范守义译:《坎特伯雷》开场白nun

英语翻译交流网

英汉对照:《坎特伯雷故事集》(总引)写nun的那一段

英汉对照:《坎特伯雷》开场白写nun的那一段

There was also a nun, aPRIORESS,
Who, in her smiling, modest was and coy;
Her greatest oath was but "By Saint Eloy!"
And she was called Madam Eglantine.
Very well she sang the service divine,
Intoning through her nose, becomingly;
And she spoke French fairly and fluently,
After the school of Stratford-at-the-Bow,
For French of Paris style she didn't know.
At table her manners were well taught withall,
And never let morsels from her lips fall,
Nor dipped her fingers deep in sauce, but ate
With so much care the food upon her plate
That no drop could fall upon her breast.
In courtesy she had delight and zest.
Her upper lip was always wiped so clean
That on her cup no speck or spot was seen
Of grease, when she had drunk her draught of wine.
Graciously she reached for food to dine.
And certainly delighting in good sport,
She was very pleasant, amiable - in short.
She was in pains to imitate the cheer
Of courtliness, and stately manners here,
And would be held worthy of reverence.

But, to speak about her moralsense,
She was so charitable and solicitous
That she would weep if she but saw a mouse
Caught in a trap, whether it were dead or bled.
She had some little dogs, that she fed
On roasted flesh, or milk and fine white bread.
But sorely she wept if one of them were dead,
Or if men smote it with a stick to smart:
Then pity ruled her, and her tender heart.
Very seemly her pleated wimple was;
Her nose was fine; her eyes were grey as glass;
Her mouth was small and therewith soft and red;
But certainly her forehead was fairly spread;
It was almost a full span broad, I own,
To tell the truth, she was not undergrown.
Her cloak, as I was well aware, had a graceful charm
She wore a small coral trinket on her arm
A string of beads and gauded all with green;
And therefrom hung a brooch of golden sheen
Whereon there was engraved a crowned "A,"
And under, Amor vincit omnia.


(1):拉丁文,意为“爱战胜一切”。饰针上的A即这句话的第一个大写字母。

范守义译:

还有个修女是院长嬷嬷,
满面笑容诚挚又温和。
她效法圣罗伊从不发誓,
起了个芳名叫玫瑰女士。
范守义译:《坎特伯雷》开场白nun
礼拜式上唱颂歌动听优美,
浑圆的鼻音平添一分韵味。
她的法语讲得高雅而清畅,
但是带有很浓重的伦敦腔----
她是在斯特拉弗学的法语,
地道的巴黎法语不会半句。
餐桌规矩她可懂得不少,
从她口中一颗饭粒也不掉;
手指不会伸进菜汤给沾湿,
如何捏着面包她都在意,
不让一星半点渣子落胸前,
她最讲究斯斯文文地用餐。
两片朱唇擦得干干净净,
在口杯上不留一丝油痕;
饮料喝完后再去拿食物,
一举一动都文雅而不俗。
她的性格开朗,乐乐呵呵,
谈吐有风趣,待人很温和。
学习宫廷礼节用心良苦,
举止端庄稳重颇有风度,
她的行为值得大家仰慕,
一副善良心肠人人佩服。

仁慈宽厚还有恻隐之心,
即使见到鼠儿落入陷阱,
也会抽抽泣泣伤心落泪;
她养了几只小狗亲自喂,
每天都给面包牛奶烤肉;
倘若有人用棍猛击小狗,
或者爱犬死了她就要哭,
真是个心软肠柔的妇女。
头巾叠了几褶大方得体,
鼻子俊俏,眼珠似灰玻璃,
樱桃般的小口殷红柔软
额头漂亮,一道皱纹不见,
她的上额足足有一掌宽;
确实她那并不矮的身段,
穿上长袍看去十分雅致,
一串珊瑚念珠套在左臂,
绿色的大珠子夹在其间,
一枝金质饰针挂在上面,
镂雕着一个王冕装饰的A,
下方镌刻着Amor vincit omnia(1)。


范守义译:

There was also a nun, a PRIORESS,
Who, in her smiling, modest was and coy;
Her greatest oath was but "By Saint Eloy!"
And she was called Madam Eglantine.
Very well she sang the service divine,
Intoning through her nose, becomingly;
And she spoke French fairly and fluently,
After the school of Stratford-at-the-Bow,
For French of Paris style she didn't know.
At table her manners were well taught withall,
And never let morsels from her lips fall,
Nor dipped her fingers deep in sauce, but ate
With so much care the food upon her plate
That no drop could fall upon her breast.
In courtesy she had delight and zest.
Her upper lip was always wiped so clean
That on her cup no speck or spot was seen
Of grease, when she had drunk her draught of wine.
Graciously she reached for food to dine.
And certainly delighting in good sport,
She was very pleasant, amiable - in short.
She was in pains to imitate the cheer
Of courtliness, and stately manners here,
And would be held worthy of reverence.

还有个修女是院长嬷嬷,
满面笑容诚挚又温和。
她效法圣罗伊从不发誓,
起了个芳名叫玫瑰女士。
礼拜式上唱颂歌动听优美,
浑圆的鼻音平添一分韵味。
她的法语讲得高雅而清畅,
但是带有很浓重的伦敦腔----
她是在斯特拉弗学的法语,
地道的巴黎法语不会半句。
餐桌规矩她可懂得不少,
从她口中一颗饭粒也不掉;
手指不会伸进菜汤给沾湿,
如何捏着面包她都在意,
不让一星半点渣子落胸前,
她最讲究斯斯文文地用餐。
两片朱唇擦得干干净净,
在口杯上不留一丝油痕;
饮料喝完后再去拿食物,
一举一动都文雅而不俗。
她的性格开朗,乐乐呵呵,
谈吐有风趣,待人很温和。
学习宫廷礼节用心良苦,
举止端庄稳重颇有风度,
她的行为值得大家仰慕,
一副善良心肠人人佩服。

But, to speak about her moral sense,
She was so charitable and solicitous
That she would weep if she but saw a mouse
Caught in a trap, whether it were dead or bled.
She had some little dogs, that she fed
On roasted flesh, or milk and fine white bread.
But sorely she wept if one of them were dead,
Or if men smote it with a stick to smart:
Then pity ruled her, and her tender heart.
Very seemly her pleated wimple was;
Her nose was fine; her eyes were grey as glass;
Her mouth was small and therewith soft and red;
But certainly her forehead was fairly spread;
It was almost a full span broad, I own,
To tell the truth, she was not undergrown.
Her cloak, as I was well aware, had a graceful charm
She wore a small coral trinket on her arm
A string of beads and gauded all with green;
And therefrom hung a brooch of golden sheen
Whereon there was engraved a crowned "A,"
And under, Amor vincit omnia.

仁慈宽厚还有恻隐之心,
即使见到鼠儿落入陷阱,
也会抽抽泣泣伤心落泪;
她养了几只小狗亲自喂,
每天都给面包牛奶烤肉;
倘若有人用棍猛击小狗,
或者爱犬死了她就要哭,
真是个心软肠柔的妇女。
头巾叠了几褶大方得体,
鼻子俊俏,眼珠似灰玻璃,
樱桃般的小口殷红柔软
额头漂亮,一道皱纹不见,
她的上额足足有一掌宽;
确实她那并不矮的身段,
穿上长袍看去十分雅致,
一串珊瑚念珠套在左臂,
绿色的大珠子夹在其间,
一枝金质饰针挂在上面,
镂雕着一个王冕装饰的A,
下方镌刻着Amor vincit omnia(1)。

(1):拉丁文,意为“爱战胜一切”。饰针上的A即这句话的第一个大写字母。
http://zhidao.baidu.com/link?url=js3pqDf1l7w8OMk2iYtOdDbOmndP9cK4DfHX1BYzFZuXHVWMCSTZVkR37P-ItEzlSWVGAQaqqRP2H-mrR5ZjVa
摘要:该篇论文开门见山直接引出在一般英语学习者中普遍存在的问题,即他们不能将英文的材料忠实而通顺的用汉语表达出来。接着,该文提出要攻克英译汉难关必须首先掌握并理解英译汉的三个重要环节—正确理解、充分表达、校正润色,并采用举例的方式对如何做到正确理解和充分表达做了详细论述。 
关键词:英译汉;重要环节;正确理解;充分表达;校正润色
身为一名高校的英语老师,经常学生会问我一些有关英语学习方面的问题。在从事英语教学的这几年当中,我发现无论是英语专业的学生,还是非英语专业的学生;无论是基本功较好的学生,还是较差的学生,都存在同样一个问题,那就是他们无法把所阅读的文章忠实而通顺的用汉语表达出来。事实上,大多数的英语学习者和爱好者都觉得英译汉比汉译英难。但无论是汉译英,还是英译汉,都是一项艰苦的创造性的语言实践活动,而这一语言实践活动离不开它的理论指导。也就是说,对于一般的英语学习者,要做好英译汉,除了掌握两门语言的基本知识、社会文化外,还要掌握基本的翻译理论,并将其应用于翻译实践中。
著名的翻译理论家范守义曾写道:“翻译不外乎理解与表达两个步骤。”[1]这一点看起来简单,做起来却很难,因为要做到理解、表达并不难,难的是要做到正确理解和充分表达,因此对于一般英语学习者来说,英译汉应包括三个重要环节,即正确理解、充分表达、校正润色。
所谓正确理解是指在动笔翻译之前边读原文边思考和想象的过程,是正确认识和把握原文的思想内容、感情和风格等的过程。正确理解是充分表达的前提条件。那如何才能做到正确理解呢?
首先,要正确理解词的准确意义。英语词汇和汉语词汇一样,一词多义的现象很多,还有一些词既有褒义又有贬义,还有一些词的含义随着历史演变、社会发展和技术进步而发生了改变。在英译汉时,若不仔细推敲,很难通顺地将其翻译出来,稍有不慎,还可能闹笑话,或者即使你认识原文的每一个字,依然翻译不出来。这里列举几个例子加以说明。
例1 He has the reputation of being a bloodsucker.
She has made a reputation for herself through hard work.
这个例子中的两个句子都含有reputation,字典里对于reputation的解释是“名声;名誉;名气”。很显然reputation既有贬义又有褒义,但是如果你忽略了这个词的贬义,那么第一个句子(“他是一个恶名远扬的吸血鬼”)就很难通顺的翻译出来。
例2 John can be relied on for he eats no fish and plays the game.
这个例子中如果你不知道to eat no fish 和to play the game分别是典故和习语,就会误译成“约翰为人可靠,他一向不吃鱼而且经常玩游戏。”to eat no fish出自一个典故,指英国伊丽莎白女王时代,耶稣教徒为了表示对政府的忠诚,拒绝遵守反政府的罗马天主教徒在星期五只吃鱼的习俗。因此,to eat no fish(不吃鱼)是表示“忠诚”的意思。to play the game和to play fair(规规矩矩的比赛)同义,由此转义为公平的对待,举止光明正大,为人正直等。
例3The farmer whose pig was killed by an automobile was raving mad. “Don’t worry,”, said the motorist, trying to comfort the owner. “I’ll replace your pig.” “You can’t”, growled the farmer, “you ain’t fat enough!”.
在这个例子中,从农夫的语言中可以判断出他没有受过良好的教育,因此他对replace一词的理解只限于“替代”,他不知道replace还可以表示“偿还”。当motorist对他说:“我会把猪赔给你”时,他却以为motorist要做他的猪,而生气的喊道:“你不行,你不够肥!”这是多大的笑话呀。
其次,要根据语境来确定表达方式。例如要将“It’s freezing cold here.”译成汉语。在不同的语境下译文也不同。译为“这里冷的要死。”,仅提供信息,向在场的听者说明这里冷;译为“这里好冷呀。”表示请求,希望听着打开暖气;译为“这里可真凉快。”作为反语,抱怨说话的地方太热。
最后,在翻译之前要弄清说话人的意图,然后再决定表达方式。比如翻译Harry is a professor, but he can not spell.若译为“哈里是个教授,奇怪的是他不会拼写。”则表示惊奇;若译为“哈里是个教授,但是他不会拼写。”则表示对事实的陈述。
当你正确地理解了原文,接下来就要把你所理解的内容忠实而通顺地用汉语充分表达出来。所谓的充分表达,即利用目的语的驾驭能力,完全而恰如其分地表达原文的思想内容,立场感情和风格笔调。表达的好坏主要决定于对原文理解的深度以及对译文语言的修养程度。常用的表达方法就是直译和意译。在我国长达2000年的翻译史上,对于应该采用直译还是意译来翻译文章,众说纷纭。其实,直译还是意译,是由被译文章本身决定的,不是译者本身所能控制的。应该遵循的原则是:该直译时便直译,该意译时便意译,也可直译与意译相结合。例如:Ruth was upsetting the other children, so I showed her the door.[ 3]译为“鲁丝一直在扰乱别的孩子,我就吧她撵了出去。”在这个译句中,前一部分是直译,后半部分是意译。如若吧“so I showed her the door”译为“我把门指给她看”不能够确切通顺的表达原意。
最后一个环节就是校正润色了。翻译如同写作一样,要经过精心的修改。但是,大多数的人在翻译时往往只过一遍,译完便完,不做任何修改,这一点是极不可取的。译文不仅要校正而且还要校正两遍。第一遍看译文在人名、地名、日期、方位、数字、标点符号等方面有无错漏。译文中有无不妥的词、词组、句子。第二遍着重润色文字。
总之,在动笔翻译之前,掌握这三个重要环节是至关重要的。正确理解是充分表达的前提,而充分表达是正确理解的结果,校正润色则是使译文更加忠实通顺的必不可少的一步。
参考文献:
〔1〕范守义.《英语学习》.2002年12期:1.
〔2〕王治奎.《大学英汉翻译教程》(修订本)山东大学出版社 1999年8月第2版.
〔3〕张培基.《英汉翻译教程》上海外语教育出版社 1980年9月第一版.
〔4〕郭著章.《英汉互译实用教程》(修订本)武汉大学出版 2001年6月修订版社.
〔5〕赵世平.《左学右练英语翻译写作(1)》西安交通大学出版社 1999年3月.

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