爱华网besides; except; except for;but用法的区别
这四个介词或者短语都可以表示“除了…”的意思。但except仅表示“除了…”，排除在外，后面可以接that，what，when等引导的从句；而besides表示“除了…还有…”的意思，表示包含在内；exceptfor表示“除了…”要不是...，它引出一个与前面的词相反的原因或者事例；but的意思与except接近，它主要与某些不定代词如nothing，all，anything，no one，anyone等连用。例如：
"Except for one old lady, thebus was empty."公共汽车上要不是坐了一位老太太就是空的。
She can do everything exceptcook.
除了做饭之外她什么都会。
He had considered everythingexcept the weather.
"他什么都想过,唯独没考虑到天气。"
I know nothing about it exceptwhat I have read in the papers.
"除了在报上读到的以外,我对这件事一无所知。"
Most of the Chinese people usuallygo to work on the bike
exceptwhen it rains.
"除了雨天,大多数中国人一般都骑自行车上班。"
Besides milk and cheese, we needvegetables.
除了牛奶和干酪外，我们还需要蔬菜。
Besides football, I like playingbasketball and table tennis.
除了足球以外，我还喜欢打篮球和乒乓球。
No one but me passed the examyesterday.
昨天除了我以外没别人考及格。
Nobody but Li Ming talked to LaoWang today.
除了李明，今天没有人跟老王说话。
except, except for/that,besides和but的用法习题：1. No one knew Mr Beson'saddress _______ his daughter. A.except B.excepts C.only D. besides2. Do you know any other foreign language ______ English?
A.except B.but C.beside D.besides
3. I know nothing about the youngladyshe is fromChina. A.exceptB. exceptfor C. exceptthat D.besides
4. Sandy could do nothing but ________ to his teacherthathewas wrong.
A.admitB.admittedC.admittingD.to admit
解析:Key:1. A 2. D 3. C 4. A。由此,我们可以看出except, except for/that,besides和but 的用法。
except, except for/that,besides和but都有"除……之外"的意思,但用法各异,现就它们的用法进行分析比较:
一、except的用法--"排除式"
except意为"只有……除外;除去……",后跟名词或代词作宾语,强调从整体中除去部分,即except后的部分不包括在整体之内。因此,常和all,everything, no one, nothing等词一起使用。其判别标志是:除去的与保留的是"同类项"。例如:
1. All of them went out for a walk ________ John.
A.besidesB.except C.besideD. excepts
2. Everyone is here ________ Xiao Wang and me.
A.exceptB.besides C.besideD.excepts
析:Key:1. B 2. A。因除去的与保留的是"同类项",且1、2题中有信息词All、Everyone。
二、except for/that的用法--"排除否定式"
except 除后跟名词、代词作宾语外,还可跟介词,也可跟从句。
(1)exceptfor...是"除了因为……;要不是……;除去……一点外"的意思,表示"对一个人或事物,先做一个整体评价,然后再就局部提出一点看法"。即一部分被肯定,另一部分被否定,这就是所谓的"排除否定式"。其判别标志是:除去的与保留的"不是同类项"。例如:
1. It was dark in the city ________ a few weaklights.
A. exceptforB.except C.besidesD. but for
2. Your composition is very good ___ a few spelling mistakes.
A. exceptthatB.exceptforC.besidesD.beside
析:Key: 1. A 2. B。因为除去的与保留的"不是同类项",故选except for。
(2)except that...也是"除去……一点外"的意思,但应注意恰当地使用引导词。若从句句意和结构完整,只需用引导词that。例如:
1.The suit fitted him well__the colour wasa little brighter
A. exceptforB. except that C. exceptwhenD.besides
析:Key:B。本题题意为"除色彩艳了一点儿外,这套衣服很适合他",从句the colour was a littlebrighter句意和结构完整,只需用引导词that,故选except that。
2. -Can you tell me all about the earthquake?
-Sorry,I know nothing about it ______I read in thenewspaper.
A.exceptB.exceptfor C. exceptwhatD. except that
析:Key :C。因从句中read为及物动词,且其后无宾语,故选except what。
3. Mr Green usually goes to work by bus ________ it rains.
A.besidesB.except when C. exceptwhatD.beside
析:Key:B。由于it rains为从句,故排除A、D,且rains为不及物动词,不需要宾语,故排除C。except when意为"除了当……的时候"。
(3)except for与except that有时可互相转换。例如:
1. Your composition is very good except for a few spellingmistakes.
=Your composition is very good except that there are a few spellingmistakes.
2. The village is very quiet except for some birds singing in thewoods.
=The village is very quiet except that there are some birds singingin the woods.
三、besides的用法--"包括式"
besides相当于as well as,意为"除了……以外还有……",即"除去一部分还有另外一部分"的意思,表示besides后面的部分包括在整体之内。例如:
1. Does John know any other foreign language ________ French.
A.exceptB.butC.besidesD. beside
析:Key:C。由本题中的信息词"any other foreignlanguage",可知选besides。
四、but的用法--"排除式"
but是"除了……以外"的意思,相当于except。
(1)but后也可以接名词或代词作宾语。例如:
1. They all went to the park ________ Mike and me.
A.besidesB.exceptforC.butD.beside
析:Key: C。因为all是信息词,且they与Mike and me是"同类项",根据句意应选C。
(2)but常与下列词连用:a.否定词no one, none, nothing等; b.疑问词who, what等;c.不定代词all, everyone等。例如:
1. Nothing but disaster would come from such aplan.这个计划只能招灾惹祸,别无益处。
2. Who but Tom would do such a thing?除了汤姆以外还有谁愿意干这种事?
(3)but后可接动词不定式。注意:当but前面有实义动词do以及其相应形式作谓语动词时,则其后跟不带"to"的动词不定式,反之加"to"。例如:
1. David could do nothing but ________ his teacher yesterdayafternoon.
A.helpB.helpedC.helpingD. to help
析:key:A。do nothing but...后应接动词原形,意为"除做……外什么也不做"。
2. The enemy had no choice but ________ their arms and ________.
A. lie down;giveinB. lay down;giveinC. to lay down;giveinD. to lie down;to give in
析:Key:C。have no choice but后应接带to的动词不定式,且and后的成分与动词不定式之间存在并列关系,故选C。
注意:but for是"要不是;没有……"的意思,常用于虚拟语气。例如:
But for your help, I would have failed. 要是没有你的帮助, 我早就失败了。
此外：apart from也可表示此意，其用法相当与besides, except for
