite pronouns.They refer to people.We use them when we do notknow or do not need to mention by name who we are talkingabout.
1. some, any, every, no都能和one, body,thing一起构成代词，这些代词叫复合不定代词。它们基本含义为：
指
人 somebody
someone 某人 anybody
anyone
任何人 everybody
everyone每人 nobody
no one
没人
指物 Something某物某事 anything任何事物 everything一切 nothing没东西
2.一般情况下，some构成的复合不定代词，其作用和some相同，用于肯定句；any构成的复合不定代词用于否定句或疑问句；no构成的复合不定代词表示否定含义，用于否定句。如：
① I have something to tell you. 我有事要告诉你。
② He didn’t say anything at the meeting yesterday. 昨天在会上他没发言。
③ Everybody likes swimming. 每个人都喜欢游泳。
④ There is nothing wrong with your ears.
你耳朵没毛病。
3. something可用于提建议或请求的问句中，以及希望说话对方作出肯定回答的问句中。如：
Would you like something to eat? 你要吃点东西吗？
4. 复合不定代词在句子中作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：
Nobody knows his name. 没有人知道他的名字。
5. 不定代词的定语要后置。如：
Is there anything important in today’s newspaper?今天的报纸上有什么重要新闻吗？
一般的，不定代词（包括复合不定代词）在句子中，通常用三单形式
复合不定代词即由some,any,no,every加body,thing,one构成，用来表示一个全部概念，分别表示人或物。在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语。由于用法上的习惯常为高考所青睐，下面就其常见考点分析如下：
一、与部分否定结下了深厚的情谊
部分否定是高考常考考点之一，常表达为：not＋全部肯定词或全部肯定词＋not，其意义为“并非都，不都”。前者为基本概念，通常，学生有一定的掌握；但后者与一般否定句相似，易引起学生判断上的失误，也是作者出题，命题的焦点。uniwant.com
1.I agree with most of what you said,but I don't agreewith____.
A.everything D.anything
C.something D.nothing
2.—The exam was difficult,wasn't it?
—No，but I don't think____could pass it.
A.somebody B.anybody
C.nobody D.everyboby
分析：1,A.由句意“我同意你说的大部分，而不是全部”，可看出后面表示部分否定，构成not…everything，即“并非每件事”。2,D.同理，“并非所有人都能通过”，部分否定概念，构成not…everybody，即“并非所有的人”，本题还应考虑否定转移。以上两题要求学生在作题时认真审题，仔细品味作者在题干中蕴涵的逻辑关系，灵活应用所学知识，取得满意效果。
二、在反意问句中考查对应的主语
反意疑问句在确定主语时，常被列为考点。当主语为表示人的复合不定代词时，疑问部分的主语常用they（有时也用he）；当主语为表物的复合不定代词时，疑问部分的主语通常为it。
1.Nobody wants to waste time watching boring plays,____?
A.does it B.do they
C.is he D.are they
2.I am sure everything goes well,____?
A.doesn't it B.does they
C.doesn't everything D.aren't I
分析：1,B.句子主语为指人的复合不定代词，对应的主语是they，又为否定句，故选B。2,A.I'msure为插入语，句子主语为指物的复合不定代词，对应的主语是it，故选A。通过以上两题分析，要求学生思路清晰，运用所学知识，具体问题具体分析。
三、和定语从句也保持着一定的联系
指人、指物的复合不定代词常与定语从句结合考查，其重点在连接词选择问题上。当先行词为指物的不定代词时，关系代词为that，但something例外，既可用that也可用which。当先行词为指人的复合不定代词时，关系代词为who或that。注意作宾语的关系代词省略也是考查的重点。
1.Finally,the thief handed everything____he had stolen to thepolice.
A.which B.what
C.whatever D.that
2.____breaks the rule should be punished.
A.Those who B.Who
C.Anyone who D.The one
3.Now let's think of feedback as something____·
A.that we should make to work for us
B.we should make work for us
C.in which we should make work for us
D.we should make work for us in
分析：1,D.先行词everything，在定语从句中作stolen宾语。2,C.由定语从句谓语即可确定。3，B.先行词something在定语从句中作make宾语，省去了关系代词。以上试题可看出知识之间环环相扣，体现了高考试题中多元结构的考查。
四、复合不定代词的定语位置
修饰复合不定代词的形容词一般后置。注意它常与其它考点联系起来考查，看下面练习。
1.There is____in today's newspaper.
A.nothing specially interesting
B.specially interesting nothing
C. nothing specially intertesting
D.intertesting specially nothing
2.He asked me if there was____to read.
A.easy enough something
B.enough easy something
C.something easy enough
D.something enough easy
分析：1,A.interesting修饰nothing放其后，specially副词修饰形容词interesting。2,C.easy修饰something放其后，副词enough修饰easy，放其后。以上两题要求认真分析，弄清英语词序间修饰关系。
五、复合不定代词常用于简略回答中
一般情况下，用nothing回答以what开头的问句；nobody(no one)回答who开头的问句。
1.What's on the blackboard?
—Nothing.
2.—Who's in the classroom?
—Nobody(No one).
六、复合不定代词的一致问题
复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
Everything is not in good order but at sixes and sevens.
Nothing except for a few books was left for him by hisfather.
七、复合不定代词间的用法区别
1.带some的复合不定代词，一般用于肯定句；而带any的复合不定代词常用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。
I have something important to tell you.
If there is anything the matter with the machine,please let meknow.
2.带some的复合不定代词，用于疑问句，表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表请求、建议、征询意见的句子中。
—Is____here?
—No.Bob and Tim have asked for leave.
A anybody B somebody C everybody D nobody 选C。
3.带any的复合不定代词，用于肯定句中，表示“任何人，任何事”。
Anyone who refused to bow was thrown intoprison.
As a teacher,I would do anything for my students.
4.带any的复合不定代词作主语，其后不能再用否定式，要表达否定概念，需用相对应的全部否定意义的词。
Anything could not be seen in that dark room.（×）
Anything could be seen in that dark room.（√）
5.指人的复合不定代词合写与分写，其意义与用法不同，以any为例：
anyone 仅指人 任何人，某人 不与of短语连用
anyone指人又指物 任何一个 可与of短语连用
Anyone can do the job.
Any one of us can do the job.
八、复合不定代词常见短语
1.have something to do with
与……有关
2.something like
几分像，大约
3.something of
在某种意义（程度）上
4.anything but
除……外任何，根本不……
5.anything like
像那样的事，全然不
6.anything of
一点儿，一点……味儿
7.have nothing to do with
与……无关，和……不往来
8.be nothing to
对……无足轻重，不能与……相比
9.to say nothing of
更不必说
10.for nothing
免费，徒然，没有理由
11.all to nothing
百分之百的
12.nothing but
除……以外什么也不，只有
九、复合不定代词在谚语中应用
1.Everybody's business is nobody's buslness.
人人都管等于没人管。
2.Everybody's friend is everybody's fool.
每人的朋友是每人的傻瓜。
3.Everytking is good for something.
凡物都有用。
4.Everything has two sides.
事物都有两个方面。
5.The man who is everything is nothing.
什么都是的人什么都不是。
6.He who has no conscience has nothing.
没有良心的人一无所有。
7.Nothing succecds like success.
一事成功，事事顺利。
8.Nothing venture,nothing have.
不入虎穴，焉得虎子。
9.Money isn't everything.金钱不是万能的。
10.To know everything is to know nothing.
样样皆通，样样稀松。
11.Everything is good when new,but friends whenold.东西是新的好，朋友是老的好。
十、智能转化
1.He often asked the questions that____his lesson.So he was oftenscolded by his teacher.
A.had something to do with
B.was separated from
C.was connected with
D.had nothing to do with
2.—This car is worth 90,000 dollars.
—Oh,I care more about quality,you know,money is____to me.
A.nothing B.anything
C.everything D.something
3.—Nowadays an unexpected thing is possible to happen.
—Yes, everything strange is____strange.
A.something B.anything
C.everything D.nothing
4.—What an amazing film!It's the most interesting film I've everseen.
—But I'm sure it won't interest____.
A.somebody B.anybody
C.everybody D.nobody
5.The book is of good value.____can be enjoyed from it until youhave a deep understanding of it.
A.Something B.Nothing
C.Much D.Few
6.He who is proud of his wealth has rarely____else to beproud.
A.anything B.something
C.everything D.nothing
7.His theory is much more important than____.
A.any of us B.any of our
C.anyone else's D.anyone's else
8.He cares so little about his meals that____will do so long as itfills his stomach.
A.anything B.everything
C.nothing D.something
9.It was such a tiny village that____knew____else well.
A.anybody,somebody
B.everybody,everybody
C.anybody,anybody
D.nobody,nobody
10.I tried____but there was no result.
A.everyone B.every one of them
C.everyone of them D.every of them
11.I'll never know what was on his mind at the time,norwill.____（04江苏）
A.anyone B.anyone else
C.no one D.no one else
12.Playing tricks on others is____we should never do.（04湖南）
A.anything B.something
C.everything D.nothing
13.I'm,just as is sung in a song,____I live on my own.
A.someone B.somebody
C.anybody D.nobody
14.—Do you mind if you give Tom a hand?
—Yes,I do.I'll be glad to help____Tom.
A.anybody but B.somebody but
C.everybody but D.nobody but
15.The fellow was said to be____of a scholar.As it turned out,hewas a cheat.
A.everything B.much
C.something D. nothing
16.—What is the man,actually?
——I don't know for sure.But I think he can be____but ateacher.
A.something B.anything
C.nobody D.anyone
参考答案：
1-5 D A D C B 6-10 A C A C B
11-15 B B D A C 16 B
