爱华网语法复习5：形容词和副词
比较级和最高级及其使用
形容词的比较级和最高级:单音节加 er/est 多音节加 more/ most
说 明
例 词
一般情况
加er, est
smaller,smallest
以e 结尾
加r,st
larger,largest
单音节词和少数多音节的形容词，加词尾er ,est
以"辅音字母+y "结尾的词
改y为i，再加er,est early
busier,busiest lazier laziest
重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母
双写末尾辅音字母，加er,est
fatter,fattest redder, hotter
以ow,er结尾的双音节词
加er ,est
narrower,narrowest cleverer,clevest
多数双音节(副词)和多音节的词
加more most
more beautiful, most important
1. friendly—more friendly; common—more common; helpful—more helpful，more careful, more nervous, more relaxed, more normal，modern- more modern
2.双音节形容词y结尾 用er: healthier, busier, angrier, heavier, thirstier, noisier… , 而双音节副词用more, more slowly, more quickly,
3. unhappy—more unhappy, lucky-luckier-unlucky—more unlucky
副词的比较级和最高级
1．大多数以ly结尾的副词前加more 和most 来构成比较级和最高级。
2．少数单音节副词，加er,est 构成其比较级和最高级 。
几个特殊的形容词和副词
原级
比较级
最高级
good ,well
better
best
bad, ill, badly
worse
worst
many ,much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther, further
farthest, further(提高进一步)
old
older, elder
oldest, eldest
比较级和最高级的常用句型
名称
句型
例句
相等
as 原形 as (as 原形+名词 as )
The train travels as fast as the 3:55 train. He has not as much money as his friend.
不及
not as(so) 原形 as (not as[so ]+名词+原形 as )
She is not as (so)beautiful as her sister.
比较级+ than
Health is more important than wealth.
超越
the +比较级+of the two 两者中较… 的一个
He is the taller of the two.
Who / Which + be +比较级 , A or B ?
Which is more interesting, maths and Chinese
程度递增
er and er，more and more+多音节词原级 (越来越…)
higher and higher， more and more important
两种情况同时变化
the +比较级，the+比较级 （越…，越…）
The quicker you get ready, the sooner
we'll be able to leave.
三者或三者以上比较
1)the +最高级+of/in+比较范围 （…之中最…）2> Who / Which + be +最高级, A, B, or C ?
2> + be + one of the +最高级 +复数名词 表示"最……的……之一
3> "…+ be +the + 序数词 +最高级 +单数名词 + 范围", 表示"……是…….的第几……"。
4> + be + the 最高级 ~ that 某人 have/ has ever + 过去分词. ( 定语从句 )
1.Of all things in the world, people are the precious.
2. ChangJiang is one of the longest rivers in the world.
3.ChangJiang is the second longest river in China.
4.This is the most excited film that I have seen.
比较级结构的修饰语
1．用于原级之前：
almost, nearly, just, exactly, quite, rather, very, half , twice,three times , a third,etc.
John is almost as tall as you.
The river is three times as long as that one.
We have a third as many students as we had last term.
***2．用于比较级前
a lot, much , a bit, even, a little , still, far,
, It takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane.
It's cold this year, but it's even colder last year.
位置与功能
形容词指用来修饰名词或某些代词，表示人或事物的性质、特征或状态的词，在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语等。形容词可分为描述性的和表述性的A:
1. 在名词前做定语，为最常见用法。请注意多个形容词（含其它起形容词作用的词）做前置定语的顺序。"县官行令杀国才。"这一句就概述了形容词顺序问题。即：
限（冠词[物主代词、指示代词]数词等）观 （描绘） 形（大小、形状等） 龄 （年龄、新旧等）色（色彩）国（国籍、出处等）材（材料、功用等）
an interesting English film a heavy black Chinese silk umbrella
做后置定语。修饰由不定代词no ,any, some ，every和one,thing等构成的复合词或形容词短语。
Something important, nothing special…
2．表语。一定要注意系动词的后面只跟形容词出现情况。这是一个热点问题。
常见系动词有：be 变化系词： become, get ,turn, grow, go
保持系词： keep ,remain, stay感观系词： look, smell , taste, feel, sound,appear , seem ,prove etc.
N：①某些以a 开始的形容词只做表语，不做定语。
be afraid, alike, alone, asleep ,awake，alive He feels lonely, he lives along.
②某些表状况的形容词只能做表语,不做定语
well(身体健康),ill ,afraid, 而sick, frighten, living, waking, sleepy+ person,只作定语
S: 某些以-ly 结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。
friendly, lively, lovely, lonely, weekly, monthly…等。
复合形容词的形式问题。
an 800-meter-wide river an English-speaking country a middle-aged man
副词是用来说明动词的，或用来修饰形容词或副词的，修饰动词的副词一般放在动词之后。副词用来说明时间、地点或方式等，副词在句中一般可用作状语、表语或宾语补足语等。位置
1）时间副词和地点副词一般放于句尾。如同时出现，则地点副词在前。
They went boating in Zhongshan Park yesterday.
2)表频率的时间副词是热点
always, seldom, often, never, rarely, usually 等，通常放于行为动词之前，be词、情态动词和助动词之 后。 He is always telling lies,so I will never believe him.
3)程度副词一般放在被修饰词之前 very, hardly, far, much, quite, rather, too, so, pretty（但 enough除外）He is very young ,so he is not old enough to go to school.
N: 形容词和副词同行： fast, early, late, hard, high …
有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以ly 结尾，但它们的含义是不同的。
closely-close nearly-near freely-free deeply-deep highly-high widely-wide 等。
练习、形容词和副词
：
1. John has three sisters. Mary is the ___ of the three.
A. most cleverest B. more clever C. cleverest D. cleverer
2. The students are___ young people between the age of sixteen and twenty.
A. most B. almost C. mostly D. at most
3. She told us ___story that we all forgot about the time.
A. such an interesting B. such interesting a
C. so an interesting D. a so interesting
4. It is impossible for so___ workers to do so work in a single day.
A. few, much B. few, many C. little, much D. little, many
5. The horse is getting old and can't run ___ it did.
A. as faster as B. so fast than C. so fast as D. as fast as
6. This year they have produced ___ grain ___ they did last year.
A. as less; as B. as few; as C. less; than D. fewer; than
7. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced ___ tractors in 1988 as the year before.
A. as twice many B. as many twice
C. twice as many D. twice many as
8. The pianos in the other shop will be , but______ .
A. cheaper; not as better B. more cheaper; not as better
C. cheaper; not as good D. more cheap; not as good
9. ---Can I help you?---Well, I'm afraid the box is___ heavy for you, but thank you all the same.
A. so B. much C. very D. too
10.---Excuse me, is this Mr. Brown's office?
---I'm sorry, but Mr. Brown ___ works here. He left about three weeks ago.
A. not now B. no more C. not still D. no longer
11. If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with ___ money and ___ people.
A. less; less B. fewer; fewer C. less; fewer D. fewer; less
12. Oh, John. ___ you gave me!
A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surprise
C. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise
13. ---How did you find your visit to museum?
---I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was ___ than I expected.
A. far more interesting B. even much interesting
C. so more interesting D. a lot much interesting
14. Canada is larger than ___ country in Asia.
A. any B. any other C. other D. another
15. Those oranges taste___ .
A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well
16. The experiment was ___ easier than we had expected.
A. more B. much more C. much D. more much
17. ___ food you've cooked! A. How a nice B. What a nice
C. How nice D. What nice
18. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes___ .
A. open B. to be opened C. to open D. opening
19. Which is___ country, Canada or Australia?
A. a large B. larger C. a larger D. the larger
20. ___ terrible weather we've been having these days!
A. How a B. What a C. How D. What
21. It takes a long time to go there by train. It's___ by road.
A. quick B. the quickest C. much quick D. quicker
22. She doesn't speak___ her friends, but her written work is excellent.
A. as well as B. as often as C. so much as D. as good as
23. ---Mum, I think I'm___ to get back to school.
---Not really, My dear. You'd better stay at home for another day or two.
A. so well B. so good C. well enough D. good enough
24. ---If you don't like the red coat, take the blue one.
---OK, but do you have size___ in blue? This one's a bit tight for me.
A. a big B. a bigger C. the big D. the bigger
25. If there were no examinations, we should have ___at school. A. the happiest time B. a more happier time
C. much happiest time D. a much happier time
26. ---Have you finished your report yet?
---No, I'll finish in___ ten minutes. A. another B. other C. more D. less
27. ---I'd like ___ information about the management of your hotel, please.
---Well, you could have ___ word with the manager. He might be helpful.
A. some; a B. an; some C. some; some D. an; a
28. We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining ____.
A. badly B. hardly C. strongly D. heavily
29. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard ___.
A. the better voice B. a good voice
C. the best voice D. a better voice
30. Tony is going camping with ___ boys. A. little two other B. two little other
C. two other little D. little other two
31. Can you believe that in ___ a rich country there should be _ many poor people?
A. such; such B. such; so C. so; so D. so; such
32. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is ___ known for his plays.
A. the best B. more C. better D. the most
33.---I'm very ___with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.
---Mm, it does have a ___smell. A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased
C. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant
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