It is/was+...who/that强调句型使用频率很高,高考也很注重对它的考查,但该句型结构复杂,变化多样,在实际使用过程中很有难度。本文通过以下几个方面对强调句型进行较为全面的考察。
一、如果强调句型指现在或未来情况用It is,指过去情况用It was。
It was I that spent my first 18 yearsin Anqing.
It is I that spend my first 18 yearsin Anqing.
二、被强调部分往往是句子的主语、宾语、时间状语和地点状语,但有时也可强调比较复杂的内容,如时间状语从句、条件状语从句、not until...、not only...butalso...、...as well as...等结构。
(2007年重庆) It is not who is right but what isright __ is of importance.
A.whichB.itC.thatD. this
解析:句意:重要的不是谁对而是什么是对的。任何强调句都可以通过删除It is / was...that...来还原成非强调句。本句可以还原为Not who is right but what is right isof importance.本句因使用了not...but...(不是...而是...)所连接两个并列的主语从句使题目的难度加大了很多.本题正确答案是C.
三、被强调部分是人称代词时,原句用什么格,强调句也用什么格。
It was I that spentmy first 18 years in Anqing. ( )
It wasmethat spent my first 18 yearsin Anqing. ( )
解析:强调句型中的被强调部分只要从原句中照搬过来就行,不要改变原句中主宾格,时态和数.作题时可以试图通过把强调句转换成非强调句来判断.
四、关于强调词的选用,强调人时可用who或that;如果不强调人一律用that。此时绝不能和定语从句混淆,被强调部分为时间状语、地点状语或者原因状语时不能误用when、where或why。
It was him who/that I saw the day beforeyesterday.
解析:该句原句为:I saw him the daybeforeyesterday.该句指过去情况,所以强调句型应使用It was开头;被强调部分为原句宾语—宾格人称代词him,所以强调句型仍用him作被强调部分;被强调部分指人,所以用who或that。
It was in the street that I methimyesterday.
解析:该句原句为:I met him in thestreetyesterday.该句仍指过去情况,所以强调句型仍以It was开头,被强调部分虽为地点状语,但不能用where,只能用that。
It was because he was seriouslyill that he died.
解析:该句原句为:He died because hewas seriouslyill.被强调部分为结构复杂的原因状语从句,但不能用why,只能用that。
五、强调句型的一般疑问句结构为:Is /Was it…who/that…?
Was it during the Second WorldWarthat he died?
解析:该句虽不以It was开头,而以Was it开头,是强调句型的一般疑问句形式。所以当被强调部分为时间状语时,应用that。
六、强调句型的特殊疑问句结构为:特殊疑问词+is /was it that…?(强调句型的特殊疑问句只能强调特殊疑问词)
Where was it that you found yourlostpen?
解析:该句虽以Where开头,但后边的was it仍说明该句使用的是强调句型,被强调部分为特殊疑问词where,表地点,所以应使用that。又如:
When was it that yougot to know each other.
七、强调句型中的is /was前面可用must /may /might等表推测的情态动词。
It might be inthis room that he mether.
解析:该句It was的was前面虽用might,但该句仍然是强调句。
八、被强调部分为时间状语和地点状语时,有可能先接定语从句,再接强调句型,应多加思考,不能混用。
It was on October1st,1949 when he joined the Party that hewas killed.
解析:该句的中心不是说明1949年10月1日他入党,而是说1949年10月1日他被杀害,he joined theParty是定语从句,所以,首先是when引导的定语从句,然后是that强调句。又如:
It was in the place where the boysplayed thathe found thetextbook.
It was an old lady who opened thedoor when we knocked at it.
(2007 江西,34) I do not know her criticizing me, but___ is how she does it thatI objectto.
A.itB.thatC.thisD.which(A)
解析:句意,她批评我我不介意,但是我不赞同她批评我的方式.本题考察强调句.强调对象是宾语从句how she does it.本句还原成非强调句后结构就更加清晰了:I object to how she does it(=I objectto the way she criticizes me).
九、判断强调句型的使用是否正确的方法是将强调结构去掉,如果去掉强调结构后的句子仍然完整正确,强调句型就正确,否则就不正确。
It was six years ago that he wenttoTokyo.
解析:该句强调句型使用正确,因为去掉强调结构后,该句仍然是一正确句子。即:Six years ago he went toTokyo.这是处理强调句的一种非常有效且简便的方法.
十、"not...until..."句型的强调.强调until 短语或until 从句时,需要将原主句中not 与until 放在一起.做这类题时不能简单地将强调句还原成非强调句了.
It was not until they finished allthe exercises that the students left school. (原句:The students did not leave schooluntil they finished all the exercises.)
(2007 浙江,10) It ___ we had stayed together for acouple of weeks ___ i found we had a lot in common.
A. was until;when B. wasuntil; thatC. wasn't until;whenD. wasn't until;that(D)
十一、使用省略结构.此时强调句更容易和定语从句和状语从句混淆了.
--- When did you come back home lastnight?
---It was at about midnight ____it was beginning to rain.
A.whenB.whereC.whatD.that(A)
解析:本题就是强调句的省略.题中when 引导的是修饰midnight的定语从句.完整的句子应该是It was at about midnight when it wasbeginning to rain that we came back home.又如今年山东省的高考题:
30.---Where did you get to knowher?
---It was on the farm_____we worked. 『2007 山东』
A.thatB.thereC.whichD.where(D)
解析:It was on thefarmwherewe worked.= It was onthe farm where we worked thatI got to knowher.
本文来自http://blog.163.com/zhuxz789@126/blog/static/290492082007102411947106/