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南太平洋
The South Pacific.
耳熟的名字
The name is familiar,
但库克船长史诗般航行已过去230年
but 230 years after Captain Cook's epicvoyages,
这片广阔的海洋只留下少许为人所知
this vast ocean remains little known.
在无边无际的大海里
In the endless blue,
与世隔绝的岛屿庇护着罕见的生命
isolated islands harbour life that's rarelyseen.
那里有着海洋中最原始的海域
And these are some of the most pristine waters ofany ocean.
青绿色的大海和如画般岛屿
The turquoise seas
宛如人间天堂
and picture-postcard islands look like heaven onEarth.
但似乎一切并不是这样
But all is not what it seems.
南太平洋大自然同样也是残酷无情
The South Pacific also has an unforgivingnature.
海中火山爆发形成的岛屿
Islands born from volcanic seas
迸发出独特而异常的生命方式
erupt with unique and extreme ways oflife.
人们在这里成功对抗了不平等
People succeeded here against the odds.
南太平洋的故事是出乎意料...
The South Pacific is a tale of theunexpected...
一个被遗忘的
..a forgotten world
创造怪诞和神奇的隔绝世界
where isolation has created the bizarre andsurprising.
这是一个讲述海岛的生命故事
This is the story of life in an ocean ofislands.
出乎意料一个巨人从深处浮现
Out of the blue, a giant emerges from thedeep.
此刻怪兽静静地移动
Right now, the monster moves silently,
但它装备着一个可怕的力量
but it's equipped with an awesomeforce.
WATER WHISPERS
MUFFLED ROARING
GURGLING
一些世界上最大的海浪突然出现在南太平洋岛屿
Some of the largest waves in the world break onSouth Pacific islands.
它们的诞生能总结出这片海洋的规模
Their birth sums up the scale of thisocean.
被风暴增强的海浪奔袭3000哩
The storm swell that made these waves
到达这里的浅海暗礁
has travelled 3,000 miles to reach this shallowreef.
对那些流浪的动物来说是直接的大考验
These distances proved a great challenge foranimal castaways,
当它们找到新陆地时许多逐渐发展成新品种
but when they found new land, many evolved intonew species.
人类开拓者追随相似的路线
Human colonisers followed similarroutes,
与世隔绝的他们把海洋
and the ocean that isolated them from the rest ofthe world
变成了他们文明的中心
became central to their culture.
大海浪是灵感
The big waves were an inspiration,
带着他们的传统跨越了1500年
and riding them has been a tradition here for morethan 1,500 years.
没有其它海洋能比南太平洋对这么多
No other ocean has had a greater impact
不同的动物生命与文化有这么大的影响
on the lives of so many different animals andcultures than the South Pacific
如今它们全部达到巨大的规模
and it's all down to its massive size.
南太平洋太广阔了
The whole Pacific Ocean is so large,
你能将地球上的大陆放进去
you could fit the world's continents insideit
还有空间再放一个非洲
with nearly enough room for anotherAfrica.
1万哩宽陆地不足1%
Ten thousand miles wide, less than one per cent island.
最有名的是夏威夷群岛
Best known are the Hawaiian islands.
它们坐落在赤道以北1500哩
They sit 1,500 miles north of theequator,
但它们的故事却在南部成形
but their story was shaped by thesouth.
南太平洋由数千座岛屿组成
The South Pacific is made up of thousands ofislands
文明与界限被洋流联合起来
united by cultures and bound together by oceancurrents.
大部分岛屿座落在暖水海洋里
Most of the land sits in warm waters,
但遍阅南部岛屿的特色是不同的
but travel south and the character of the islandschange.
新西兰气候温和而不炎热
New Zealand is not tropical but temperate.
偶尔带来的冰山的洋流
The ocean currents which cool New Zealand'swaters
使得新西兰成为冷海域
occasionally bring icebergs.
从澳大利亚起它们漂泊了近8个月...
Starting in the Antarctic, they've drifted fornearly eight months...
途中经过南太平洋最南端的边远居民点
on the way, passing the most southerlyoutpost
in the South Pacific.
新西兰温和的大海融合了
Where New Zealand's temperate seasmerge
南大洋的寒冷海水
with the icy waters of the SouthernOcean,
一块陆地单独座落在...
lies a solitary piece of land...
麦加利岛
85英里被海浪抽打的海岸线
..85 miles of wave-lashed coastline.
看上去无人但并不荒芜
It looks desolate, but it's notdeserted.
一年中某些时段这里有比太平洋
At certain times of year, there's more lifehere
其它任何岛屿都有更多的生命存在
than on any other island in thePacific.
SEAL SNORTS
8月在海上数月后 象海豹到了
In August, after months at sea, elephant sealsarrive.
SEAL ROARS
它们需要岛来繁育
They depend on this island forbreeding.
麦加利岛不久将承载6000只象海豹
Macquarie will soon be heaving with 60,000 elephantseals,
但它们没有自己的海滩
but they won't have the beaches tothemselves.
1个月后另一波迁徙者出现在拍岸海浪中
One month later, another wave of migrants appearin the surf.
皇家企鹅
These are royal penguins,
这是它们7个月后首次在陆地露面
and they're about to have their first sighting ofland in seven months.
它们在开阔大海中靠捕食鱼虾来打发时间
They've spent that time hunting for fish andshrimp
in the open ocean.
它们回到陆地有个最后障碍
One last hurdle and they're back on terrafirma.
这些企鹅踏上的这个岛
This island is actually the only solidground
实际上只是一个固体地面
these penguins will ever set foot on.
麦加利岛最近的邻居在400多哩外
Macquarie's nearest neighbour is more than 400 milesaway,
并在它们喜欢的觅食场的反方向
and in the opposite direction from their favouritefeeding grounds.
BRAYING AND SQUAWKING
数天内第一批到达它们只有站的空间了
Within days of the first arrivals, it's standingroom only.
没人确切知道企鹅是靠什么导航回到麦加利岛
Nobody knows exactly how these penguins navigateback to Macquarie,
但每年有许多成年企鹅回到这里繁殖
but with this many adults returning every year tobreed,
这是明确的使命
it clearly works.
SQUAWKING AND BRAYING
STACCATO CRIES
在开阔海洋外，皇家企鹅是过着独居生活
Out in the open ocean, royal penguins leadsolitary lives,
所以这种狭窄环境需要慢慢地习惯
so these cramped conditions take a bit of gettingused to.
争端解决后又回到老相识的时间
Disputes settled, it's time to renew oldacquaintances.
象海豹也争端结束...
The elephant seals have also settleddown...
即使有些仍装出难以接近的样子
even if some still play hard to get.
SHE WAILS
虽然拒绝求婚者六次求爱是不容易的
Though it's not easy turning down theadvances
of a suitor six times your size.
温柔的鼻子爱抚显然赢得她的芳心
A gentle nuzzle, and she appears wonover.
DEEP-THROATED GURGLING
空气中不只有爱意
And it's not just love that's in theair.
在南方纬度地区
At these southerly latitudes,
海风带来一星期六天半的降雨
ocean winds bring rain six-and-a-half days out ofseven.
不下雨时
And when it doesn't rain...
就是下雪
it snows.
它与南太平洋群岛一成不变的形象
It couldn't be more different
没有更多的不同
from the cliched image of a South Pacificisland.
但惊奇的是什么使得麦加利岛的野生动物如此丰富
But surprisingly, what makes Macquarie so rich inwildlife
数千哩外炎热的南太平洋中的其它岛屿同样得益
also benefits other islands in the tropical SouthPacific,
thousands of miles away.
麦加利岛的企鹅和海豹依赖的是
Macquarie's penguins and seals depend
寒冷而又养分丰富且不在这里停留的洋流
on a cold, nutrient-rich current... and thatdoesn't stop here.
受到世上最强气流的推动
Powered by the strongest winds in theworld,
洋流不停地往东直到在
the current continues east
南美角遇阻
until it hits the tip of South America,
改道往北
where it's driven northwards.
经过8000哩后 寒冷的洋流抵达赤道
Over 8,000 miles later, the cold current reachesthe equator
及一个偏远的群岛...
and a remote archipelago...
加拉帕戈斯群岛
在往北的旅程中海水变暖些
The water has warmed up on the journeynorth,
但仍寒冷且养分丰富
but it's still cold and nutrient rich.
这样就让某些动物能生活在这里
This has allowed some animals to livehere
不接近赤道一般你是找不到的
which you wouldn't normally find this close to theequator.
海狮
Sea lions.
它们在与世隔绝的加拉帕戈斯群岛
Isolated on the Galapagos, they've been here solong
已很久了并成了一个独立的物种
they've become a separate species.
在拍岸浪花上
When the surf's up,
海狮花数小时在浪中嘻戏
the sea lions spend hours just messing around inthe waves.
拍岸浪有着很大的力量
Surfing burns a lot of energy, and they can onlydo it
但它们只能这么做因为寒冷的海洋供养着无数的鱼类
because these cold seas support vast numbers offish.
分享这些富含养分海水的，是海狮
The sea lions share these nutrient-richwaters
与其它不适合在赤道生存的动物
with another equatorial misfit.
企鹅
Penguins -
在热带安家的唯一企鹅
the only penguins found in the tropics.
象海狮一样，加拉帕哥斯企鹅幸存于此
Like the sea lions, Galapagos penguins can survivehere
依赖的是海水的低温和优质的食物
because the water keeps them cool and wellfed.
但这样的环境并不是一成不变的
But these conditionsare not constant.
在厄尔尼诺发生年份洋流逆转 暖水代替了冷水
In El Nino years, when currents reverse, warmwaters replace cold,
鱼群数量锐减
fish populations crash
受困于加拉帕戈斯的企鹅和海狮只有挨饿
and then, stuck on Galapagos, penguins and sealions starve.
它们的数量将逐渐恢复
Their numbers will bounce back,
这是它们为这些孤岛付出的生存代价
but it's the price these animals pay for life onthese isolated islands.
南太平洋有数千座岛屿
There are thousands of islands in the SouthPacific.
许多岛屿极其偏远
Many are unbelievably remote.
有些离最近的大陆有数千哩远
Some are thousands of miles away from the nearestcontinent
与最近的邻居有数百哩
and hundreds of miles from their nearestneighbour.
把个岛想像成一座城堡
Imagine each island as a castle,
海洋就是延伸到地平线每个方向的巨大护城河
and the ocean a giant moat stretching to thehorizon in every direction,
你能领略到它们隔绝的实质
and you have captured the essence of theirisolation.
真惊讶有些生命如何到达这些岛屿的
It's a wonder how any life reached these islandsat all.
但不管岛如何的偏远和微小
But no matter how remote or small an islandis,
动物们总有办法克服广阔海洋的障碍
animals have somehow conquered the massive oceanbarrier
来到这些尘埃般的陆地斑点上
to reach these specks of land.
对于少数到达的幸运儿
For the lucky few that made it,
南太平洋群岛提供了很多的机会
South Pacific islands provided greatopportunities.
一旦到这它们有不同的自由
Once here, they had the freedom to bedifferent.
蟹似乎并非不寻常
Crabs may not seem unusual,
但这里有一种与众不同
but there's one kind here that's like noother.
美托马岛
在瓦努阿图的这个小岛上生活着一种真正的怪物
On this little island in Vanuatu lives a realoddity.
是地球上最大的陆栖无脊椎动物
It's the largest terrestrial invertebrate onEarth...
盗蟹
..the robber crab.
最大的体重超过4公斤
The biggest can weigh up to four kilograms-
像新出生婴儿般大小
the same as a newborn baby -
一腿能跨1米
and have a leg span of one metre.
象用了激素的寄生蟹
It's a hermit crab on steroids.
晚上大盗开始活跃起来
At night, the huge "robbers" really comealive.
虽然这种蟹在太平洋能到处找到
Although these crabs are found throughout thePacific,
但只有在人迹罕至的岛屿上才能看到它们数量如此众多
it's only on undisturbed islands that you can seethem in such numbers.
为什么盗蟹长得如此之大是个谜团
Exactly why robber crabs have grown so big is amystery,
只有少数的动物能到达这些偏远的岛屿
but with so few creatures making it to theseremote islands,
大甲壳纲动物似乎填补了通常
the giant crustaceans
中型哺乳类动物的位置
seem to have filled a niche normally taken bymedium-sized mammals.
几乎没有天敌的竞争
And with almost no competition from other nativeanimals,
盗蟹的巨大体型让它们充分利用另一块大领地
the crabs' huge size allows them to make the mostof another great coloniser -
在这里能找到许多
something found here in abundance.
椰肉是它们最喜欢的食物
Coconuts are one of their favourite foods-
所以它们也叫椰子蟹
it's why they're also called "coconut crabs"-
已知它们能带着椰子跑回三哩外的穴居里
and they've been known to carry them as far asthree miles
已知它们能带着椰子跑回三哩外的穴居里
to a favourite den.
盗蟹或许是地球上唯一能打破椰子的动物
Robber crabs are perhaps the only animals in theworld
盗蟹或许是地球上唯一能打破椰子的动物
able to break into a coconut.
外壳被强力的钳子撕掉
The husk is ripped off by powerfulpincers.
其它腿钻通椰子自身的芽眼
Other legs drill through the germinating holes onthe seed itself
直到硬果最终破掉
until the nut finally cracks.
整个过程可能要数小时
The whole process can take severalhours,
奖赏是一顿富含蛋白质的美餐
but the reward is a meal rich inprotein.
盗蟹统治着陆地却不是海洋的主人
Robber crabs may rule the land, but they're nomasters of the sea.
成年蟹能下水数分钟
An adult crab would drown in a fewminutes,
浮上来却是个问题
which raises the question -
这个怪物怎么到南太平洋最孤立的岛有那么多？
how did these monsters get to so many of the SouthPacific's most isolated islands?
雌性带来了答案
This female carries the answer -
有数千枚卵
thousands of eggs,
会从洋流中幸存下来
which will soon be left to the mercy of the oceancurrents.
她摇动尾巴
A few shakes of her tail are all that'sneeded
把卵全部送上路
to send them on their way.
卵会立刻孵化
The eggs will hatch immediately.
幼体会在50天内找到新家摆脱困境
Then the larvae will have just 50 days to find anew home above the water.
对于漂流的动物来说
For animal castaways,
在广阔的海洋中找到新陆地的机会很小
finding new land in this vast ocean was a chancein a million.
THUNDER RUMBLES
更多的是运气而不是机会
To beat the odds, luck was needed,
有时候来自不太可能的原因
sometimes coming from an unlikelysource...
龙卷风
cyclones.
WIND WHISTLES
每年这些强大的热带风暴从广阔的海洋上空形成
Each year, these powerful tropical storms formover the huge ocean.
最大的龙卷风横跨600哩
The largest can span more than 600miles.
THUNDER ROLLS
龙卷风是南太平洋最具破坏力的力量
Cyclones are one of the most destructive forces inthe South Pacific.
令人惊讶的是它们扮演着使生命蔓延到
Yet surprisingly, they have played a criticalrole
与世隔绝岛屿的重要角色
in spreading life to the loneliestislands.
有几个岛甚至比这还遥远
And few islands are more remote thanthese.
夏威夷群岛
离最近的大陆2000哩远
Two thousand miles from the nearestcontinent,
夏威夷是世界上最隔绝的群岛
Hawaii is the world's most isolatedarchipelago.
它被抛得太远了
It is so far flung
至少500种动物定居在这里已3千万年
that less than 500 kinds of animal settled here in30 million years.
非同寻常许多开拓者都是被
Remarkably, many of these colonisers
接二连三的龙卷风带到夏威夷的
were carried to Hawaii on the back ofcyclones.
对于一个被暴风吸入的动物来说携跨过海洋
For an animal to be sucked up by storm winds,carried across the ocean
被抛弃在此仍活着够幸运的
and dumped here alive was a matter ofextraordinary luck.
这只昆虫的祖先曾发生过什么
Yet that's what happened to the ancestor of thisinsect.
果蝇的一种
It's a kind of fruit fly...
但不是普通的
but no ordinary one.
夏威夷果蝇是昆虫世界的极乐鸟
Hawaii's fruit flies are the birds of paradise of theinsect world.
它们用复杂的求爱仪式来吸引雌性
They attract females with elaborate courtshiprituals
有严密的属地范围表现
and have a sophisticated range of territorialbehaviour.
马累锤头蝇用它们的头部作为战斗工具
Male hammerhead flies use their heads as batteringrams.
马累克莱佛塞铁果蝇从它们升起的腹部
A male clavisetae fruit fly
释放出性信息素
fans sex pheromones from his raisedabdomen.
它伸出吻部以增加吸引力
His extended tongue is an addedattraction.
自第一个开拓者起
Since that first coloniser,
它们进化出近1000个品种
they have evolved into nearly 1,000species,
大部分都有独特的行为
many with their ownunique behaviour.
它来选择一位配偶雌性非常挑剔
When it comes to choosing a mate, females are veryfussy.
她的追求者一次错误的移动她就离开了
One wrong move by her suitor and she'soff.
BUZZING
夏威夷的隔绝对某些其它野生动物
Hawaii's isolation has had a curious effect
同样有奇妙的效果
on the evolution of some of its other wildlife,too.
在羊齿植物周围爬行的是毛虫
Crawling around these ferns arecaterpillars.
它们是蛾的幼体外观够平常的
They're the larvae of a moth and look ordinaryenough.
但这些微小的毛虫或许是世上这品种中最强壮的
But these tiny caterpillars are perhaps thestrangest of their kind in the world.
一旦找到适当的点它就落下来嚼叶子
When one finds the right spot, it settles down tochew through a leaf.
到目前为止一切都正常
So far, so normal.
但实际上毛虫并没有咽上点叶子
But the caterpillar is not actually swallowing thebits of leaf.
它只是在叶片上开一个缝隙
It's channelling a gap between thesegments.
完成后就将自己塞进去
When finished, it'll tuck itself into thespace.
这个动物是不是太奇怪了？
So what is so strange about thisanimal?
这些并不是典型的毛虫脚
Well, those are not your typical caterpillarfeet,
下述也没有典型的毛虫行为
and what follows is not your typical caterpillarbehaviour.
这是条食肉毛虫...
This is a carnivorous caterpillar...
只要能较量就牢牢地抓住
..with a vice-like hold and a bite tomatch.
夏威夷有很多果蝇机会多得可以忽略
Hawaii's numerous fruit flies were just too good anopportunity to ignore.
另一种食肉毛虫有着枝条般伪装
And the stick-like camouflage of another kind ofmeat-eating caterpillar
实际上用来伏击正好
is just as effective when ambushingprey.
没人知道为什么把夏威夷食肉毛虫放在这种特别的生活方式上
Nobody knows what set Hawaii's carnivorouscaterpillars on this extraordinary path,
但是那种快速演化在孤岛上很普遍
but it's the sort of quirky evolution that'scommon on isolated islands.
每个南太平洋岛都有自己独特的动物群落
Each South Pacific island has its own unique setof creatures.
由于岛太多总计有几千种在地球上
With so many islands, this adds up to thousands ofanimals
其它地方找不到的动物
found nowhere else on Earth.
海洋隔绝起来毫不费力
Isolated by miles of ocean,
人类开拓者同样发展出不同的生活方式
human colonisers also developed different ways oflife.
每个文明都有自己的习俗有些真得很奇怪
Each culture has its own customs, and some aretruly bizarre.
SINGING
彭特科斯特岛（五旬节岛）
土著人处在欢庆中
The locals are in celebratory mood.
THEY ARE SINGING
这个男人将要表演的是世上最奇怪的仪式
This man is about to perform one of the strangestrituals in the world.
这个传统是考验最勇敢男人的勇气
It's a tradition that tests the mettle of the mostcourageous men.
一头之高只是开始
Having a head for heights is only thestart.
藤本植物系在他的脚踝上
Forest vines are tied around his ankles.
这也是他的保命索
They will be his lifeline.
LEAVES RUSTLE, TOWER CREAKS
数世纪来五旬节岛的男人系着能终止他们坠落的藤索
For centuries, Pentecost men have been leapinghead first
从木制脚手架上头向前跳下
from wooden scaffolds with only forest vines tobreak their fall...
一个让现代蹦极跳受到启发的风俗
..a tradition that inspired modern bungeejumping.
这种跳看起来像疯狂行为
The jumps may look like acts ofmadness,
但节庆起源有着庄重的方面
but the festival's origins have a seriousside.
他们庆祝每年的主要作物的收获
They celebrate the annual harvest of their staplecrop.
由于每年多达9个龙卷风重击南太平洋
And with up to nine cyclones pounding the SouthPacific a year,
成功收获是值得庆祝的
a successful harvest is worthcelebrating.
对死里逃生的大地是不会误算的
The close calls with Mother Earth are notmiscalculations.
跳跃者的头发像刷子样拂过地面
The diver's hair is actually meant to brush theground
象征着施肥
in a symbolic act of fertilisation.
他们相信跳跃者离地面越近
And it's believed the closer the jumper gets tothe ground,
来年的收成就越好
the taller the crops will grow the nextyear.
人类穿越南太平洋的历史可
Human history across most of the SouthPacific
上溯至少2千年
dates back less than 2,000 years.
相比之下第一个到达这些海岸的动物
By comparison, animal colonisers first arrived onthese shores
开拓者已超过3千万年了
over 30 million years ago.
自12世纪以来 人类几乎开拓了
Yet by the 12th century,
每块能居住的陆地
people had colonised almost every habitable pieceof land.
被海水包围海洋已深深 嵌入他们的文明中
Surrounded by water, the ocean became embedded intheir culture -
虽然有时用惊奇的方式
sometimes in surprising ways.
DRUMMING
在班克斯岛女人用海洋作音乐
In the Banks Islands, women use the sea to makemusic.
她们用歌声来赞美生活在这里的动物
And their songs celebrate the creatures that livein it.
不管人类定居在南太平洋那里
