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短文改错 专题
编制人：王小惠 审批人：刘功良 编制日期：2011.11.26
【Objectives】学习目标
1.Understand and master some strategies.
2.Correct mistakes using strategies.
【Contents and methods】学习内容和方法
1.Contents：learn requirements of the outline.
2.Method：preview, discussion, presentation, group-works etc.
高考解读：
1.命题特点：短文改错的语言材料长取决于考生自己的作品，且话题常见，篇幅结构符合考生的写作水平，基本无生僻的语言障碍和，偏，怪，难的语句结构。
2.答题要求：增词；在却此处加一个添加符∧并在其下面写出该词。多词：把多余的词用斜线﹨划掉。错词：在错的词下面划一横线，并在该线下方写出正确的词。注意：1每处错误仅限修改一词2.只允许修改10处，多者从第11处不计分。
3.考查目的：短文改错设题目的在于检测考生书面表达过程判断，发现和纠正语篇中表达错误的能力，检测的是考生写作中的校正能力和对语篇的把握，而不是单纯的语法检测。
4.考查方向：短文改错从句法，词法和行文逻辑等角度考查考生的语篇的综合运用能力，同时兼顾句型结构，习惯搭配等。1.句法角度:主要涉及简单句，否定句，疑问句，倒装，省略，替代等。2.词法角度：主要涉及名词，冠词，代词，介词，形容词，副词，连词，关系代词等；动词主要涉及到时态，语态，非谓语，情态动词和主谓一致。3.行文逻辑角度：主要涉及人物相应的代词，句意的并列与转折，时间的顺序，数量的增减及因果的倒置等。
短文改错中所设的错误都是中国学生最易犯的点，由于受汉语思维和汉语表达方式的影响，对英汉差异意识不强导致错误发生。在改错时思想倾向于汉语翻译，受意义的牵制而忽略了英语句型结构，用词的特点，所以不好发现问题。更有学生仅凭经验和做题习惯乱猜乱改，没有原则。因此短文改错看似简单，错误似乎很明显，但得分并不容易。
【checking of the preview】预习效果检测
（2011陕西）Last Sunday morning ,when I was having a walk in the park near my home ,I came across a crew make a new film with one of my favourite actor.I didn’t have my camera with me at that time, but I rushed home to get. Unfortunately, by the time I got back, they have finished the scene and the actor couldn’t be seen everywhere.I was really disappointing and about to leave when he walked out a building. He was right there in the front of me! I couldn’t believe my luck—not only did I had my photo taken with him, but he signed his name on my shirt!
【Explanation and expansion】教师点拨与拓展
短文改错的解题策略：（strategies）
1. 通读文章明确中心主题，整体把握时间，地点，人物，事件和行文逻辑。
2. 看标点定句子首尾，明确句子特点（简单句，并列句，复合句，特殊句式）；抓关键谓语动词，看主语，明确主谓关系，确保主谓人称，时态，语态一致。
3. 划分意群，明确成分，化整为零，各个击破。分句阅读，逐行找错。这时就要对文中的词法、句法和语篇等角度着重分析和特别注意。
4. 联系考点，依据原则，运用知识，分析解决。
5. 通览检查，纠错补漏，确定结果。
策略试练---小试牛刀：
（2011银川一中模拟）My parents and I went to the park last Sunday. There were lots of visitors stand in front of the ticket window. We waited a long time and buy three tickets. In the tiger Mountain of the park, I was too eager to see the fierce frightened animals that I quickened my steps through the crowd .Unfortunate, I got separated from my parents. I had hard time looking for them, and I had no luck. Wandering in the park, I felt alone without any companions. Worse still .I had no money, so I had to walk to home, covering as far as 5 kilometer.
【Discussion and presentation】讨论与展示
考试应对策略归纳：
1.抓主语，看谓语，主谓一致要统一（语态一致，时态，语气，形式需考虑）
1)An English lady was finally decided that she really should learn to drive.
2)Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library.
3)She liked it very much and reads it to the class.
4)Books may be keep for four weeks.
2.名词性质要关注，可数与否要清楚。名词具有受限性，限制（特指，泛指，确指），修饰要重视
1)Kate covered it with a lot of Christmas light.
2)…so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject.
3)Good health is a person’s most valuable possession.
4)Some people read the books or watch television while others have sports.
3.代词出现不起眼，指代不明生疑点。验明正身别怕烦，确保一致心里安。
1)I just smiled to me and thought, ”what can I do？”
2)Finally, the men threw away most of his clothes to save themselves
3)I read your e-mail to my parents and showed them the photo you sent it to me.
4)I liked those classes because I felt that it helped me.
4.英汉词性易混用，形，副，名，介较常见，成分关系是关键。形做定表，副做状，名词功能莫要忘。
1)He came back lately last night.
2)He asked angry if we had finished the work.
3)I would describe myself as shy and quietly.
4)He said, ”as soon as I see a real tall building, I want to climb it”.
5.连接词需检验，逻辑关系前后辨。
1)We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do.
2)I told Mother, Father, Sister, all my friends here what a great time I had.
3)It is a very important exam but I can’t afford to fail it.
4)She was smiling but nodding at me.
6.介词多少也有看，搭配错误较常见。
1)Because the help you gave me that summer ,my life changed.
2)When a young man starts to earn his own living, he can no longer expect others to pay his food.
3)At Christmas Eve, Jim went with his father to choose a Christmas tree.
4)After five years away in my hometown, I find that…
7.非谓语动词是考点，见面验证别嫌烦。
1)My parents love me…and will do all they can make sure…
2)We fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.
3)Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English.
4)I just want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person.
8.固定搭配看清楚，习惯用法要关注。句式特点整体看，引导词语是关键。
1)As a result, people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past.
2)Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher.
3)My teacher advised me to keep my diary.
4)I wonder that they don’t like to talk with me.
【Exercises】反馈练习
（2011浙江）I was playing at my cousin house .Since his family was rich than mine ,he had more toys than I did. There was one on particular I’d always wanted. I put into my pocket when he wasn’t looking. I guessed, even at the age, I would never be able to enjoy to playing with the toy or faced my cousin again; I would always know I’d done something wrong. Late on, my aunt drove me home .When she dropped me off, I pulled out the toy slow and gave it back. She knows what had happened ,but she thanked me and ever mentioned it again.
【summary】归纳总结
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【Homework】课后作业
1.Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building.
2.we stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream.
3.we climb everywhere, not only in America. We have been to Europe many time.
4.There are branch library in many villages.
5.I hope that you two could come and visit us some times soon.
6.He practiced hardly and passed the driving-test.
7.I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time.
8.Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family.
9.The beautiful of the lake attracts us a lot.
10.It started to rise higher again. So it was still too close to the water.
11.I’d like to stay there for half a month, visiting places of interest or practicing my English as well.
12.And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game.
13.As you are very popular with us Chinese high school students ,we’d like to invite for you to the exhibition.
14.…,so they are strict in their children.
15.…so that we can help each other on the course work.
16.Looking forward to hear from you soon.
17.I have often dreamed of talk face to face with you.
18.Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also…
19.I think I’d email you and let you know what things are going.
20.I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.
21.It turned out to be her own cup, that she’d left on the shell by mistakes.
（2010长春调研）At first I was not quite willing to sit down and watched the 90-minute football match. Usually, I just checked the results because I though that was dull to watch a game in that players kicked a ball to each other. Therefore, my father loves football. During the World Cup in 2006,my dad stays up late just to watch his favourite sport.. Seeing him strong interest in this game of 22 men run after a ball, I decided to sit down to watch the game. I found the game excited, and my dad explained for the rules. We shared our joy. Football is not too badly as long as I watch it with my dad!
【Tips】复习建议:除了多做改错专项练习外，也要做与短文改错题型相关的其他练习。比如：1.在平时写作过程中就要十分注意自己容易犯的语法错误。善于总结一些错误类型并加以强化练习，最终达到正确地使用英语的目的。2.还可以通过看其他同学的习作，欣赏的同时也可有意识地把该习作进行一下“改错”。3.平时还可以多进行单句改错练习，逐渐体会和把握短文改错这一题型的规律。
巧记：动词形，名次数，还要注意形和副。
代词格，细领悟，介词短语需关注。
习惯用语要记住，冠词连词常光顾。
短文改错四不改：1.标点符号不改 2.大小写不改 3.次序错误不改 4.纲外生词不改（文中出现带汉语释义的词一般不可能错误。）
