GRE词汇词源解析-045bend-bereft bend lick stick mp3

0451

bend

n. 弯, 曲; 转弯处#俯; 弯腰, 行礼

v. 使弯曲, 使屈服; 弯曲, 屈服

简单同源

词源拆分

词源解读

英语中band, bind,bond与bundle 是近亲关系，都可以追溯到史前日耳曼语词根*band-。古英语中bendan意为tie up，当然打结必须要“弯曲”，该词义在现代的词中仍然可以看出，如bend就有个名词的意思为“绳结”，如carrickbend。

同源同根

BAND, BIND, BOND, BUNDLE

0452

benediction

n. 祝祷, 祝福

简单同源

dictate

词源拆分

=bene- + diction

词源解读

其中前缀 bene- 广泛的应用在英语单词构词中， 来自拉丁词 bene【well】，与拉丁词bonus【good】是近亲了。由其构成的英语单词有 benediction，字面意思就是saying well，后来就发展处“祈福【blessing】”的意思，benefaction 就意为doing well，而benevolent的意思就是wishing well。Benefit与 benefaction同源，也是来自拉丁词bene facere，但是其进入英语的过程很曲折，其直接来自于法语词bienfait。

1 [N-VAR]
A benediction is a kind of Christian prayer. (FORMAL)
The minister pronounced the benediction...
The Pope's hands were raised in benediction.
= blessing
2 [N-VAR]
You can refer to something that makes people feel protected and atpeace as a benediction.
She could only raise her hand in a gesture ofbenediction...

同源同根

0453

benefactor

n. 恩人; 赠送者; 捐助者

简单同源

fact

词源拆分

=bene- + factor

词源解读

其中前缀 bene- 广泛的应用在英语单词构词中， 来自拉丁词 bene【well】，与拉丁词bonus【good】是近亲了。由其构成的英语单词有 benediction，字面意思就是saying well，后来就发展处“祈福【blessing】”的意思，benefaction 就意为doing well，而benevolent的意思就是wishing well。

A benefactor is a person whohelps a person or organization by giving them money.
In his old age he became a benefactor of thearts.

同源同根

0454

benevolent

adj. 仁慈的, 有爱心的, 厚道的; 行善的, 慈善的; 亲切的, 善意的

简单同源

volunteer

词源拆分

=bene- + volent

词源解读

其中前缀 bene- 广泛的应用在英语单词构词中， 来自拉丁词 bene【well】，与拉丁词bonus【good】是近亲了。由其构成的英语单词有 benediction，字面意思就是saying well，后来就发展处“祈福【blessing】”的意思，benefaction 就意为doing well，而benevolent的意思就是wishing well。

科林斯字典的解释能更加的容易了解词源。

1 [ADJ]
If you describe a person in authority as benevolent, youmean that they are kind and fair.
The company has proved to be a most benevolentemployer...
● benevolently[ADV] ADV with v
Thorne nodded his understanding, smiling benevolently.
● benevolence[N-UNCOUNT]
A bit of benevolence from people in power is not what weneed.
2 [ADJ] ADJ n
Benevolent is used in the names of some organizations thatgive money and help to people who need it. (BRIT)
...the Army Benevolent Fund.

同源同根

0455

benign

adj. 仁慈的; 良性的; 亲切的; 有利的

简单同源

词源拆分

词源解读

来自古法语的 benigne，其来自拉丁语 benignus【kindly, kindhearted, friendly,generous】，字面意思是well born，再往上追溯又到了bene这了，该词可拆分为bene 【well】 +gignere 【to bear, beget】，词干来自于genus【birth】。

科林斯字典：

You use benign to describesomeone who is kind, gentle, and harmless.
They are normally a more benign audience...
= charitable

同源同根

0456

bent

n. 倾向#爱好

adj. 弯曲的

简单同源

词源拆分

词源解读

mental inclination，来自原始意思 condition of being deflected orturned，该词的本义就是“不直的”，后来延伸就是“有倾向的”。

[ADJ] v-link ADJ on/uponn/-ing
If someone is bent on doing something, especially somethingharmful, they are determined to do it.
He's bent on suicide.

同源同根

0457

bequeath

v. 遗赠, 遗留

简单同源

bequest

词源拆分

=be- + queath

词源解读

古英语becweðan 意为to say, speak to, exhort,blame，也意为leave by will。可拆分为 be- +cweðan 【to say】；来自原始日耳曼语*kwithan, 来自原始印欧词根 *gwet-【to say, speak】。原始意思是say, utter，但是已经不复存在了，后来用在法律英语中意为transfer by will，近亲是bequest。

科林斯字典：

1 [VERB] Vn to n
If you bequeath your money or property to someone,you legally state that they should have it when you die.(FORMAL)
He bequeathed all his silver to his children.
= leave

2 [VERB] V n n, V n to n, alsoV n
If you bequeath an idea or system, you leave it for otherpeople to use or develop. (FORMAL)
He bequeaths his successor an economy that is doing quitewell...
It is true that colonialism did not bequeath much toAfrica.

同源同根

0458

bequest

n. 遗产; 遗赠

简单同源

词源拆分

=be- + quest

词源解读

意为act of bequeathing，可拆分为be- +*cwis，词干意为*cwiss 【saying】，同源词是quoth。

科林斯词典：

[N-COUNT]
A bequest is money or property which you legally leave tosomeone when you die.
The church here was left a bequest to hire doctors who wouldwork amongst the poor.

同源同根

0459

berate

v. 严厉指责; 申斥

简单同源

Reputation

词源拆分

=be- + rate

词源解读

可拆分为 be-【thoroughly】+ 中古英语 rate【to scold】，来自古法语的reter【accuse, blame】，来自拉丁语reputare，其衍生词是reputation。

[VERB] V n for n, also Vn
If you berate someone, you speak to them angrily aboutsomething they have done wrong. (FORMAL)
Marion berated Joe for the noise he made.
= chide, rebuke

同源同根

0460

bereft

adj. 失去...的; 丧失亲人的

简单同源

Rapid

词源拆分

=be- + reft

词源解读

是 bereave的过去式，变化规则如同leave的过去式left。来自古英语的bereafian【to deprive of, take away, seize,rob】，可拆分为be + reafian 【rob, plunder】；来自原始日耳曼语的 *raubojanan，来自原始印欧语*reup- 【to snatch】，词干衍生rapid。

[ADJ] usu v-link ADJ, usu ADJ ofn
If a person or thing is bereft of something, they nolonger have it. (FORMAL)
The place seemed to be utterly bereft of human life.
= devoid

同源同根