新世纪大学英语综合教程3Unit1课堂笔记及课后练习答案

NotesforUnit1,BookThree

I.KeyWordsandUsefulExpressions(TextA)

1.appropriate(L.4)

1)adj.~(for/to)suitable;rightandproper适当的;合适的;正当的

运动服用于正式婚礼中是不适当的。

Sportsclothesarenotappropriateforaformalwedding.

他郑重其事的讲话方式适合于那个场合。

Hisformalstyleofspeakingwasappropriatetotheoccasion.

2)vt.

a)take(sth.)forone’sownuse,esp.withoutpermissionorillegally拿(某事物)为己所用(尤指未经获准或非法者);擅用;挪用;盗用

他被控告挪用俱乐部基金。Hewasaccusedofappropriatingclubfunds.

b)~sth.forsth:put(esp.money)ononesideforaspecialpurpose拨出(尤指款项)

为新的训练计划已经拨款5000英镑。

£5000hasbeenappropriatedforanewtrainingscheme.

2.thinadj.(L.5)derogatoryfigurativeofpoorqualityorlackingsomeimportantingredient;feeble质量差的;缺乏某些重要成分的;弱的;无力的

总是用同样的借口就不足为信了。Thesameexcuseiswearingthin.

书评家认为她最近写的那部小说没什么意思。Thecriticsfoundherlatestnovelratherthin.

3.ground(L.14)

1.n.[C](esp.pl.)~(forsth./doingsth./todosth.)reason(s)orjustificationforsaying,doingorbelievingsth.说、做或相信某事的原因或理由

你没有抱怨的理由。Youhavenogroundsforcomplaining.

你根据什么提出那项控告?Onwhatgroundsdoyoumakethataccusation?

2.v.(on)basebeliefs,etconsth.将信仰建立于某事物的基础上

以事实为根据来立论groundone’sargumentsonfacts

基础坚实的理论awell-groundedtheory

4.pursue(L.19)vt.

1)(continueto)beoccupiedorbusywith(sth.);goonwith(继续)从事或忙于(某事物);进行

她决定在获得学士学位之后继续深造。

Shedecidedtopursueherstudiesafterobtainingherfirstdegree.

2)follow(sb./sth.),esp.inordertocatchorkill;chase追赶,追逐(某人/某物);(尤指)追捕,追杀;追寻;追求

警察在高速公路上追赶被盗的车辆。

Thepolicepursuedthestolenvehiclealongthemotorway.

5.take(no/great)pleasurein(doing)sth.(L.23)

enjoy/notenjoy(doing)sth.以/不以(做)某事为乐;喜欢/不喜欢(做)某事

她似乎对我们的痛苦幸灾乐祸。Sheseemedtotakepleasureinoursuffering.

他们特别喜欢旅行并摄下沿途各种各样的桥梁。

Theytakegreatpleasureintravelingandtakingpicturesofvariousbridgesontheirway.

6.(in)sofaras/(that)(L.24)totheextentthat到…程度

就你不会制造麻烦而言,你来此是受欢迎的。

Youarewelcomehereinsofarasyoudon'tcauseproblems.

只要你是学生,便可免费使用该图书馆。

Insofarasyouareastudent,youarefreetousethelibrary.

7.regulatevt.(L.27)

1)controlordirect(sth.)lawfulorcorrect使(某事物)合法化或合乎规律

约束行为/限制消费/节制生活方式/管理交通

regulateone’sconduct/expenditure/lifestyle/thetraffic

2)adjust(anapparatus,amechanism,etc)sothatitfunctionsasdesired;control(speed,pressure,etc)inthisway调校,校准(仪器,机械等);控制(速度,压力等)

自然光有助于调校你的生物钟,所以你要多做户外运动。

Naturallighthelpstoregulateyourbiologicalclock,soexerciseoutdoorsifyoucan.

8.asto/regardssth.(L.48)withregardtosth.;regardingsth.至于某事物;提到某事物

谈到批改我们的作业,老师总是让我们自己决定。

Astocorrectingourhomework,theteacheralwaysmakesusdoitourselves.

至于应该穿什么衣服,并没有硬性规定。

Therearenospecialrulesasregardswhatclothesyoushouldwear.

9.convictionn.(L.50)

1)[U,C]~(forsth.)(instance)(ofajuryorjudge)declaringinalawcourtthatsb.isguilty(ofacrime)定罪,定刑

她有六次因盗窃而被判刑。Shehassixconvictionsfortheft.

2.[U,C](~that…)firmopinionorbelief坚定的看法或信仰

我深信自满情绪是我们各种问题的根源。

It’sconvictionthatcomplacencyisattherootofourtroubles.

你是否一贯地本着你的信念行事?

Doyoualwaysactinaccordancewithyourconvictions?

派生词:convictv.~sb.(ofsth.)(指陪审团或法官)宣判某人有(…)罪

10.possessvt.(L.54)

1)have(sth.)asone’sbelongingsorasaquality持有(某事物);具有(某品质)

他决定放弃他所有的一切,出家为僧。

Hedecidedtogiveawayeverythinghepossessedandbecomeamonk.

他有做好这项工作必备的耐性和应变能力吗?

Doeshepossessthenecessarypatienceandtacttodothejobwell?

2)controlordominate(aperson’smind)控制,支配(人的思想)

是什么驱使你做出那种事的?Whatpossessedyoutodothat?

她好像着了魔似的。Sheseemedtobepossessed(bythedevil).

派生词:possessionn.领有,持有;所有物,财产

习语:likeonepossessed猛烈地, 拼命地(如同发疯或有妖魔附体一般)

11.preservevt.(L.56)

1)keep(sth.)inanunchangedorperfectcondition保护,维护

一个保养得很好的八十老翁averywell-preservedmanofeighty

维护和平的努力已经失败了。Effortstopreservethepeacehavefailed.

2)avoidlosing(sth.);retain使(某事物)不受损失;保持

她不管遇到什么情况都竭力保持着幽默感。

Shemanageddespiteeverythingtopreservehersenseofhumor.

做那样的工作很难保持自尊。It’sdifficulttopreserveone’sself-respectinthatjob.

3)keep(food)fromdecay(bybottling,drying,freezing,etc.)(用装瓶装罐,干燥,冷冻等法)保存(食物)

盐和调味品有助于保藏肉类。Saltandspiceshelptopreservemeat.

夏天收获的大量水果可冷藏或装瓶装罐加以保存。

Inthesummer,largecropsoffruitmaybepreservedbyfreezingorbottling.

12.commitmentn.(L.61)

1)[C](~tosth./todosth.)thingonehaspromisedtodo;pledge;undertaking承诺,保证;承担

我目前操劳过度——应承的事情太多了。

I’moverworkedatthemoment―I’vetakentoomanycommitments.

2)[U]stateofbeingdedicatedordevoted(tosth.)致力,献身(于某事物)

我们在寻求对此工作真正能尽职尽责的人。

We’relookingforsomeonewitharealsenseofcommitmenttothejob.

同源词:

conmitvt.使某人(自己)不能不做某事或不做另事(尤指因有承诺);犯(错误或非法之事)

II.KeyWordsandUsefulExpressions(TextB)

1.watchfula.(L.3)警惕的,注意的,警戒的

他们是在他们父亲的监视下参加舞会的。

Theyattendeddancesunderthewatchfuleyeoftheirfather.

警察密切地注意着那个人的一举一动。

Thepolicekeptawatchfuleyeoneverymoveoftheman.

2.castaneye/one’seye(s)oversb./sth.(L.3)很快地看或查某人/某事物

你看一下这些计算数字,检查是否正确,好吗?

Wouldyoucastyoureyeoverthesecalculationstocheckthattheyarecorrect?

3.tearsth.down(L.16-17)弄倒某物;拆除某物

他们正在拆除这些旧房子以便建一座新办公楼。

They’retearingdowntheseoldhousestobuildanewofficeblock.

4.keena.(L.20)热心的,喜欢的;(感觉)灵敏的,敏锐的

我不太喜欢爵士乐。I’mnottookeenonjazz.

我的视力敏锐。Ihavekeeneyesight.

5.figurev.(L.32)出现或被提及(尤指引人注目的);想,估计

这是在她多部小说中出现的一个人物

Thisisacharacterthatfiguresinmanyofhernovels.

我料想你不会来。Ifigure(that)youwouldn’tcome.

6.keep/losetrackofsb./sth.(L.38)与某人/某事保持/失去联系

我说不准现在的确切时间Ilosttrackoftime.

与中学时的所有老校友都保持联系是很困难的。

It’shardtokeeptrackofallone’soldschoolfriends.

7.(as)sureasfate/aseggsiseggs/asI’mstandinghere(L.72)

的的确确;千真万确

他确实是死了。Heisdead,assureaseggsiseggs.

8.gaze(L.89)久久地凝视,注视(通常指因惊讶或赞赏)

我告诉她这消息时,她以怀疑的目光注视着我。

ShegazedatmeindisbeliefwhenItoldherthenews.

他只是坐着呆呆地望着窗外。Hejustsatgazingthroughthewindow.

III.KeytotheExercise(p20—27)

EnhanceYourLanguageAwareness

WORDSINACTION

WorkingwithWordsandExpressions

1.1)bound2)appropriate3)possessing4)permanent5)appointed

6)parted7)hadcorresponded8)gazed9)notion10)keen

11)preserve12)grasped13)figured14)grounded15)sensible

16)attribute17)united18)pursue19)commitments20)regulating

2.1)distinguishbetween2)checkedupon3)torndown4)makeafortune

5)allofasudden6)losttrackof7)Castinganeyeover8)brokeup

9)takepleasurein10)describedas11)turnedup12)insofaras

13)isunderarrest14)passon15)asto

IncreaingYourWordPower

1.3)approval4)betrayal5)burial6)dismissed7)disposal8)proposal

9)refusal10)removal11)survival12)withdrawal

2.1)refusal2)arrivals3)removal4)dismissal5)survival

6)proposal7)disposal8)approval

3.1)e2)c3)b4)a5)d

GRAMMARREVIEW

1.1)whichevertentyouarenotusingnow

2)whoevercomes/comefirst

3)whichever/whateverconditionourcaptainthoughtwasthebest

4)Wherever/NomatterwhereIgo

5)whateverwishestheirchild/childrenexpresses/express

6)Howeverdisappointed/Nomatterhowdisappointedyoumayfeelaboutthesurroundings/environment/situation

7)Whoeverbreaksit

8)wheneverheconcentratesonaproblem

2.1)Itisnotluckbuthardworkthatledhimtotoday’ssuccess.

2)Prof.Moenarguesthatitisenergythatmakestheworldgoround.

3)Itwasnotuntilhehadprovedhewashonestthathewonthefamily’strust.

4)Itwasclearlytheheadmasterhimselfwho/thatopenedthedoorforme.

5)NONE

CLOZE

1)classical2)notion3)utility4)ground5)occurs6)goodness

7)asto8)possesses9)preserve10)bound11)mirror

12)virtuous13)commitment14)moralexcellence

TRANSLATION

1.1)以共同兴趣为基础的友谊是不容易破裂的。(ground;breakup)

Thefriendshipgroundedoncommon/sharedinterestdoesnotbreakupeasily./Itisnoteasyforthefriendshipgroundedoncommon/sharedinteresttobreakup.

2)孩子们必须学会将电脑游戏中的暴力与勇敢区分开来。(dustinguishbetween;violence)

Childrenmustlearntodistinguishbetweenviolenceandbravery/courageincomputergames.

3)当今世界每天涌现如此多新鲜事物,要求一个人什么都知晓是不合情理的。(sensible)

Therespringupsomanynewthingseverydayintheworldthatitisnolongersensibletoexpectapersontoknow/keeptrackofeverything.

4)诸如背弃朋友(betrayaltofriends)这类事并不受法律制约,所以才有了我们称作的“道德法庭”。(regulate)

Lawsdonotregulatesuchthingsasbetrayaltofriends;thatiswhythereiswhatwecalled“thecourtofmorality”.

5)有人把今天的文化描述为“快餐文化”。无论做什么事,人们只是追求用最短时间达到最大的满足。(descrbeas;pursue)

Today’scultureisdescribedas“fast-foodculture”.Whatevertheymaybe/aredoing,peoplejustpursuethegreates/maximumsatisfactionwithintheshortesttime.

6)常言说,天下没有免费的午餐。如果你想要什么,就得去挣。(asthesayinggoes)

Asthesayinggoes,thereisnosuchthingasafreelunch.Ifyouwantsomething,goandearn/workforit.

2.Asiscommonlyacknowledged/Itiscommonlyrecognizedthathumansaresocialanimals.Bondedtogetherinacommunity,wenaturallyexpecttohavefriends.Astowhatfriendshipis,peoplehavedifferentnotions/ideas.Somemakefriendsformutualutility.Oncethegroundforsuchfriendshipdisappears,thefriendshipalsobreaksup.However,alotmorepeoplelongfor“soulpals”—thosewhopossessvirtuesandwithwhomwecangothroughtrialsandtribulationstogether.Suchfriendshipskeepusawayfromgreedandviolenceandencourageustohavethecourageofourconvictions.Suchiswhatwecall“trueandperfectfriendship”.

WritingGuide:Letterwriting

Lettersareimportantmeansofcommunication.Generallyspeaking,therearetwotypesofletters,businesslettersandpersonalletters.By“business”wedonotmeanbuying,selling,orexchanginggoodswithpeopleorcompaniesbutimportantmatterswehavetodiscussordealwith.Businesslettersmaybearecommendation,ajob/schoolapplication,aninquiry,ananswer,aninvitation,acomplaint,etc.inotherwords,allletterswhicharenot“personal”are“business”letters.

Generallyspeaking,anEnglishletterismainlycomposedofthefollowingparts:

1.Theheading(发信日期及写信人地址)

2.Theinsideaddress(收信人姓名职称机构及地址)

3.Thesalutation(称呼)

4.Thebody(正文)

5.Thecomplimentaryclose(结束语)

6.Thesignature(写信人署名签字)

Theheading(发信日期及写信人地址)

Theheadinggivesthefulladdressofthewriterandthedateoftheletter.Itisusuallywrittenortypedintheupperright-handcornerofthefirstpage.

TheBritishmayputacommaaftereachlineintheheadingandendtheaddresswithaperiod,buttheAmericandonot:

BritishAmerica

Ms.JenniferStone,Ms.JenniferStone

20FairviewDrive,20FairviewDrive

Eastbourne,BN182BU,Eastbourne,BN182BU

EnglandEngland

Theinsideaddress(收信人姓名职称机构及地址)

Theinsideaddress,whichisoftenomittedinpersonalletters,givesthenameandfulladdressoftheaddressee.Itgoesabovethesalutation.Asintheheading,theuseornonuseofendpunctuationsdependsonthepreferenceofthewriter.

Thesalutation(称呼)

Thesalutationisagreetingtotheaddressee.Itiswrittenflushwiththeleftmargintwospacesbelowtheinsideaddress.TheBritishtendtouseacommaafterthesalutationandtheAmericans,acolon,especiallyinabusinessletter.Thefirstname(Christianname)maybeusedinfriendlypersonalletters.Butinthesalutationofabusinessletter,thesurnameoftheaddresseeisused,asinthefollowingexamples:

DearProfessor/Prof.Smith:/,

DearMr./Dr.Stein;/,

DearMs.Santos;/,(orDearMissSantos;/,)

DearMs.Singh;/,(orDearMrs.Singh;/,)

Inletterstoorganizations,ortopersonswhosenamesyoudonotknow,thefollowinggreetingsareused:

DearSir:(orDearMadam:orDearSirorMadam:ifyoudonotknowthesexofyouraddressee)

Towhomitmayconcern:(onformaloccasionsandwhenyoudonotknowthenameoftheletterreceiver)

Dearcolleague:(toapersonwhoisofthesameprofessionasthewriter,andusuallyusedwhenyouaresendingacircular[通知]tomanypeople)

Thebody(正文)

Inthebodyoftheletter,allparagraphsshouldstartfromtheleftmargin(theblockstyle,齐头式)orbeginwithanequalindention(theindentedstyle,缩行式),andtheletterisusuallysingle-spacedwithintheparagraphanddoublespacedbetweenparagraphs(esp.intheblockstyle).

Thecomplimentaryclose(结束语)

Theclosingofabusinessletterconsistsofthreeparts:complimentaryclose,signature,andthetypedname.Inthecomplimentaryclose,onlythefirstwordiscapitalized.Thecloseisfollowedbyacomma.Theconventionalcomplimentaryclosesinbusinesslettersare:“Yourstruly,”“Yourssincerely,”“Sincerelyyours,”“Sincerely,”“Cordiallyyours,”“Yourscordially,”.

Thecloseofapersonalletterisofamorefreechoice.“Affectionately,”“Fondly,”“Yourswithlove,”“Withbestwishes,”“Love,”“Yours,”“Asever,”etc.,canbeusedapartfrom“Yourssincerely,”“Yourstruly,”etc.;whichoneoftheseyouusedependsonyourexactrelationshipwiththeaddressee.

Theclosingcanbeputeitherontheright-handsideorleft-handsideofthepage.Somewritersevenprefertohaveitinthemiddleortwospacesbelowthelastlineoftheletter.

TheSignature(写信人署名签字)

Inabusinessletterthehandwritingsignatureisplacedbetweenthecomplimentarycloseandthetypednameofthewriter,andthewriter’sofficialcapabilityisindicatedafterthetypedname.

Inapersonalletter,youmaysignyourfullname.Yourfirstname,orevenanicknameinaccordancewithyourrelationshipwiththeaddressee.Ifyousendalongwithyourlettersuchthingsasaresume,acheck,areceipt,etc.,writeEnclosure(s)orEnc.toremindtheaddresseethatbesidestheletter,thereisanothermaterialintheenvelope.

Ifyouhappentohavesomethingadditionaltosayafteryouhavefinishedtheletter,youmaybeginwithP.S.,whichstandsfor“postscript”,andthenwritewhatyouwishtoadd.

BefamiliarwiththeformatoftheEnglishletterDirections:Readthefollowinglettercarefully.TrytogetmorefamiliarwitheachpartofanEnglishletter.

Sample

EnglishDepartment

BeijingForeignStudiesUniv.

新世纪大学英语综合教程3Unit1课堂笔记及课后练习答案

Beijing,100081

China

September5,1993

Editor

NewsweekInternational

444MadisonAvenue

NewYork,NY10022

U.S.A.

DearEditor:

IreadinNewsweek(September14,1987)thatanupdatedsecondeditionoftheunabridgedRandomHouseDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguageisbeingpublished.IwouldbeverygratefulifyoucouldgivemesomeinformationonwhereandhowIcangetacopyofthedictionaryandifthereisalessexpensiveeditionthantheonedescribed.

Thankyouforanyhelpyoucangiveme.

Sincerely,

(Signature)

LinHuafeng

  

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