海伦•凯勒，美国女学者，一岁半时因病成了一个盲聋哑人。在家庭教师莎利文热情关怀、精心辅导下，她凭着自己顽强的毅力，掌握了英、法语、德语等5国语言，以优异的成绩考取了哈佛大学女子学院，。她在一生中完成了14部著作，把自己的一生献给了盲人福利和教育事业，赢得了世界舆论的赞扬。
悟到小马、小狗这些东西都有一个名称。每个儿童的童年一定都经历过与海伦·凯勒一样的认识水的过程，她通过触觉来感知水。 那么，海伦是怎样认识水的呢？她在后来撰写的文章《我的老师》里有比较详细的描述，或者说是在这篇文章海伦向我们展示了她的老师是如何让她去感知这个世界，去领悟语言的。看了这篇文章，我想，应该能给大家一点的启示，我们该如何引导孩子去认识、感受周围的一切，不单单是语言。
我的老师 我一生中最重要的一天，就是安妮·莎利文老师来到我身边的那一天——1887年3月3日。
在那个激动人心的下午，从母亲示意的动作以及人们进进出出、忙个不停的迹象中，我猜到会有不寻常的事发生。我走到大门边，坐在石阶上等待。温暖的阳光照在我的脸上，我的手指触到了鲜花和叶子，我意识到春天来临了。一连好几个星期我都感到纳闷和痛苦，感到疲倦和寂寞。我不能预测未来将带给我什么。
我感到有人朝我走来，我以为是母亲，就把手伸出去。忽然，有人拉着我的手，然后把我紧紧搂在怀里。就是这个人——莎利文老师，在我以后的生活中深深地爱着我，向我揭示了一切。
第二天早晨，莎利文老师带我到她的房间，给我一个洋娃娃。我拿着玩了一会儿以后，她慢慢地在我手上拼写了四个字母：“d—o—l—l”（洋娃娃）。这种用手指拼写的方式使我很感兴趣。我不断模仿老师的做法，后来也学会了拼写，我感到很自豪。
一天，我正在玩一个新洋娃娃，老师给我拿来了旧洋娃娃，以此表明两样东西都可用“洋娃娃”这个词来指称。莎利文老师很耐心地教我，可是我自己发了脾气，随手把一个新洋娃娃摔得粉碎。我整天仍处于黑暗世界之中，感到很痛苦，对任何事情都不感兴趣，缺少强烈的爱。
老师把帽子拿给我，我知道我们要出去了，要到温暖的阳光中去。 我们走到井边，有人在吊水，老师把我的手放到水里。清凉的水涌到我的手上，老师在我的手心中拼写了w－a－t－e－r”（水）这个词。开始她拼得慢，后来越拼越快，我的注意力全凝聚在她的手指上。 突然，灵光一闪，我领悟了“water”这个词，它指称的正是这种奇妙的、清凉的、从我手上流过的东西。就是这个词唤醒了我的心灵，使我的心灵得到了自由，因为这个词是活生生的。 海伦后来回忆说：
“不知怎的，语言的秘密突然被揭开了，我终于知道水就是流过我手心的一种
物质。这个水的字唤醒了我的灵魂，给我以光明、希望、快乐。
我懂得了每样东西都有名称，每一个名称在我的脑海中都产生新的概念。回到家，我触摸到的每一样东西似乎都充满了生气和活力。我开始用这种新奇的观点观察事物。我想起了被我摔破的洋娃娃，我摸着洋娃娃的碎片，想把它拼凑起来。我的眼眶里充满了泪水，我意识到自己干了错事，我第一次感到后悔和难过。
就在那一天我学会了很多新词。我记不太清楚了，但是“母亲”“父亲”“姐妹”“老师”等这些词肯定是其中的一部分。那天晚上睡在床上，我感到自己是世界上最幸福的孩子，我热切地盼望着新的一天来临。
春天到了，莎利文老师搀着我的手，穿过人们正在播种的田野。我们坐在河边的草地上，在大自然中很自然地开始了我的启蒙课程的学习。我懂得了阳光和雨露能使植物生长，鸟儿会为自己筑巢，松鼠、鹿、狮子等动物会为自己觅食做窝。随着知识的增长，我感到周围的世界越来越多的东西给我带来了兴奋和愉快。莎利文老师教我从森林中散发的芳香，从青草丛的叶片中体会大自然的美。她还向我描绘地球的形状。她从一开始就这样使我胸怀大自然，使得自然界成为我思想的一部分。
但是，也就在这时候，我体会到大自然对人并不总是善的、美的。早晨出门时天气很好，但很热。因为走的路程较长，我们坐在树阴下休息过两三次，最后一次是在离家不远的一棵果树下。果树给我们提供了一块凉爽的遮阴地。我在老师的帮助下，很容易地爬到树上去了。我一直往上爬，在树枝丛中找到一块能坐的地方。莎利文老师建议，我们就在树阴下吃午饭，叫我等她拿来午饭后，再从树上下来。
突然间天气起了变化，太阳一下子没有了。我知道天空已是乌云密布，因为我已感觉不到阳光照射的热量，还闻到一股从大地散发出来的奇异的味道，我意识到这是雷雨的预兆。离开了老师，我一个人高高地坐在树枝上，感到非常害怕，感到非常孤单。周围是无垠的空间，一切都是那么陌生。我坐在树枝上静静地等待着，我想只有等老师来，我才能从树上下来，否则别无办法。
周围死一般的沉寂。树叶开始骚动，然后整个树都在颤抖。要不是我使劲地抓牢树枝的话，一阵强风早就把我从树上刮下来了。狂风怒吼，树不停地、猛烈地摇晃着。一阵倾盆大雨把我周围的小树枝都打断了，我想从树上跳下来，但周围的恐怖气氛使我动弹不得，我只好仍留在树上。我感到一阵轰鸣声，似乎有什么重物掉下来，我坐的树枝摇晃得更厉害了。我想树和我会一起倒下来。正巧这时，老师来了，她一把抓住我的手，扶我从树上下来。我紧紧搂住老师，感到非常高兴，我的脚又重新踏在坚实的土地上了。这件事给我上了一堂生动的课——大自然并不总是对你微笑，给你仁慈。
我有了学习语言的钥匙，我热切希望运用学到的东西。
记得有一天早晨，我第一次问老师“love”（爱）这个词的意思。我在花园里找了不少早春的鲜花，我把这些花拿给老师。她想吻我一下，但是那时候，除了母亲以外，我不喜欢别人吻我。莎利文老师用手臂温存地围着我的脖子，在我手上拼写了“我爱海伦”。
我问：“‘爱’是什么东西？”
她把我拉得更近，用手指着我的心说：“爱就在这里。”她的话使我迷惑不解，因为当时除了手能摸得到的东西以外，我不能理解任何别的东西。
我闻着她手上的花，打着手势问：“花的香味是‘爱’吗？”
“不是。”我的老师说。
我想了一下又问：“温暖的阳光照在我的身上，射向四面八方，这是‘爱’吗？”
我认为没有什么比太阳更美丽的东西，因为它温暖的光能使万物生长。但是莎利文老师还是认为不是。我感到困惑和失望，我想我的老师真怪，为什么不把“爱”拿给我看看，让我摸摸。
大概一天以后，老师要我把大小不同的珠子穿成两颗大珠和三颗小珠相间隔的式样。我穿错了很多，莎利文老师并没责怪我，而是耐心和蔼地指出我的错误，叫我再仔细地按正确的次序排列。莎利文老师用手触着我的前额，拼写了“think”（思考）这个词。
刹那间，我懂得了事物的名称是在人们的脑子里通过思考产生的。我第一次意识到某些东西不一定都是我的手能摸到的。
我花了很长的时间琢磨“爱”这个词。现在我知道这个词是什么意思了。太阳被云覆盖，下了一场阵雨。忽然云开日出，阳光又带来了南方特有的炎热。
我又问老师：“这是不是‘爱’呢？”
老师回答说：“‘爱’就像云一样，在太阳出来之前布满天空。”接着她又解释说，“你知道，你不能摸到云，但你会感觉到雨。同样的，你不能摸到‘爱’，但是你知道人的温情可以灌注到每一样东西中去。没有爱你就没有欢乐，你就不愿游玩。”
我的脑子里充满了美妙的真理。我感到我的心跟我看不见的东西，跟别人的心，都是紧紧地连接在一起的。
我是通过生活本身开始我的学习生涯的。起初，我只是个有可能学习的毛坯，是我的老师帮我开了眼界，使我这块毛坯有可能发展进步。她一来到我的身边，就给我带来爱，带来欢乐，给我的生活增添绚丽的色彩。她把一切事物的美展现在我的面前，她总是设法使我生活得充实、美满而有价值。
以下为<< 我的老师>>的英文原版 My teacher, "HelenKeller
I remember in my life the most important day isAnne Shali Mandarin teacher came to me that day - March 3,1887.
Exciting inthat afternoon, and from mother to indicate the action of peoplecoming and going to the go sign, I guess there will be an unusualthing to happen in our home. I went to the gate, sitting on thestone steps to wait. Warm sun on my face, my fingers touched theflowers, leaves, I realized that the coming of spring. For severalweeks I have wondered and heart pain, tired and lonely. I can notpredict what the future will bring me.
I feltsomeone coming towards me, I thought it was my mother, I will handout to. Suddenly, a man took my hand, then put me tightly in hisarms. Is this person in my life after I deeply love, revealed to meeverything.
The nextmorning, Shali Mandarin teacher took me to her room, give me adoll. I play for a while, she slowly at my disposal to fight afour-letter "d-O-l-l" (doll). This finger spelling a way that I amvery interested. I have been to imitate the teacher's practice,then I have learned to spell, I am proud.
One day, Iplay a new doll, the teacher brought me old doll, two things thatare available as a "doll" to represent the word. Shali lady verypatiently taught me the text, but I made a temper, readily to a newdoll shattered. I am still in the dark world of the day was verypainful, not interested in anything, the lack of strong love.
My teachershowed me the hat, I know we have to go out, to go to the warmsunshine. We went to the well, it was in the hanging of water, myteacher put my hand into the water. Cool water pouring into myhands, my hands in the hearts of teachers to fight the "w-a-t-e-r"(water) the word. She slowly began to golf, then the faster themore spell, I gather all the attention on her finger. Suddenly, Itry to recall some vague things, a hazy impression of ... ... in aflash of the moment, I learned a w-a-t-e-r gestures, referring toprecisely the kind of wonderful , cool, flowing from my handssomething. Is the word awakened my soul, and to my mind was free,because the word is alive.
I understandeverything has a name, each name in my mind has produced a newconcept, home everything I touch seems full of life and vitality, Iuse this new point of view of looking at things. Enter the house, Ithought of was my smashes the doll, doll I touched the debris,trying to piece it together. My eyes filled with tears, I realizedthat I did wrong the first time I feel sorry and sad forthis.
On that dayI learned a lot of new words. I do not remember clearly, but themother, father, sisters, teachers, etc. These words certainly partof it. That night in bed, I feel like the happiest child, I eagerlylook forward to the arrival of a new day.
Spring,Shali my hand and helped Miss text, through the fields are beingplanted. We sat on the grass beside the river, the natural natureof the Enlightenment began my course of study. I know the sun andrain make plants grow, the birds for their nests, squirrels, deer,lions and other animals forage for their own nest. With the growthof my knowledge, I feel the world around me more and more thingsthat brings excitement and pleasure. Shali Miss taught me the textfrom the forest and the distribution of aromatic leaves from greengrass to appreciate the beauty of nature.
She alsodescribed to me the shape of the earth. She was from the outsetthat I mind so natural, so natural a part of my thinking.
But also atthis time, I realized that human nature is not always good, and theUnited States. Morning when the weather is good to go out fromhome, but very hot. Because a longer distance to go, we sat underthe shade of a break two or three times, the last stop in the homenear a fruit tree to rest. Fruit trees to provide people with acool shade, the help of my teacher, it is easy to climb to go. Ihave been climbing in the tree leaves to find a place to sit. Aswell this cool place, Shali Miss Wen suggested we eat lunch underthe shade of a tree, so she asked me to bring lunch, I again downfrom the tree.
The weatherhas changed suddenly, the sun suddenly lost. I know the sky isclouded over, because I already feel the body heat from sunlight,but also smelt a strange smell emanating from the earth, I realizedthat this is a harbinger of thunderstorms. I left the teacher, aman hanging high in the branches, I was very scared, but also feelvery lonely. I was surrounded by a vast space, everything is sostrange. I sat quietly on a branch waiting for, I think only otherteacher, I can down from the tree, or no way.
Around thedeadly silence. Leaves began to stir, and then the whole tree istrembling. If I had to hold back the branches so hard, strong windhas long been scraped off of me from the tree. Wind roared, treesconstantly, violently shaking. A burst of heavy rain around mysmall branches are broken, and I want to jump off from the tree,but the surrounding atmosphere of terror that I could not move, Ihad to remain on the tree. I felt a roar, seems to be heavy fall, Isat shaking the branches more severe. I would like to find a treeand fell down together. Happened this time, my teacher came, shegrabbed my hand, help me down from the tree. I am clinging to theteacher, I am very pleased that my feet again riding in the solidland. This gave me a vivid lesson - nature does not always smile atyou, give you mercy. I have the key to language learning, myfervent hope that the use of learned.
I rememberone morning, I first asked the "love" word. I find a lot in thegarden of flowers in early spring, I showed my teacher theseflowers. She wanted to kiss me, but then, in addition to other thanmy mother; I do not like someone to kiss me. Miss her text Shaliarm tenderly around my neck, my hands spell "I Ai Hailun."
I asked:"'Love' is what?" She pulledme closer, pointing to my heart, said: "Love is in here." Her wordsmade me confused, because, apart from what the hand can touch toget outside, I can not understand anything else.
I smell theflowers of her hand, gesturing hand side about to ask: "fragranceof flowers is 'love' it?"
"Not." Myteacher said. .
I thoughtfor a moment asked: "warm sunshine on my body, shooting in alldirections, which is 'love' it?"
In myopinion there is nothing more beautiful than the sun thing, becauseit can make things grow warm light. But Shali Miss Man shook hishead. I am confused and disappointed, I think my teacher reallystrange, why not "love" show me, and let me touch.
About a daylater, the teacher asked me to wear beads of different sizes intotwo large and three small beads with beads spaced pattern. I amwearing the wrong a lot, Shali Miss Wen not blame me, but patientlykindly pointed out my mistake and told me carefully in the correctorder of beads. Shali Miss Wen hand Chuzhe my forehead, to fightthe "think" (thinking).
Suddenly, Ilearned the names of things in people's minds through the thinkinggenerated. I first realized that some things are not always thename of my hand to touch the.
I spent along time wondering "love" word. Now I know what the word meant.The sun covered by clouds, under a shower.
SuddenlyYunkai sunrise, the sun and the south will bring some heat.
I asked theteacher: "This is not 'love' it?"
The teacherreplied: "'Love' is like clouds, filled the sky before the sun cameout." Then she explained, "You know, you can not touch the clouds,but you will feel the rain. Also, you can not touch the 'love', butyou can know the warmth of people pouring in to everything going.not love you no joy, you do not want to play. "
My mind isfull of wonderful truths. I feel like my heart I can not see thingswith other people's hearts, are tightly linked.
I started mylife itself through learning career. At first, I could just learnthe blank, is my teacher opened my eyes, so that I may develop andprogress this piece of rough. She came to my side, give me bringlove, bring joy to my life to add brilliant colors. She put allthings art exhibition in front of me now. She always managed tomake me live full, happy and useful. |
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