中國的和平發展中英文对照 中国合同法中英文对照

中國的和平發展

國務院新聞辦公室

2011年9月

　　目錄

　　一、中國和平發展道路的開辟

　　二、中國和平發展的總體目標

　　三、中國和平發展的對外方針政策

　　四、中國和平發展是歷史的必然選擇

　　五、中國和平發展的世界意義

　　在世界的東方，中國這個擁有13億多人口的文明古國，正在現代化道路上闊步前行。世界對中國的關注集中起來就是，中國選擇了一條什麼樣的發展道路，中國的發展對世界意味著什麼？

　　中國多次向世界宣示，中國始終不渝走和平發展道路，在堅持自己和平發展的同時，致力于維護世界和平，積極促進各國共同發展繁榮。在進入21世紀第二個十年和中國共産黨成立90周年之際，中國再次向世界鄭重宣告，和平發展是中國實現現代化和富民強國、為世界文明進步作出更大貢獻的戰略抉擇。中國將堅定不移沿著和平發展道路走下去。

　　一、中國和平發展道路的開辟

　　在5000多年文明發展歷程中，中國各族人民以自己的勤勞智慧，創造了璀璨的中華文明，締造了統一的多民族國家。中華文明具有獨特的延續性、包容性、開放性。在長期對外交往中，中華民族努力學習借鑒其他民族的長處，自強不息，為人類文明進步作出了重大貢獻。

　　19世紀中葉，西方列強用炮艦打開中國封閉的門戶，內憂外患導致中國逐步成為半殖民地半封建社會，國家積貧積弱、戰亂不已，民不聊生。在民族存亡的危急關頭，無數仁人志士前仆後繼，苦苦追尋變革救亡之路。1911年的辛亥革命，結束了統治中國幾千年的君主專制制度，激勵中國人民為爭取民族獨立和國家富強而鬥爭。然而，這些探索和鬥爭都未能改變中國半殖民地半封建的社會性質和中國人民的悲慘命運。中國共産黨肩負民族的期望，帶領中國人民進行了艱苦卓絕的奮鬥，于1949年建立了中華人民共和國，實現了民族獨立、人民解放，開創了中國歷史新紀元。

　　新中國成立60多年特別是改革開放30多年來，中國一直致力于探索符合本國國情和時代要求的社會主義現代化道路。雖然歷經曲折，中國人民卻孜孜以求、與時俱進，不斷總結汲取本國及其他國家發展的經驗教訓，不斷深化對人類社會發展規律的認識，不斷推動社會主義制度自我完善和發展。通過艱苦努力，中國找到了一條符合自身國情的發展道路，這就是中國特色社會主義道路。

　　從更寬廣的世界歷史視野看，和平發展道路歸結起來就是：既通過維護世界和平發展自己，又通過自身發展維護世界和平；在強調依靠自身力量和改革創新實現發展的同時，堅持對外開放，學習借鑒別國長處；順應經濟全球化發展潮流，尋求與各國互利共贏和共同發展；同國際社會一道努力，推動建設持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界。這條道路最鮮明的特徵是科學發展、自主發展、開放發展、和平發展、合作發展、共同發展。

　　——科學發展。科學發展就是尊重並遵循經濟社會和自然發展規律，牢牢扭住經濟建設這個中心，堅持聚精會神搞建設，一心一意謀發展，不斷解放和發展社會生産力。中國把科學發展觀作為經濟社會發展的重要指導方針，堅持把發展作為黨執政興國的第一要務，堅持以人為本，堅持全面協調可持續發展，堅持統籌兼顧。堅持以人為本，始終尊重人權和人的價值，不斷滿足人民日益增長的物質文化需要，走共同富裕道路，促進人的全面發展，做到發展為了人民、發展依靠人民、發展成果由人民共用。堅持全面協調可持續發展，全面推進經濟建設、政治建設、文化建設、社會建設以及生態文明建設，促進現代化建設各個環節、各個方面相協調。堅持統籌兼顧，正確認識和妥善處理中國特色社會主義事業中的重大關係，統籌城鄉發展、區域發展、經濟社會發展、人與自然和諧發展、國內發展和對外開放。

　　——自主發展。中國這樣人口眾多的發展中大國歸根結底要靠自己的力量來發展。中國始終堅持獨立自主，把國家發展的基點和重心放在國內，注重從本國國情出發，主要依靠自身力量和改革創新推動經濟社會發展，不把問題和矛盾轉嫁給別國。在經濟全球化大背景下，中國只有堅持自主發展，才能更有效地參與國際分工，才能更好地同世界各國開展互利合作。

　　——開放發展。中國從自身發展經驗中深刻認識到，不能關起門來搞建設。中國把改革開放作為一項基本國策，把對內改革和對外開放結合起來，把堅持獨立自主同參與經濟全球化結合起來，把繼承中華民族優良傳統同學習借鑒人類社會一切文明成果結合起來，把國際國內兩個市場、兩種資源結合起來，以開放的姿態融入世界，不斷拓展對外開放的廣度和深度，加強同世界各國交流合作，完善內外聯動、互利共贏、安全高效的開放型經濟體係。中國對外開放的大門絕不會關上，開放水準只會越來越高。

　　——和平發展。中華民族是愛好和平的民族，中國人民從近代以後遭受戰亂和貧窮的慘痛經歷中，深感和平之珍貴、發展之迫切，深信只有和平才能實現人民安居樂業，只有發展才能實現人民豐衣足食，把為國家發展營造和平穩定的國際環境作為對外工作的中心任務。同時，中國積極為世界和平與發展作出自己應有的貢獻，絕不搞侵略擴張，永遠不爭霸、不稱霸，始終是維護世界和地區和平穩定的堅定力量。

　　——合作發展。國際社會始終會存在競爭和矛盾。各國應該在良性競爭中取長補短，不斷尋找合作機會，擴大合作領域，拓展共同利益。中國堅持以合作謀和平、以合作促發展、以合作化爭端，同其他國家建立和發展不同形式的合作關係，致力于通過同各國不斷擴大互利合作，有效應對日益增多的全球性挑戰，協力解決關乎世界經濟發展和人類生存進步的重大問題。

　　——共同發展。當今世界各國相互依存日益加深，只有實現世界各國共同發展，讓更多人分享發展成果，世界和平穩定才有堅實基礎和有效保障，世界各國發展才可以持續。因此，中國堅持奉行互利共贏的開放戰略，堅持自身利益與人類共同利益的一致性，在追求自身發展的同時努力實現與他國發展的良性互動，促進世界各國共同發展。中國真誠期待同世界各國並肩攜手，實現共同發展繁榮。

　　沿著和平發展道路，中國經歷了廣泛而深刻的變革，取得了顯著的發展成就，為世界繁榮穩定作出了重大貢獻，與世界更加緊密地聯繫在一起。

　　實現綜合國力大幅度提升。經濟總量從1978年到2010年翻了四番多，達到5.88萬億美元，佔世界的比重從1.8%增加到9.3%。中國現代化建設的物質基礎更加堅實，工業化、資訊化、城鎮化、市場化、國際化深入發展，社會主義建設事業全面推進。人民生活實現從溫飽不足到總體小康的歷史跨越，每人平均國民總收入相當于世界平均水準的比例從2005年的24.9%提高到2010年的46.8%。實現從高度集中的計劃經濟體制到充滿活力的社會主義市場經濟體制的偉大歷史轉折，形成公有制為主體、多種所有制經濟共同發展的基本經濟制度，市場在資源配置中的基礎性作用明顯增強，宏觀調控體係日臻完善。覆蓋城鄉居民的社會保障體係逐步建立，文化、教育、科技、衛生、體育等社會事業全面發展。

　　實現從封閉半封閉到全方位開放的偉大歷史轉折。從建立經濟特區到開放沿海、沿江、沿邊、內陸地區，從引進外資到鼓勵中國企業對外投資，從敞開國門搞建設到加入世界貿易組織，中國參與經濟全球化和區域經濟合作，對外開放水準不斷提高。進出口總額從1978年的206億美元增加到2010年的29740億美元。1979年至2010年，累計使用外商直接投資10483.8億美元。迄今同163個國家和地區建立了雙邊經貿合作機制，簽署10個自由貿易區協定，同129個國家簽署雙邊投資保護協定，同96個國家簽署避免雙重徵稅協定，成為貿易和投資自由化便利化的積極實踐者。中國根據加入世界貿易組織的承諾逐步降低關稅，關稅總水準從加入世貿組織前的15.3%降到目前的9.8%，並取消了大多數非關稅措施。中國積極構建總體穩定、均衡發展、互利共贏的大國關係框架，促進形成機遇共用、共同發展的周邊合作局面，鞏固並加強了同發展中國家傳統友誼和團結合作，與各國相互依存、利益交融日益加深，與世界各國交流合作更加廣泛。

　　為世界經濟穩定發展作出重要貢獻。2001年加入世界貿易組織以來，中國年均進口近7500億美元商品，相當于為相關國家和地區創造了1400多萬個就業崗位。過去10年，在華外商投資企業從中國累計匯出利潤2617億美元，年均增長30%。2000年至2010年，中國非金融類年度對外直接投資從不足10億美元增加到590億美元，有力促進了有關國家經濟發展。2009年境外中資企業實現境外納稅106億美元，聘用當地員工43.9萬人。中國近年來對世界經濟增長的貢獻率均達到10%以上。在1997年亞洲金融危機引起周邊國家和地區貨幣大幅貶值情況下，中國保持人民幣匯率基本穩定，為區域經濟穩定和發展作出了貢獻。2008年國際金融危機發生後，中國積極參與二十國集團等全球經濟治理機制建設，推動國際金融體係改革，參與各國宏觀經濟政策協調，參與國際貿易融資計劃和金融合作，組織大型採購團赴海外採購，向陷入困境的國家伸出援手。中國認真落實聯合國千年發展目標，成為全球唯一提前實現貧困人口減半國家，並根據自身能力積極開展對外援助。截至2009年底，中國累計向161個國家、30多個國際和區域組織提供了2563億元人民幣的援助，減免50個重債窮國和最不發達國家債務380筆，為發展中國家培訓人員12萬人次，累計派出2.1萬名援外醫療隊員和近1萬名援外教師。中國積極推動最不發達國家擴大對華出口，並已承諾對所有同中國建交的最不發達國家95%的輸華産品給予零關稅待遇。

　　為維護世界和平、應對全球性挑戰發揮重要作用。中國是唯一公開承諾不首先使用核武器、不對無核武器國家和無核武器區使用或威脅使用核武器的核國家。中國累計向聯合國30項維和行動派出各類人員約2.1萬人次，是派出維和人員最多的聯合國安理會常任理事國。中國積極參與反恐、防擴散領域國際合作，向遭受嚴重自然災害的國家提供人道主義援助並派出救援隊，為打擊海盜行為向亞丁灣、索馬裏海域派遣海軍護航編隊。中國參加了100多個政府間國際組織，簽署300多個國際公約，成為國際體係的參與者、建設者和貢獻者。中國是最早制定並實施《應對氣候變化國家方案》的發展中國家，也是近年節能減排力度最大、新能源和可再生能源研發速度最快的國家之一。中國為應對國際和地區熱點問題發揮了建設性作用，在朝核問題、伊朗核問題等熱點問題上堅持勸和促談，推動形成朝核問題六方會談機制。中國同12個陸地鄰國解決了歷史遺留的邊界問題，堅持通過對話談判處理同鄰國領土和海洋權益爭端，以建設性姿態提出“擱置爭議、共同開發”的主張，盡最大努力維護南海、東海及周邊和平穩定。中國通過開展雙邊合作並參與區域次區域合作，致力于促進亞太地區共同發展繁榮。

　　新中國成立以來特別是改革開放30多年的發展歷程表明，中國是國際社會的重要成員，是推動國際政治經濟秩序朝著更加公正合理方向發展並努力作出貢獻的國家。

　　二、中國和平發展的總體目標

　　中國和平發展的不懈追求是，對內求發展、求和諧，對外求合作、求和平。具體而言，就是通過中國人民的艱苦奮鬥和改革創新，通過同世界各國長期友好相處、平等互利合作，讓中國人民過上更好的日子，並為全人類發展進步作出應有貢獻。這已經上升為中國的國家意志，轉化為國家發展規劃和大政方針，落實在中國發展進程的廣泛實踐中。

　　實現國家現代化和人民共同富裕是中國和平發展的總體目標。20世紀70年代末實行改革開放後，中國制定並實施了“三步走”的現代化發展戰略。第一步，實現國民生産總值比1980年翻一番，解決人民溫飽問題。第二步，到20世紀末實現國民生産總值再翻一番，人民生活達到小康水準。這兩步目標已經實現。第三步，到本世紀中葉中華人民共和國成立100年時，每人平均國民生産總值達到中等發達國家水準，人民生活比較富裕，基本實現現代化，建成富強民主文明和諧的社會主義現代化國家。“三步走”目標的核心任務是，提高人民物質文化生活水準，實現富民與強國的統一。同時，要隨著綜合國力的不斷增強，履行相應的國際責任和義務。

　　全面建成惠及十幾億人口的更高水準的小康社會是中國和平發展的中長期目標。到2020年，中國將全面建成惠及十幾億人口的更高水準的小康社會，使中國成為工業化基本實現、綜合國力顯著增強、國內市場總體規模位居世界前列的國家，成為人民富裕程度普遍提高、生活品質明顯改善、生態環境良好的國家，成為人民享有更加充分民主權利、具有更高文明素質和精神追求的國家，成為各方面制度更加完善、社會更加充滿活力而又安定團結的國家，成為對外更加開放、更加具有親和力、為人類文明作出更大貢獻的國家。

　　實現“十二五”規劃是中國和平發展的近中期目標。在全面建設小康社會目標指引下，《中華人民共和國國民經濟和社會發展第十二個五年規劃綱要》確立了“十二五”時期（2011—2015年）中國經濟社會發展的指導思想、總體思路、目標任務和重大舉措。今後5年，中國經濟社會發展將堅持以科學發展為主題、以加快轉變經濟發展方式為主線，主要目標是：經濟平穩較快發展，經濟結構戰略性調整取得重大進展，科技教育水準明顯提高，資源節約和環境保護成效顯著，人民生活持續改善，社會建設明顯加強，改革開放不斷深化。經過全國人民共同努力奮鬥，使轉變經濟發展方式取得實質性進展，綜合國力、國際競爭力、抵禦風險能力顯著提高，全面建成小康社會的基礎更加牢固。同時，中國將積極開展國際交流合作，擴大和深化同各方利益匯合點，促進各國共同發展。

　　從溫飽到小康再到中等發達水準，使人民生活更加富裕，集中體現了中國和平發展的戰略意圖。為了實現上述目標，中國決心在以下方面作出努力。

　　——加快轉變經濟發展方式

　　把經濟結構戰略性調整作為主攻方向。堅持擴大國內需求特別是消費需求，通過多種途徑增強居民消費能力，調整優化國內投資結構，同步推進工業化、城鎮化和農業現代化，促進經濟增長由主要依靠投資和出口拉動向消費、投資、出口協調拉動轉變，由主要依靠第二産業帶動向依靠第一、第二、第三産業協同帶動轉變，由主要依靠增加物質資源消耗向主要依靠科技進步、勞動者素質提高、管理創新轉變。深入實施科教興國戰略和人才強國戰略，致力于建設創新型國家。堅持觀念創新和體制創新，注意學習吸收其他國家的先進技術和管理經驗，不斷提高經濟增長品質和效益。

　　著力突破制約發展的資源環境瓶頸。確立綠色、低碳發展理念，以節能減排為重點，加快構建資源節約、環境友好的生産方式和消費模式。推動迴圈經濟發展，改善環境品質，構建安全、穩定、經濟、清潔的現代能源産業體係，提升資源保障程度，促進人與自然和諧發展，實現經濟發展與人口資源環境相協調，堅持探索一條科技含量高、經濟效益好、資源消耗低、環境污染少、人力資源優勢得到充分發揮的中國特色新型工業化道路。中國經濟實現全面協調可持續發展，將為世界經濟發展開辟更加廣闊的空間。

　　——進一步挖掘自身資源和市場優勢

　　中國擁有豐富的人力物力資源和比較完備的工業體係，將堅持以自力更生為主實現持續發展。預計到2015年，中國人才資源總量將達到1.56億人，主要勞動年齡人口受過高等教育的比例將達到15%，人才資源對經濟增長的貢獻率將達到32%，可以為中國經濟持續發展提供充足的優質勞動力。中國礦産資源和耕地面積總量居世界前列，糧食基本實現自給自足。盡管每人平均國內資源擁有量較低，但通過充分發揮市場配置功能和推動科技進步，可以最大限度減少中國經濟社會發展對資源的依賴。中國將發揮原材料、裝備以及消費品制造等産業優勢，滿足本國民眾的物質需求，為世界市場提供更多優質産品和服務。

　　人口規模和經濟總量決定了中國擁有巨大國內需求潛力。隨著每人平均收入不斷增加、國內投資穩步提高、區域發展戰略深入推進，中國還將形成新的經濟增長極和更大的市場空間。未來5年，中國消費結構將進一步提升，居民消費潛力將得到進一步釋放，國內市場總體規模將位居世界前列，進口規模累計有望達到8萬億美元，這將給世界各國帶來更多商機。

　　——加快構建和諧社會

　　中國將加快推進以改善民生為重點的社會建設，夯實社會和諧的民生基礎。推進社會體制改革，建立健全基本公共服務體係，創新社會管理機制，提高社會管理水準，完善收入分配制度和社會保障體係，努力使全體人民學有所教、勞有所得、病有所醫、老有所養、住有所居，形成社會和諧人人有責、和諧社會人人共用的生動局面，使發展成果惠及全體人民。

　　加強社會主義民主政治建設，積極穩妥推進政治體制改革，發展社會主義民主，建設社會主義法治國家，保障人民當家作主。繼續依法實行民主選舉、民主決策、民主管理、民主監督，保障人民的知情權、參與權、表達權、監督權，擴大公民有序政治參與。繼續堅持各民族一律平等和民族區域自治，依法保障人民的宗教信仰自由，充分尊重並維護公民的基本人權和其他合法權益。

　　——實施互利共贏的開放戰略

　　堅持對外開放的基本國策。奉行互利共贏的開放戰略，充分利用經濟全球化和區域經濟合作提供的各種有利條件，實現對外開放由出口和吸收外資為主向進口和出口、吸收外資和對外投資並重轉變，不斷拓展新的開放領域和空間，完善開放型經濟體係，提高開放型經濟水準，以開放促發展、促改革、促創新。

　　加快轉變外貿發展方式。繼續積極參與國際分工，推動外貿發展從規模擴張向品質效益提高轉變、從成本優勢向綜合競爭優勢轉變，大力發展服務貿易，擴大進口規模，促進國際貿易收支趨向基本平衡，反對貿易保護主義，妥善處理國際經貿摩擦。

　　努力提高利用外資水準。不斷優化結構、豐富方式、拓寬渠道、提高品質，加快引進智力、人才、技術，引導外資投向重點領域和重點地區。保護外資企業在華合法權益，對國際資本和先進技術持開放態度，創造公平有序的投資環境。實施國家知識産權戰略，大力提高知識産權創造、運用、保護和管理能力。

　　更加重視對外投資和合作。鼓勵各類企業有序開展境外投資和合作經營，支援在境外開展技術研發投資合作，開展海外工程承包和勞務合作，擴大農業領域國際合作，深化國際能源資源開發互利合作。大力開展有利于改善東道國民生和增強東道國自主發展能力的項目合作，尊重當地宗教和風俗習慣，遵守駐在國法律，承擔相應社會責任和義務，促進駐在國發展。優化對外援助結構，創新對外援助方式，提升對外援助效果。

　　有序擴大金融市場和金融業對外開放。構建服務高效、風險可控的金融體係，完善以市場供求為基礎、有管理的浮動匯率制度，逐步實現人民幣資本項目可兌換。既為各國對華開展貿易投資互利合作帶來更大便利，也為維護國際貨幣金融市場穩定、促進經濟全球化健康發展創造更好條件。

　　——創造和平國際環境和有利外部條件

　　中國堅持在和平共處五項基本原則的基礎上同所有國家發展友好合作。同發達國家加強戰略對話，增進戰略互信，深化互利合作，妥善處理分歧，探索建立和發展新型大國關係，推動相互關係長期穩定健康發展。堅持與鄰為善、以鄰為伴、睦鄰友好的方針，發展同周邊國家和亞洲其他國家的友好合作關係，積極開展雙邊和區域合作，共同營造和平穩定、平等互信、合作共贏的地區環境。加強同廣大發展中國家的團結，深化傳統友誼，擴大互利合作，通過援助和投資等方式，真誠幫助發展中國家實現自主發展，維護發展中國家正當權益和共同利益。積極參與多邊事務和全球性問題治理，承擔相應國際義務，發揮建設性作用，推動國際政治經濟秩序朝著更加公正合理的方向發展。深入開展同各國議會、政黨、地方、民間等各方面交流合作，擴大人文領域對外交流，增進中國人民同各國人民的相互了解和友誼。

　　堅持奉行防禦性的國防政策。中國有廣闊的領土和遼闊的海洋，陸地邊界2.2萬多公裏，大陸海岸線1.8萬多公裏。中國面臨復雜多樣的傳統和非傳統安全挑戰，受到分裂勢力和恐怖主義等威脅。推進國防現代化是中國合理的國家安全需求，是中國實現和平發展的必要保障。中國軍隊現代化的根本目的是捍衛國家主權、安全、領土完整，保障國家發展利益。中國國防開支是合理適度的，是與維護國家安全需要相適應的，中國不會也無意同任何國家搞軍備競賽，不會對任何國家構成軍事威脅。中國堅持“人不犯我、我不犯人”，致力于和平解決國際爭端和熱點問題。中國重視加強國際軍事交流，推動國際和地區安全合作，反對一切形式的恐怖主義。

　　三、中國和平發展的對外方針政策

　　中國作為國際社會的一員，對未來的世界懷有美好期待，堅持與和平發展相適應的國際關係理念和對外方針政策。

　　——推動建設和諧世界

　　維護世界和平、促進共同發展是中國外交政策的宗旨。中國倡導並致力于同世界各國一道推動建設持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界。認為這既是一個長期目標，又是一項現實任務。為了建設和諧世界，應努力做到：

　　政治上相互尊重、平等協商，共同推進國際關係民主化。國家不分大小、強弱、貧富，都是國際社會平等成員，都應受到國際社會尊重。維護聯合國在世界事務中的核心地位，遵循聯合國憲章宗旨和原則，恪守國際法和公認的國際關係準則，在國際關係中弘揚民主、和睦、協作、共贏精神。各國內部事務應由本國人民自己決定，世界上的事情應由各國平等協商，各國平等參與國際事務的權利應得到尊重和維護。

　　經濟上相互合作、優勢互補，共同推動經濟全球化朝著均衡、普惠、共贏方向發展。努力建立公正、公開、合理、非歧視的多邊貿易體制，使經濟全球化成果惠及世界各國。攜手落實聯合國千年發展目標，使21世紀成為人人享有發展成果的世紀。

　　文化上相互借鑒、求同存異，尊重世界多樣性，共同促進人類文明繁榮進步。大力提倡不同文明間對話和交流，消除意識形態偏見和隔閡，使人類社會一天比一天和諧和睦，讓世界更加豐富多彩。

　　安全上相互信任、加強合作，堅持用和平方式而不是戰爭手段解決國際爭端，共同維護世界和平穩定。通過協商對話增進信任、減少分歧、化解糾紛，避免使用武力或以武力相威脅。

　　環保上相互幫助、協力推進，共同呵護人類賴以生存的地球家園。提倡創新發展模式，走可持續發展道路，促進人與自然和諧發展。堅持共同但有區別的責任原則，加強環境保護和應對氣候變化的國際合作。

　　——堅持獨立自主的和平外交政策

　　中國人民堅持自己選擇的社會制度和發展道路，不允許外部勢力幹涉中國內政。堅持在和平共處五項原則基礎上，同所有國家發展友好合作，不同任何國家和國家集團結盟，不以社會制度和意識形態異同決定國家關係的親疏。尊重各國人民自主選擇社會制度和發展道路的權利，不幹涉別國內部事務，反對以大欺小、以強淩弱，反對霸權主義和強權政治。堅持通過求同存異、對話協商解決矛盾分歧，不把自己的意志強加于人。堅持從中國人民的根本利益和世界人民的共同利益出發，根據事情本身的是非曲直確定立場和政策，秉持公道，伸張正義，在國際事務中積極發揮建設性作用。

　　中國堅決維護國家核心利益。中國的核心利益包括：國家主權，國家安全，領土完整，國家統一，中國憲法確立的國家政治制度和社會大局穩定，經濟社會可持續發展的基本保障。

　　中國充分尊重各國維護本國利益的正當權利，在積極實現本國發展的同時，充分顧及他國正當關切和利益，絕不做損人利己、以鄰為壑的事情。

　　中國把中國人民的利益同世界各國人民的共同利益結合起來，擴大同各方利益的匯合點，同各國各地區建立並發展不同領域不同層次的利益共同體，推動實現全人類共同利益，共用人類文明進步成果。

　　——倡導互信、互利、平等、協作的新安全觀

　　中國倡導互信、互利、平等、協作的新安全觀，尋求實現綜合安全、共同安全、合作安全。

　　注重綜合安全。在新的歷史條件下，傳統安全威脅和非傳統安全威脅相互交織，安全內涵擴展到更多領域。國際社會需要強化綜合安全觀念，堅持綜合施策、標本兼治，攜手應對人類面臨的多樣化安全挑戰。

　　追求共同安全。在經濟全球化條件下各國命運休戚與共，國際社會應增強共同安全意識，既要維護本國安全，又要尊重別國安全關切。要摒棄冷戰思維和同盟對抗，通過多邊合作維護共同安全，協力防止衝突和戰爭。充分發揮聯合國在維護世界和平與安全方面的作用，建立公平有效的共同安全機制。

　　促進合作安全。戰爭和對抗只會導致以暴易暴的惡性迴圈，對話和談判是解決爭端的唯一有效和可靠途徑。要以合作謀和平、以合作保安全、以合作化幹戈、以合作促和諧，反對動輒使用武力或以武力相威脅。

　　——秉持積極有為的國際責任觀

　　作為世界上人口最多的發展中國家，中國把自己的事情辦好，本身就是對世界負責任最重要的體現。作為國際社會負責任的國家，中國遵循國際法和公認的國際關係準則，認真履行應盡的國際責任。中國以積極姿態參與國際體係變革和國際規則制定，參與全球性問題治理，支援發展中國家發展，維護世界和平穩定。各國國情和發展階段不同，應按照責任、權利、實力相一致的原則，著眼本國和人類共同利益，從自身國力出發，履行相應國際義務，發揮建設性作用。隨著綜合國力的不斷增強，中國將力所能及地承擔更多國際責任。

　　——奉行睦鄰友好的地區合作觀

　　中國同周邊各國積極開展睦鄰友好合作，共同推動建設和諧亞洲。主張地區各國相互尊重、增進互信、求同存異，通過談判對話和友好協商解決包括領土和海洋權益爭端在內的各種矛盾和問題，共同維護地區和平穩定。密切經貿往來和互利合作，推進地區經濟一體化進程，完善現有區域次區域合作機制，對其他區域合作構想持開放態度，歡迎地區外國家在促進地區和平與發展中發揮建設性作用。中國不謀求地區霸權和勢力范圍，不排擠任何國家，中國的繁榮發展和長治久安對周邊鄰國是機遇而不是威脅。中國將始終秉承自強不息、開拓進取、開放包容、同舟共濟的“亞洲精神”，永做亞洲其他國家的好鄰居、好朋友、好夥伴。

　　四、中國和平發展是歷史的必然選擇

　　走和平發展道路是中國政府和人民繼承中華文化的優秀傳統、根據時代發展潮流和中國根本利益作出的戰略抉擇，是中國發展的內在需要。

　　——和平發展是中國歷史文化的傳承

　　中國文化自古就認為世界應是一個和諧整體，這個觀念深深影響了中華民族的思想和行為，成為中國人處理人與人、人與自然乃至國與國關係的重要價值觀。

　　中國人民歷來崇尚“和而不同”、“天人合一”、“以和為貴”的理念，以和諧精神凝聚家庭、敦睦鄰裏、善待他人。和諧文化培育了中華民族熱愛和平的民族稟性。舉世聞名的“絲綢之路”是一條貿易之路、文化之路、和平之路，銘刻下中國古人追求同各國人民友好交流、互利合作的歷史足跡。中國明代著名航海家鄭和“七下西洋”，遠涉亞非30多個國家和地區，展現的是中華燦爛文明和先進科技，留下的是和平與友誼。

　　中華民族以“海納百川，有容乃大”的胸懷，接受一切有益的外來文化，促進了中外文化融合，留下了不少對外文化交流的千古佳話。中國人民具有強烈的集體意識和社會責任感，崇尚“己所不欲，勿施于人”，尊重不同文化、不同觀念，注重推己及人、將心比心，不將自己的意志強加于人。對外待之以禮，實行睦近交遠。

　　從5000多年文明史中走來的中國人民，繼承了中華文化的優秀傳統，又賦予這一文化新的時代內涵。

　　——和平發展是中國基本國情的要求

　　中國人口多、底子薄，用世界7.9%的耕地和6.5%的淡水資源養活著世界近20%的人口，經濟社會發展成就要由13億多人共用，不斷滿足眾多人口生存和發展需求是巨大難題。2010年，中國每人平均國內生産總值約為4400美元，居世界100位左右。中國城鄉、區域發展很不平衡，經濟社會發展結構性矛盾突出，資源環境等發展的瓶頸制約突出，經濟增長過于依賴物質資源投入，轉變經濟發展方式任務艱巨。中國自主創新能力較弱，在國際産業體係和貿易分工中仍處于産業鏈低端。中國人民生活水準還不高，社會保障體係還很不完善，與發達國家相比還有很大差距。

　　中國現代化是世界五分之一人口的現代化，這是一個很長的歷史過程。這一過程中的困難和問題，無論規模還是難度，在當今世界都是絕無僅有的，在人類歷史上也是罕見的。在相當長歷史時期內，中國仍將是一個發展中國家，這就決定了中國必須集中力量推進現代化，集中精力解決發展和民生問題；始終需要和平穩定的國際環境，開展對外交流合作。即使中國將來強大起來，和平依然是發展的基本前提，沒有理由偏離和平發展道路。基本國情、文化傳統和國家根本利益、長遠利益是中國和平發展的決定因素和內生動力。

　　——和平發展是順應世界潮流的選擇

　　和平與發展是當今時代的兩大主題，和平、發展、合作是不可阻擋的世界潮流。當前，世界多極化、經濟全球化深入發展，國際體係變革的要求突出，國際社會正面臨越來越多新的歷史課題。共同用好發展機遇，共同應對各種風險，成為各國人民的願望。

　　經濟全球化成為影響國際關係的重要趨勢。不同制度、不同類型、不同發展階段的國家相互依存、利益交融，形成“你中有我、我中有你”的命運共同體。人類再也承受不起世界大戰，大國全面衝突對抗只會造成兩敗俱傷。

　　全球性挑戰成為世界主要威脅。人類共同安全問題日益突出，恐怖主義、大規模殺傷性武器擴散、金融危機、嚴重自然災害、氣候變化、能源資源安全、糧食安全、公共衛生安全等攸關人類生存和經濟社會可持續發展的全球性問題日益增多。任何國家都不可能單獨解決這些問題，國際社會必須攜手應對。如果不能通過全面持續的國際合作抑制各種負面因素，世界和平與發展將面臨重大障礙，甚至可能遭受更大災難。

　　世界多極化發展進程難以阻擋。新興市場國家、區域集團和亞洲等地區力量不斷發展壯大，各類非國家行為體迅速成長，借助經濟全球化和社會資訊化拓展影響，成為各國和國際舞臺上的重要力量。

　　世界潮流浩浩蕩蕩，順之則昌，逆之則亡。國際社會應該超越國際關係中陳舊的“零和博弈”，超越危險的冷戰、熱戰思維，超越曾把人類一次次拖入對抗和戰亂的老路。要以命運共同體的新視角，以同舟共濟、合作共贏的新理念，尋求多元文明交流互鑒的新局面，尋求人類共同利益和共同價值的新內涵，尋求各國合作應對多樣化挑戰和實現包容性發展的新道路。要和平，不要戰爭；要發展，不要停滯；要對話，不要對抗；要理解，不要隔閡，乃大勢所趨、人心所向。中國走和平發展道路，正是在這一時代大背景下的必然選擇。

　　五、中國和平發展的世界意義

　　和平發展道路是中國這個世界上最大的發展中國家探索出的一條新型發展道路，隨著時間的推移，這條道路已經並將進一步顯示出其世界意義。這條道路的成功既需要中國人民堅持不懈努力，也需要外部世界理解和支援。

　　中國和平發展打破了“國強必霸”的大國崛起傳統模式。建立殖民體係、爭奪勢力范圍、對外武力擴張，是近代歷史上一些大國崛起的老路。特別是在20世紀，追逐霸權、實力對抗、兵戎相見，使人類慘遭兩次世界大戰的浩劫。中國基于自己幾千年歷史文化傳統，基于對經濟全球化本質的認識，對21世紀國際關係和國際安全格局變化的認識，對人類共同利益和共同價值的認識，鄭重選擇和平發展、合作共贏作為實現國家現代化、參與國際事務和處理國際關係的基本途徑。幾十年來的實踐證明，中國走和平發展道路走對了，沒有任何理由加以改變。

　　經濟全球化和科技革命為更多國家提供了通過經濟發展和互利合作實現振興的歷史條件，越來越多發展中國家走上快速發展的道路。正是因為這樣，世界經濟規模和發展空間才越來越大，國際社會抵禦經濟和金融危機的能力才明顯增強，國際經濟體係變革才有了更強勁的動力。中國和平發展順應了這一世界發展大勢，中國樂見並支援越來越多的發展中國家改變自身命運，也樂見和支援發達國家繼續繁榮發展。

　　在世界發生翻天覆地變化的今天，無論什麼主義、什麼制度、什麼模式、什麼道路，都在經歷時代和實踐的檢驗。各國國情千差萬別，世界上不存在最好的、萬能的、一成不變的發展模式，只有最適合本國國情的發展道路。中國的發展道路形成于、立足于本國國情。中國深刻認識到走和平發展道路的重要性和長期性，認識到國內外環境變化的深刻性和復雜性，將更加注意總結和運用自身的成功經驗，更加注意學習借鑒其他國家的有益經驗，更加注意研究前進道路上的新問題、新挑戰，為和平發展開辟更為廣闊的前景。

　　中國發展離不開世界，世界繁榮穩定也離不開中國。中國取得的發展成就與世界各國友好合作密不可分，中國未來發展更需要國際社會理解和支援，我們衷心感謝所有理解、關心、支援、幫助中國發展的國家和人民。有十幾億人口的中國走和平發展道路，這是人類發展史上新的偉大探索和實踐，不可能做得十全十美，我們歡迎一切友好建議和善意批評。我們真誠希望國際社會更加深入地了解中國源遠流長的文明傳統，尊重中國人民對國家主權、安全、領土完整和社會穩定的珍視，理解中國作為最大發展中國家需要逐步解決的各種發展難題，理解中國人民渴望徹底擺脫貧困、過上富裕日子的心情，相信中國人民走和平發展道路的誠意和決心，支援而不是阻礙中國走和平發展道路。

　　回顧歷史，展望未來，我們堅信，一個繁榮發展的中國，一個民主法治的中國，一個和諧穩定的中國，必將為世界作出更大貢獻。中國人民願同世界各國人民一道，為實現人類美好理想而不懈努力。

China's PeacefulDevelopmentInformation Office of the State Council
The People's Republic of China
September 2011, Beijing

Contents

I.The Path ofChina's Peaceful Development: What It Is About

II.What China Aimsto Achieve by Pursuing Peaceful Development

III.China'sForeign Policies for Pursuing Peaceful Development

IV.China's Path ofPeaceful Development Is a Choice Necessitated by History

V.What China'sPeaceful Development Means to the Rest of the World

Situated in the East, China, acountry with an ancient civilization and a population of over 1.3billion, is making big strides in its advance toward modernization.What path of development has China chosen? What will China'sdevelopment bring to the rest of the world? These issues are thefocus of the whole world.

China has declared to the rest ofthe world on many occasions that it takes a path of peacefuldevelopment and is committed to upholding world peace and promotingcommon development and prosperity for all countries. At thebeginning of the second decade of the 21st century and on theoccasion of the 90th anniversary of the founding of the CommunistParty of China (CPC), China declared solemnly again to the worldthat peaceful development is a strategic choice made by China torealize modernization, make itself strong and prosperous, and makemore contribution to the progress of human civilization. China willunswervingly follow the path of peaceful development.

I. The Path of China'sPeaceful Develop-ment: What It Is About

Over the past 5,000 years, peopleof all ethnic groups in China, with diligence and wisdom, havecreated a splendid civilization and built a unified multi-ethniccountry. The Chinese civilization has a unique feature of beingenduring, inclusive and open. The Chinese nation has endeavored tolearn from other nations and improved itself through centuries ofinteractions with the rest of the world, making major contributionto the progress of human civilization.

In the mid-19th century, Westernpowers forced open China's door with gunboats. Internal turmoil andforeign aggression gradually turned China into a semi-colonial andsemi-feudal society. The country became poor and weak, and thepeople suffered from wars and chaos. Facing imminent danger ofnational subjugation, one generation of patriots after anotherfought hard to find a way to reform and save the nation. TheRevolution of 1911 put an end to the system of monarchy which hadruled China for several thousand years, and inspired the Chinesepeople to struggle for independence and prosperity. However, suchefforts and struggle failed to change the nature of China as asemi-colonial and semi-feudal society, or lift the Chinese peopleout of misery. Living up to the people's expectation, the CPC ledthem in carrying out arduous struggle, and finally founded thePeople's Republic of China in 1949. This marked the realization ofChina's independence and liberation of its people and ushered in anew epoch in China's history.

In the past six decades and moresince the founding of New China, and particularly since theintroduction of the reform and opening-up policies in 1978, theChinese government has worked hard to explore a path of socialistmodernization that conforms to China's conditions and the trend ofthe times. Overcoming difficulties and setbacks, the Chinese peoplehave advanced with the times, drawn on both experience and lessonsfrom the development of China itself and other countries, deepenedunderstanding of the laws governing the development of humansociety, and promoted the self-improvement and growth of thesocialist system. Through arduous struggle, the Chinese people havesucceeded in finding a path of development conforming to China'sreality ― the path of socialism with Chinesecharacteristics.

Viewed in the broader, global andhistorical context, the path of peaceful development may be definedas follows: China should develop itself through upholding worldpeace and contribute to world peace through its own development. Itshould achieve development with its own efforts and by carrying outreform and innovation; at the same time, it should open itself tothe outside and learn from other countries. It should seek mutualbenefit and common development with other countries in keeping withthe trend of economic globalization, and it should work togetherwith other countries to build a harmonious world of durable peaceand common prosperity. This is a path of scientific, independent,open, peaceful, cooperative and common development.

― Scientific development.Scientific development means respecting and following the lawsgoverning the development of economy, society and nature, focusingon development and freeing and developing the productive forces.China takes the Scientific Outlook on Development as an importantprinciple guiding economic and social development, and gives toppriority to development in governing and rejuvenating the countryby the Party. It puts people first, promotes comprehensive,balanced, and sustainable development, and takes all factors intoconsideration when making balanced overall plans. In putting peoplefirst, the Chinese government always respects human rights andhuman values and works to meet the ever-growing material andcultural needs of the people and promote prosperity for all. Itstrives to advance the all-round development of man, to ensure thatdevelopment is for the people, by the people and with the peoplesharing its fruits. In promoting comprehensive, balanced, andsustainable development, the Chinese government promotescomprehensive economic development as well as political, culturaland social progress and ecological improvement, and coordinateddevelopment of all links and aspects of the modernization drive. Inmaking balanced overall plans, the Chinese government seeks toidentify and properly handle the major relationships in the causeof building socialism with Chinese characteristics and maintainbalance between urban and rural development, development ofdifferent regions, economic and social development, man and nature,and domestic development and opening to the outsideworld.

― Independent development. As apopulous developing country, China must rely on itself in pursuingdevelopment. China maintains independence, focuses on domesticdevelopment, acts in keeping with its national conditions, carriesout reform and innovation for economic and social developmentthrough its own efforts, and it does not shift problems anddifficulties onto other countries. In the era of economicglobalization, only by pursuing independent development can Chinamore effectively participate in international division of labor,and promote mutually beneficial cooperation with othercountries.

― Open development. China haslearned from its development course that it cannot develop itselfwith its door closed. Taking reform and opening-up as a basicpolicy, China both carries out domestic reform and opens itself tothe outside world, both pursues independent development and takespart in economic globalization and both carries forward the finetraditions of the Chinese nation and draws on all the fineachievements of other civilizations. It combines both the domesticmarket and foreign markets and uses both domestic resources andforeign resources. China integrates itself with the rest of theworld with an open attitude, expands and deepens the opening-upstrategy, and strengthens exchanges and cooperation with othercountries. It strives to build an open economic system whichensures better linkages with the global economy, mutuallybeneficial cooperation as well as security and efficiency. Chinawill never close its door to the outside world, and will openitself increasingly wider.

― Peaceful development. TheChinese nation loves peace. From their bitter sufferings from warand poverty in modern times, the Chinese people have learned thevalue of peace and the pressing need of development. They see thatonly peace can allow them to live and work in prosperity andcontentment and that only development can bring them decent living.Therefore, the central goal of China's diplomacy is to create apeaceful and stable international environment for its development.In the meantime, China strives to make its due contribution toworld peace and development. It never engages in aggression orexpansion, never seeks hegemony, and remains a staunch force forupholding regional and world peace and stability.

― Cooperative development. Thereare always competition and conflicts in international relations.Each country should draw on others' merits to offset its ownweakness through fair competition, find opportunities forcooperation, expand areas of cooperation, and improve commoninterests. China uses cooperation as a way to pursue peace, promotedevelopment and settle disputes. It seeks to establish and developcooperative relationships of different forms with other countriesand effectively meet growing global challenges by constantlyexpanding mutually beneficial cooperation with other countries, andworks with them to solve major problems that affect world economicdevelopment and human survival and progress.

― Common development. Countriesare becoming increasingly interdependent. Only when commondevelopment of all countries is realized and more people share thefruit of development, can world peace and stability have a solidfoundation and be effectively guaranteed, and can development besustainable in all countries. Therefore, China unswervingly followsa strategy of opening-up and mutual benefit. It pursues both itsown interests and the common interests of mankind and works toensure that its own development and the development of othercountries are mutually reinforcing, thus promoting the commondevelopment of all countries. China sincerely hopes to work withother countries to realize common development andprosperity.

Thanks to its pursuit of peacefuldevelopment, China has under-gone profound changes. It has maderemarkable achievements in development, made major contribution toworld prosperity and sta-bility, and is more closely linked withthe rest of the world.

China's overall strength has grownconsiderably. Its total eco-nomic output reached US$5.88 trillionin 2010, over 16 times that of 1978, rising to 9.3% of the world'stotal from 1.8% in 1978. The material basis for China'smodernization drive has become more solid; steady progress has beenmade in turning China into an industrialized, information-based,urbanized, market-oriented and internationalized country, and thecause of socialist development is being advanced in all respects.The Chinese people, once inadequately fed and clad, are leading adecent life on the whole ― a historic breakthrough. The share ofChina's per capita income comparable to the world average grew from24.9% in 2005 to 46.8% in 2010. A historic transformation from ahighly centralized planned economy to a dynamic socialist marketeconomy has been achieved in China. A basic economic system inwhich public ownership takes the lead and different economicownerships grow side by side has come into being. The market playsan increasingly important role in allocating resources, and thesystem of macroeconomic regulation is improving. A social securitysystem covering both urban and rural residents is taking shape, andculture, education, science and technology, health care, sports andother social programs are flourishing.

A historic transformation turningChina from a closed or semi-closed state to one featuring all-roundopening up has been realized. With the setting up of specialeconomic zones, opening of coastal areas, regions along the majorrivers and the borders and inland areas to the outside world,absorbing foreign investment and making Chinese investmentoverseas, and entry into the World Trade Organization, China hastaken an active part in economic globalization and regionaleconomic cooperation, and its opening-up has steadily deepened. Thecountry's total import and export volume grew from US$20.6billion-worth in 1978 to US$2.974 trillion-worth in 2010. Utilizedforeign direct investment from 1979 to 2010 totaled US$1.04838trillion. China maintains business and trade ties with 163countries and regions. It has signed ten free-trade-zoneagreements, bilateral investment treaties with 129 countries, anddouble taxation avoidance agreements with 96 countries. All thisshows that China is actively promoting liberalization andfacilitation of trade and investment. To honor its commitments tothe WTO, China has reduced its total tariff rate from 15.3% beforeits entry into the WTO to the present 9.8%, and abolished mostnon-tariff measures. China has been working to build a framework inwhich its relations with other major countries are generally stableand mutually beneficial and develop in a balanced way, and whichensures that China and its neighbors share opportunities anddevelop together. It has strengthened traditional friendship,solidarity and cooperation with other developing countries. Chinais becoming increasingly interdependent with other countries; it ismore closely linked with them in terms of interests, and itsexchanges and cooperation with other countries are becoming moreextensive than ever before.

China has made importantcontribution to the stable develop-ment of the world economy. Sinceits entry into the WTO in 2001, China has imported goods worthnearly US$750 billion every year, and created over 14 million jobsfor those exporting countries and regions. Over the past decade,foreign-funded companies in China have remitted a total of US$261.7billion of profits, with an annual increase of 30%. From 2000 to2010, China's annual non-financial direct overseas investment grewfrom less than US$1 billion to US$59 billion, thus boosting theeconomic development in the recipient countries. In 2009, overseasChina-invested companies paid taxes worth US$10.6 billion, andemployed 439,000 local people. China has contributed over 10% toworld economic growth every year in recent years. In 1997 when theAsian financial crisis caused a dramatic devaluation of currenciesin countries and regions close to it, China succeeded in keepingthe RMB exchange rate basically stable, contributing to regionaleconomic stability and development. Since the internationalfinancial crisis erupted in 2008, China has taken an active part inthe G20's efforts to build a global economic governance mechanism,promoted the reform of the international financial system, gotinvolved in multi-country macroeconomic policy coordination, andparticipated in international trade financing schemes and financialcooperation. It has sent large overseas purchasing missions andhelped countries in difficulties. China conscientiously meets theMillennium Development Goals of the United Nations, and is the onlycountry in the world that has halved the number of people living inpoverty ahead of schedule. In addition, China provides assistanceto other countries and regions as its capacity permits. By the endof 2009, China had given assistance worth RMB 256.3 billion to 161countries and over 30 international and regional organizations,reduced and canceled 380 debts incurred by 50 heavily indebted poorcountries and least-developed countries, trained 120,000 people forother developing countries, and sent 21,000 medical personnel andnearly 10,000 teachers abroad to help other countries. Chinaencourages the least-developed countries to expand exports to Chinaand has pledged zero tariff treatment to over 95% of the exports toChina by all the least-developed countries which have diplomaticrelations with China.

China plays an important role insafeguarding world peace and meeting global challenges. China isthe only nuclear-weapon country that has publicly stated that itwill not be the first to use nuclear weapons, or use or threaten touse nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-weapon states ornuclear-weapon-free zones. China has dispatched about 21,000personnel on 30 UN peacekeeping missions, which is the highestnumber among the permanent members of the UN Security Council.China takes an active part in international cooperation inanti-terrorism and nonproliferation. It provides humanitarian aidand dispatches rescue teams to countries hit by severe naturaldisasters and deploys naval escort fleets to combat piracy in theGulf of Aden and off the coast of Somalia. China is a member ofover 100 intergovernmental international organizations, a party toover 300 international conventions, and an active participant inbuilding the international system. China is the first developingcountry to formulate and implement the National Climate ChangeProgram. It is also one of the countries which have made thegreatest efforts in energy saving and emission reduction and whichhave made the fastest progress in developing new and renewableenergy sources in recent years. China has played a constructiverole in addressing international and regional hotspot problems. Forinstance, it calls for resolving the Korean nuclear issue, theIranian nuclear issue and other hotspot issues through peacefultalks, and has helped to establish the Six-Party Talks mechanism onthe Korean nuclear issue. China has settled historical boundaryissues with 12 land neighbors. It calls for settling disputes overterritory and maritime rights and interests with neighboringcountries through dialogue and negotiation. For instance, China hasmade a constructive proposal to "shelve disputes and seek jointdevelopment" and done its utmost to uphold peace and stability inthe South China Sea, East China Sea and the surrounding areas.China seeks to promote common development and prosperity in theAsia-Pacific region by pursuing bilateral cooperation andparticipating in regional and sub-regional cooperation.

China's development since NewChina was founded in 1949 and particularly since the reform andopening-up policies were introduced in 1978 shows that China is animportant member of the international community which hascontributed its due share to bringing about a more just andequitable international political and economic order.

II. What China Aims toAchieve by Pur-suing Peaceful Development

China's overall goal of pursuingpeaceful development is to pro-mote development and harmonydomestically and pursue cooperation and peace internationally.Specifically, this means that China will endeavor to make lifebetter for its people and contribute to human progress through hardwork, innovation and reform carried out by the Chinese people andgrowing long-term friendly relations and promoting equality andmutually-beneficial cooperation with other countries. This hasbecome a national commitment which is manifest in strategies fornational development, and progress made in the course of China'sdevelopment.

To achieve modernization andcommon prosperity for the people is the overall goal of China'spursuit of peaceful develop-ment. Following the introduction of thepolicies of reform and opening-up to the outside world in the late1970s, China adopted and implemented a three-step strategy forachieving modernization. The first step was to double the GNP of1980 and ensure people's basic living needs. The second step was toredouble the output of 1980 and achieve initial prosperity by theend of the 20th century. The goals of these two steps have beenmet. The third step aims to make the per capita GNP reach the levelof that of the medium-developed countries, bring about generalprosperity, basically realize modernization and build China into arich, strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious and modernsocialist country by the 100th anniversary of the People's Republicof China in the mid-21st century. The central goal of thisthree-step development strategy is to improve people's material andcultural lives, and make the people rich and the country strong.Meanwhile, as its comprehensive strength increases, China willshoulder corresponding international responsibilities andobligations.

To build a society of higher-levelinitial prosperity in an all-round way which benefits over onebillion Chinese people is the medium-and long-term goal of China'spursuit of peaceful devel-opment. By 2020, China will have built asociety of higher-level ini-tial prosperity in an all-round waythat benefits the over one billion Chinese people. This will makeChina a country which has basically realized industrialization,significantly increased its comprehensive national strength andtaken the lead in the world in terms of the total size of thedomestic market. The general living standard and quality of life ofthe Chinese people will be raised, and the country's naturalenvironment will be well protected. The Chinese people will enjoyfull democratic rights, are better educated and pursue commonaspirations. China's social system and institutions will be furtherimproved, the Chinese society will be more dynamic, stable andunified, and China will be a more open and engaging country andcontribute more to human civilization.

To implement the Twelfth Five-YearPlan of development is the near and medium-term goal of China'spursuit of peaceful development. To build a society of initialprosperity in an all-round way, the Outline of the TwelfthFive-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of thePeople's Republic of China (2011-2015) laid down the guidingprinciples, goals and major tasks for this period. In the comingfive years, China will focus on scientific development andaccelerate the shifting of model of growth in pursuing economic andsocial development, and efforts will be made to achieve thefollowing goals: ensuring stable and fairly fast development of theeconomy, making great progress in carrying out strategic adjustmentof the economy, significantly improving science, technology andeducation, making major progress in saving resources and protectingthe environment, continuing to improve people's lives, enhancingsocial services and further deepening the reform and opening-up tothe outside world. Through the concerted efforts of the Chinesepeople, we will make major progress in shifting the model ofgrowth, markedly improve China's comprehensive strength,international competitiveness and the ability to ward off risks andconsolidate the foundation for building a society of initialprosperity in an all-round way. Meanwhile, China will energeticallyconduct international exchanges and cooperation, and expand anddeepen the shared interests of all countries to promote commondevelopment.

From ensuring people's basicliving needs to building a society of initial prosperity and thento reaching the level of the medium-developed countries ― this iswhat China's strategy for peaceful de-velopment is all about. Toreach these goals, China will make the followingefforts:

― Accelerating the shifting of themodel of growth

Making adjustment of the economicsectors will receive top priority. Domestic demand, especiallyconsumer demand, will be stimulated by increasing individualconsumption through multiple channels and by adjusting andimproving the domestic investment mix. Industrialization,urbanization and agricultural modernization will be promotedsimultaneously so that economic growth will be driven by thecombined forces of consumption, investment and export instead ofinvestment and export only. China's economic growth will be drivenby the combined forces of the primary, secondary and tertiarysectors instead of the secondary sector only. It will also bedriven by progress in R&D, better quality of thelabor force and managerial innovation instead of increase ofmaterial and resource consumption. Moreover, we are carrying outstrategies of accelerating development through developing scienceand technology, and fostering people with capabilities to buildChina into a country of innovation. We should be open to new ideasand be innovative in improving institutions, draw on the advancedtechnologies and managerial expertise of other countries, andimprove the sustainability and efficiency of economicgrowth.

We will make more efforts toremove bottlenecks in resources and the environment that impededevelopment. We will adopt a green and low-carbon developmentapproach with emphasis on energy-saving and emission reduction, andaccelerate the forming of energy-saving and eco-friendly modes ofproduction and consumption. We will build a circular economy,improve environmental quality, build safe, stable, efficient, cleanand modern energy industries, enhance resources supply, promoteharmonious development between man and nature, and strike a balanceamong economic development, population, resources and theenvironment. We will explore a new path towards industriali-zationbased on science and technology, with high economic returns, lowconsumption of resources, less pollution, and full utilization ofhuman resources. The all-round, coordinated and sustainable growthof China's economy will create great space for the growth of theworld economy.

― Further exploiting China'sdomestic resources and its mar-ket strengths

With abundant human and materialresources and a fairly complete industrial system, China willmainly rely on itself in pursuing sustainable development. It isestimated that by 2015 the number of skilled personnel will reach156 million in China, 15% of the workforce will have receivedhigher education, and the rate of contribution to economic growthby skilled people will reach 32%. This will ensure ample supply ofquality labor force to sustain China's economic development. Chinaranks among the first in the world in terms of deposits of mineralresources and farmland and is basically self sufficient in grainsupply. Although China's per capita share of resources is low, wecan minimize dependence on resources by China's economic and socialdevelopment by giving full play to market's role of resourcesallocation and progress in R&D. China will fullytap the strengths of its industries of raw material, equipmentmanufacturing and consumer goods production to meet the consumptiondemands of the Chinese people and provide more quality goods andservices to the international market.

The size of China's population andits total economic output mean a huge potential of domestic demand.With the continuous increase of per capita income, steady growth ofdomestic investment, and further progress in implementing thestrategy for regional development, China will see the emergence ofgrowth engines and its market will further expand. In the comingfive years, China's consumption structure will be further upgraded,and the potential of individual consumption will be furtherreleased. The size of China's domestic market will be one of thebiggest in the world, and the accumulated import volume is expectedto reach US$8 trillion. All this will create more businessopportunities to other countries.

― Accelerating the building of aharmonious society

China will accelerate the buildingof a harmonious society with emphasis on improving people's lives,thus strengthening the foundation of achieving social harmony. Itwill accelerate the reform of social systems, improve basic publicservices, develop new mechanisms for social management and makesuch management more efficient, and improve income distribution andthe social security system. Our goal is to ensure that all peoplehave the right to education, employment and pay, medical andold-age services and housing, so that all the people share theresponsibility of creating a harmonious society and enjoy life andthe full benefit of development in such a society.

We will strengthen the building ofsocialist democracy, advance the political structural reformactively and steadily, develop socialist democracy and turn Chinainto a socialist country under the rule of law and ensure that thepeople control their own destiny. We will continue to conductdemocratic election, decision-making, governance and supervision inaccordance with the law, uphold people's right to have access toinformation, to participate in governance, to express their viewsand to supervise the government, and we will expand orderly publicparticipation in the political process. We will continue to treatall ethnic groups as equals and practice the system of regionalautonomy of ethnic minorities, protect people's freedom ofreligious belief according to law, and fully respect and upholdbasic human rights and other lawful rights and interests ofcitizens.

― Implementing the opening-upstrategy of mutual benefit

China will continue to pursue thebasic state policy of opening up to the outside world and theopening-up strategy of mutual benefit. By making full use of thefavorable conditions created by economic globalization and regionaleconomic cooperation in the course of opening-up, we will move awayfrom focusing on export and absorbing foreign investment towardsputting equal emphasis on import and export and on absorbingforeign investment and making overseas investment. We willcontinuously explore new ways of opening up and improving the openeconomic system and make the open economy work better so as topromote China's development, reform and innovation throughopening-up.

We will speed up the way ofconducting foreign trade and con-tinue to actively participate ininternational division of labor. We will move away from focusing onincreasing volume of trade only to improving the quality andefficiency of trade, and raise the overall competitiveness ofChina's foreign trade instead of relying on low cost production. Wewill make great efforts to promote service trade, increase import,and bring about basic balance of payment in international trade. Weoppose trade protectionism and handle properly frictions ininternational trade.

We will make better use of foreigninvestment by continuously improving the investment structure,diversifying ways of investment and expanding investment channels.We will also speed up the introduction of intellectual resources,talented people and new technologies, and encourage foreigninvestment in key areas and regions. We will protect the legitimaterights and interests of foreign companies in China, adopt an openattitude towards foreign capital and advanced technologies, andfoster a fair and orderly investment environment. We will continueto implement the national strategy for intellectual property rightsand enhance ability to create, apply, protect and manageintellectual property.

We will attach greater importanceto overseas investment and international cooperation. We encouragecompanies of all types to make overseas investment and engage injoint operations in an orderly way, makeR&D-related investment and undertake overseasproject contracting and provide labor services. In addition, wewill expand international cooperation in agriculture and deepenmutually beneficial cooperation with other countries in thedevelopment of energy and other resources. We will undertake morecooperation projects in host countries which improve life of thelocal people and enhance the ability for self-development of thehost countries. The Chinese companies are requested to respectlocal religions and customs, observe local laws, undertake duesocial responsibilities and obligations, and promote thedevelopment of the host countries. We will improve and develop newways of providing aid so as to make aid more effective.

We will continue to open China'sfinancial market and financial sectors in an orderly way. We willbuild a financial system that pro-vides efficient services andplaces risks under control. We will im-prove the managed, floatingexchange rate system based on market supply and demand, and makethe RMB convertible under capital account in a phased way. Thesemeasures will not only facilitate foreign trade and investmentcooperation with China, but also create better conditions formaintaining the stability of international currencies and financialmarket and promoting the sound development of economicglobalization.

― Creating a peacefulinternational environment and favora-ble externalconditions

China will continue to promotefriendly relations with the other countries on the basis of theFive Principles of Peaceful Coexistence. We will increase strategicdialogue with the developed countries to promote strategic mutualtrust, deepen mutually beneficial cooperation, handle differencesproperly, explore ways to establish and develop a new type ofrelationship among the major countries and promote long-term,steady and sound growth of China's relations with these countries.We will continue the policy of developing good-neighborly relationsand treating China's neighbors as partners and enhance friendshipand cooperation with both the neighboring countries and other Asiancountries. We will expand bilateral and regional cooperation andjointly create a regional environment of peace, stability,equality, mutual trust, cooperation and mutual benefit. We willenhance unity with other developing countries, deepen traditionalfriendship, expand mutually beneficial cooperation, sincerely helpthe other developing countries achieve independent development byproviding aid and making investment and uphold their legitimaterights and interests as well as their common interests. We willactively engage in handling multilateral issues and addressingglobal issues, undertake our due international obligations and playa constructive role in making the international political andeconomic order fairer and more equitable. We will continue to carryout exchanges and cooperation with the parliaments, parties, localauthorities and NGOs of other countries, expand people-to-peopleand cultural exchanges to enhance understanding and friendshipbetween the Chinese people and the people of othercountries.

China is committed to pursuing adefense policy which is defen-sive in nature. China has a vast landterritory and sea area, with a borderline of over 22,000 kilometersand a coastline of over 18,000 kilometers. China faces multipletraditional and non-traditional security challenges and the threatof separatists and terrorism. It is therefore necessary andjustified to modernize China's defense capabilities in order touphold China's security and protect its peaceful development. Thefundamental purpose of modernizing the Chinese armed forces is tosafeguard China's sovereignty, security, territorial integrity andinterests of national development. China's defense expenditures areappropriate and moderate, and are in keeping with the need tosafeguard its security. China will not engage in arms race with anyother country, and it does not pose a military threat to any othercountry. China follows the principle of not attacking others unlessit is attacked, and it is committed to solving internationaldisputes and hotspot issues with peaceful means. China activelycarries out international military exchanges, promotesinternational and regional security cooperation and opposesterrorism in all forms.

III. China's ForeignPolicies for Pursuing Peaceful Development

As a member of the internationalcommunity, China has great hope for the future world, and adoptsthe following thinking on international relations and foreignpolicies that conform to peaceful development.

― Promoting the building of aharmonious world

China's foreign policy aims touphold world peace and promote common development. China advocatesthe building of a harmonious world of durable peace and commonprosperity and works with other countries in pursuing this goal. ToChina, it is both a long-term objective and a current task. Tobuild a harmonious world, we should make the followingefforts:

Politically, countries shouldrespect each other and treat each other as equals, and worktogether to promote democracy in international relations. All thecountries in the world, whether big or small, strong or weak, richor poor, are equal members of the international community andshould receive due respect of the international community.Countries should also safeguard the UN's core role in handlingglobal affairs, adhere to the purposes and principles of the UNCharter, abide by international law and the generally-acceptedprinciples governing international relations, and promotedemocracy, harmony, coordination and win-win spirit ininternational relations. The internal affairs of a country shouldbe decided by its own people, international affairs should bedecided by all countries through consultation on an equal footing,and every country's right to equally participate in internationalaffairs should be respected and upheld.

Economically, countries shouldcooperate with each other, draw on each other's strengths and makeeconomic globalization a balanced and win-win process that benefitsall countries. Countries should also seek to establish aninternational multilateral trading system that is fair, open,equitable and nondiscriminatory so that the benefit of economicglobalization will cover all countries. All countries should worktogether to fulfill the UN Millennium Development Goals and enableeveryone to enjoy the benefit of development in the 21stcentury.

Culturally, countries should drawon each other's strengths, seek common ground while putting asidedifferences, respect the diversity of the world, and promoteprogress in human civilization. Dialogues and exchanges amongcivilizations should be encouraged to do away with ideologicalprejudice and distrust, and make human society more harmonious andthe world more colorful.

In terms of security, countriesshould trust each other and strengthen cooperation, settleinternational disputes and conflicts peacefully rather thanresorting to war and jointly safeguard world peace and stability.Consultation and dialogue should be carried out to enhance mutualtrust, reduce differences and settle disputes. Use or threat of useof military force should be avoided.

In terms of the environment, allcountries should help each other and make concerted efforts tobetter protect our only home ― the Earth. Countries should developnew modes of development, take the path of sustainable developmentand promote the harmonious development of man and nature. We shouldfollow the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities,and enhance international cooperation in environmental protectionand in addressing climate change.

― Pursuing an independent foreignpolicy of peace

The Chinese people adhere to thesocial system and path of development chosen by themselves and willnever allow any external forces to interfere in China's internalaffairs. China promotes friendly and cooperative relations with allthe other countries on the basis of the Five Principles of PeacefulCoexistence. It does not form alliance with any other country orgroup of countries, nor does it use social system or ideology as ayardstick to determine what kind of relations it should have withother countries. China respects the right of the people of othercountries to independently choose their own social system and pathof development, and does not interfere in other countries' internalaffairs. It is opposed to the practices of the big bullying thesmall and the strong oppressing the weak, and to hegemonism andpower politics. China calls for settling disputes and conflictsthrough talks and consultation and by seeking common ground whileputting aside differences. It does not impose its own will uponothers and acts in the fundamental interests of the Chinese peopleand the common interests of all peoples throughout the world. Chinabases its decision on a particular issue according to its merits.Upholding justice, China plays an active and constructive role ininternational affairs.

China is firm in upholding itscore interests which include the following: state sovereignty,national security, territorial integrity and nationalreunification, China's political system established by theConstitution and overall social stability, and the basic safeguardsfor ensuring sustainable economic and socialdevelopment.

China fully respects othercountries' legitimate rights to protect their interests. Whiledeveloping itself, it fully accommodates other countries'legitimate concerns and interests and never makes gains at others'expense or shifts its own troubles onto others.

China aligns its own interestswith the common interests of the people of the world and seeks toexpand common interests of all the parties. It works to establishand expand community of common interests in various fields and atvarious levels with other countries and regions. China is committedto promoting the common interests of all humanity and bringing thebenefit of human civilization to everyone.

― Promoting new thinking onsecurity featuring mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality andcoordination

China advocates a new thinking onsecurity featuring mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality andcoordination, and pursues comprehensive security, common securityand cooperative security.

In terms of comprehensivesecurity, the security issue has new dimensions as traditional andnon-traditional security threats have become intertwined under thenew historical conditions. The international community shouldappreciate the need of ensuring comprehensive security and adoptcomprehensive measures to address security threats and their rootcauses and countries around the world should work together to meetvarious challenges to security.

Regarding common security, allcountries share a common stake in the era of economicglobalization. The international community should heightenawareness of common security. Countries should safeguard their ownsecurity while respecting others' security concerns. They shouldabandon the Cold War mentality and confrontation between differentalliances, uphold common security through multilateral cooperationand work together to prevent conflicts and wars. It is important togive full play to the UN's role in maintaining world peace andsecurity and establish a fair and effective mechanism for upholdingcommon security.

With regards to cooperativesecurity, war and confrontation will only lead to a vicious cycleof violence begetting violence, while di-alogue and negotiation arethe only effective and reliable way to settle disputes. Countriesshould seek peace, safeguard security, settle disputes and promoteharmony through cooperation, and oppose the use or threat of use ofmilitary force against one another.

― Actively living up tointernational responsibility

For China, the most populousdeveloping country, to run itself well is the most importantfulfillment of its international responsibility. As a responsiblemember of the international community, China abides byinternational law and the generally recognized principles governinginternational relations, and eagerly fulfills its internationalresponsibility. China has actively participated in reforminginternational systems, formulating international rules andaddressing global issues. It supports the development of otherdeveloping countries, and works to safeguard world peace andstability. As countries vary in national conditions and are indifferent stages of development, they should match responsibilitywith rights in accordance with their national strength. They shouldplay a constructive role by fulfilling their due interna-tionalresponsibility in accordance with their own capability and on thebasis of aligning their own interests with the common interests ofmankind. For its part, China will assume more internationalresponsibility as its comprehensive strength increases.

― Promoting regional cooperationand good-neighborly relations

China actively enhances friendlycooperation with its neighbors and works with them to promote aharmonious Asia. China calls on countries in the region to respecteach other, increase mutual trust, seek common ground while puttingaside differences, safeguard re-gional peace and stability, andsettle disputes including those over territorial claims andmaritime rights and interests through dialogue and friendlynegotiation. Countries should increase trade and mutuallybeneficial cooperation, promote regional economic integration,improve the current regional and sub-regional cooperativemechanisms, be open-minded to other proposals for regionalcooperation, and welcome countries outside the region to play aconstructive role in promoting regional peace and development.China does not seek regional hegemony or sphere of influence, nordoes it want to exclude any country from participating in regionalcooperation. China's prosperity, development and long-termstability represent an opportunity rather than a threat to itsneighbors. China will uphold the Asian spirit of standing on itsown feet, being bold in opening new ground, being open andinclusive and sharing weal and woe. It will remain a good neighbor,friend and partner of other Asian countries.

IV. China's Path ofPeaceful Development Is a Choice Necessitated byHistory

Taking the path of peacefuldevelopment is a strategic choice made by the Chinese governmentand people in keeping with the fine tradition of Chinese culture,the development trend of the times and the fundamental interests ofChina, and it is also a choice which China's development callsfor.

― Peaceful development carriesforward the Chinese histori-cal and cultural tradition.

The world has been believed to bea harmonious whole in the Chinese culture ever since the ancienttimes. This belief has a lasting impact on the thinking and acts ofthe Chinese nation, which is an important value that the Chinesepeople follow in handling interpersonal relationships, therelationship between man and nature and relations between differentcountries.

The Chinese people have alwayscherished a world view of "unity without uniformity," "harmonybetween man and nature," and "harmony is invaluable." This beliefcalls for the fostering of harmonious family bond, neighborhoodharmony and good interpersonal relationships. Under the influenceof the culture of harmony, peace-loving has been deeply ingrainedin the Chinese character. The world-renowned Silk Road, forexample, was a road of trade, cultural exchanges and peace, whichtestifies to the pursuit of friendship and mutually beneficialcooperation with other peoples by the ancient Chinese. The famousMing Dynasty navigator Zheng He made seven voyages to the WesternSeas, visiting over 30 countries and regions across Asia andAfrica. He took along with him the cream of the Chinese culture andtechnology as well as a message of peace and friendship.

Imbued with the belief that oneshould be as inclusive as the vast ocean which admits hundreds ofrivers, the Chinese nation has embraced all that is fine in foreigncultures. This has forged strong cultural ties, leaving behindmuch-told anecdotes about the cultural interactions between Chinaand the world. The Chinese have a strong collective consciousnessand sense of social responsibility. We believe that "you should notdo unto others what you would not have them do unto you." Werespect different cultures and views, treat others in the same wayas we expect to be treated, and do not impose our will upon others.We treat all foreign countries with courtesy, foster harmoniousties with neighbors and make friends with distantstates.

The Chinese people have inheritedthe fine tradition of Chinese culture of over 5,000 years and addedto it new dimensions of the times.

― Peaceful development isdetermined by China's basic na-tional conditions.

China has a large population yet aweak economic base. It has to feed close to 20% of the world'spopulation with 7.9% of the world's farmland and 6.5% of theworld's fresh water. What has been achieved in its social andeconomic development must meet the need of 1.3 billion people,which presents a great challenge to China. China's per capita GDPin 2010 was about US$4,400, ranking around the 100th place in theworld. Unbalanced development still exists between the urban andrural areas and among different regions; the structural problems ineconomic and social development remain acute; and economic growth,which excessively depends on resource input, is increasinglyconstrained by resource shortages and environmental problems. Allthis has made the shifting of the growth model a daunting task.China's ca-pacity for independent innovation is weak, and it is atthe low end of the value chain in both international division oflabor and trade. The standard of living of the Chinese is not high,and China's social security system is inadequate, lagging farbehind those of the developed countries.

China's modernization involves onefifth of the world's population and will be a long-term process.The scale and magnitude of the difficulties and problems involvedare unprecedented in the present world and rare in human history.China will remain a developing country for a long time to come,which means that China must dedicate itself to advancing itsmodernization drive, promoting development and improving itspeople's livelihood. This calls for maintaining a peaceful andstable international environment and conducting internationalexchanges and cooperation. China could become strong in the future.Yet peace will remain critical for its development, and China hasno reason to deviate from the path of peaceful development. China'sbasic conditions, its cultural traditions, its fundamental nationalinterests and its long-term interests ― all these factors havecreated the innate force driving China's peacefuldevelopment.

― Peaceful development is a choicethat represents the global trend.

Peace and development are the twomajor issues of today's world. Peace, development and cooperationare part of the irresistible global trend. The world today ismoving towards multipolarity and economic globalization is gainingmomentum. There is a growing call for change in the internationalsystem and the world is facing more historical challenges. To shareopportunities presented by development and jointly ward off risksis the common desire of the people of the world.

Economic globalization has becomean important trend in the evolution of international relations.Countries of different systems and different types and at variousdevelopment stages are in a state of mutual dependence, with theirinterests intertwined. This has turned the world into a communityof common destiny in which the members are closely interconnected.Another world war would be disastrous for the whole of mankind, andno one would emerge victorious in an all-out conflict between bigpowers.

Global challenges have becomemajor threats to the world. Common security issues are becomingever more severe. They include terrorism, the spread of weapons ofmass destruction, financial crises, natural disasters, climatechange, and security of energy, resources, food and public health,and the list is growing. These and other global problems have amajor impact on human survival and sustainable economic and socialdevelopment. No country can handle these issues on its own, whichshould be addressed by all countries together. If these problemsare not addressed through comprehensive and sustained internationalcooperation, world peace and development will run into hugeobstacles and could even suffer disastrous setback.

The global trend towardsmultipolarity is irresistible. The emerg-ing economies, regionalgroups and Asian and other regions are be-coming stronger, andvarious non-state actors are growing fast, which, taking advantageof economic globalization and the information age, expand theirinfluence and have become an important force in various countriesand in the international arena.

The global trend is surgingforward: those who go along with it will prosper and those who goagainst it will perish. The international community should rejectthe zero-sum game which was a product of the old internationalrelations, the dangerous cold and hot war mentality, and all thosebeaten tracks which repeatedly led mankind to confrontation andwar. It should find new perspectives from the angle of thecommunity of common destiny ― sharing weal and woe and pursuingmutually beneficial cooperation, exploring new ways to enhanceexchanges and mutual learning among different civilizations,identifying new dimensions in the common interests and values ofmankind, and looking for new ways to handle multiple challengesthrough cooperation among countries and realize inclusivedevelopment. We want peace and not war; development and notstagnation; dialogue and not confrontation; understanding and notmisunderstanding. This is the general trend of the world and thecommon aspiration of all people. It is against this historicalbackground that China has chosen the path of peacefuldevelopment.

V. What China's PeacefulDevelopment Means to the Rest of the World

The path of peaceful developmentis a new path of development which China, the biggest developingcountry in the world has em-barked upon, and its global impact willmanifest itself over time. Its success calls for both the untiringefforts of the Chinese people and understanding and support fromthe international community.

China's peaceful development hasbroken away from the tradi-tional pattern where a rising power wasbound to seek hegemony. In modern history, some rising powersestablished colonies, fought for spheres of influence, andconducted military expansion against other countries. This reachedclimax in the 20th century, when rivalry for hegemony and militaryconfrontation plunged mankind into the abyss of two devastatingworld wars. With a keen appreciation of its historical and culturaltradition of several thousand years, the nature of economicglobalization, changes in international relations and theinternational security landscape in the 21st century as well as thecommon interests and values of humanity, China has decided uponpeaceful development and mutually beneficial cooperation as afundamental way to realize its modernization, participate ininternational affairs and handle international relations. Theexperiences of the past several decades have proved that China iscorrect in embarking upon the path of peaceful development, andthere is no reason whatsoever for China to deviate from thispath.

Economic globalization andrevolution in science and technology have created historicalconditions for more countries to revitalize themselves by pursuingeconomic development and mutually beneficial cooperation, and madeit possible for more developing countries to embark on the path ofrapid development. Because of this, the size of the world economyand the potential for development are both increasing, theinternational community is better positioned to resist economic andfinancial crises, and there is stronger impetus for reforming theinternational economic system. China's peaceful developmentconforms with this global trend. China is glad to see and supportsmore and more developing countries in changing their destiny, andit is also glad to see and supports the developed countries inmaintaining prosperity and development.

In the ever-changing world oftoday, all doctrines, systems, models and paths are subject to thetest of the times and practice. As national conditions vary fromcountry to country, there is no such thing as a fixed mode ofdevelopment which claims to be the only effective one andapplicable to all. A path of development is viable only when itsuits the national conditions of a country. China's path ofdevelopment has taken shape in the Chinese environment. China isfully aware that taking the path of peaceful development is animportant and long-term process and that the current domestic andforeign environments are going through profound and complexchanges. It will thus better summarize and apply its own successfulexperience, draw on the practices of other countries, and stayalert about new problems and challenges that may arise, so as toopen up brighter prospects for peaceful devel-opment.

China cannot develop itself inisolation from the rest of the world, and global prosperity andstability cannot be maintained without China. China's achievementsare inseparable from its friendly cooperation with the outsideworld; in pursuing development, it needs further understanding andsupport from the rest of the world. We are deeply appreciative toall the countries and peoples who have shown understanding andsolicitude for and given support and help to China's development.Taking the path of peaceful development by China with its over onebillion population is a great new undertaking in the history ofhuman development, and we do not claim that what we do leavesnothing more to be desired. We welcome all friendly suggestions andwell-intentioned criticism. We sincerely hope that theinternational community will have a deeper appreciation of China'stime-honored cultural traditions, and respect its sovereignty,security, territorial integrity and social stability, which theChinese people hold dear. We hope that it will appreciate China'sneed to settle, step by step, various difficulties in developmentit faces as the largest developing country, and the aspiration ofthe Chinese people to shake off poverty and live a prosperous life.We also hope that the international community will have confidencein the Chinese people's sincerity and determination to achievepeaceful development, and support rather than obstruct China'spursuit of peaceful development.

Looking back at the past andlooking ahead to the future, we are convinced that a prosperous anddeveloping China, a democratic, harmonious and stable country underthe rule of law, will make more contribution to the world. TheChinese people will make unremitting efforts together with otherpeoples to bring about a bright future for mankind.

外交部部长助理吴海龙在第四届“蓝厅论坛”上的主旨演讲（全文）

——纪念中华人民共和国恢复在联合国合法席位40周年

（2011年9月2日）

尊敬的各位使节，

各位专家学者、各位工商界、传媒界的朋友们，

女士们、先生们：

　　本次蓝厅论坛的主题是中国与联合国，这具有特殊意义，因为今年是新中国恢复在联合国合法席位40周年。

　　在座的各位朋友可能都想知道，中国与联合国的40年走过的是怎样的一条道路？取得了哪些成果？有哪些值得总结的经验？中国对联合国的未来有哪些期待？今天我愿借此机会，同大家一道回顾历史，展望未来。

　　1971年的10月25日，第26届联合国大会以压倒性多数通过第2758号决议，决定恢复中华人民共和国在联合国的合法席位，开启了中国与联合国关系的新篇章，是一件具有划时代意义的历史事件。

　　中国恢复在联合国的合法席位，代表着各方对中国地位的确认，标志着中国对国际社会的融入，拥有世界四分之一人口的中国回归联合国，也增强了联合国的普遍性和代表性，使其成为名副其实的全球性国际组织。

　　中国恢复在联合国的合法席位后，开始积极参与联合国各领域的工作。

　　——在政治安全领域，40年来，中国全面参与联合国大会和安理会工作，推动通过协商、对话、谈判等和平手段解决争端、化解冲突，维护联合国的权威与效力。作为安理会常任理事国，中国在朝鲜核、伊朗核、利比亚、苏丹、阿富汗、缅甸、津巴布韦等一系列重大地区热点问题的处理过程中发挥了重要的建设性作用。

　　截止今年8月底，中国已向28项联合国维和行动派出军事人员、警察和民事官员1万9千余人次，共有13名中国维和人员为维护世界和平献出了宝贵生命。中国现为联合国维和行动第15大出兵国，在五个常任理事国中名列第一，目前共有2000余人在12个任务区执行任务。中国维和人员的优秀素质和出色表现受到联合国和驻地人民的赞誉，为维护世界和平与安全作出巨大贡献。

　　——在经济发展领域，40年来，中国积极支持联合国为推动南北对话、深化南南合作、促进发展援助所做的各项努力，全面参与联合国框架下有关建立国际经济新秩序、可持续发展、气侯变化、人道救援、减灾备灾等一系列问题的讨论与合作，成为解决各种全球性问题不可或缺的参与方。中国在致力于自身发展的同时，还在力所能及的范围内向发展中国家提供各种援助。到2009年底，中国政府免除了50个重债穷国和最不发达国家的256亿元人民币债务，累计对外援助金额达2562.9亿元人民币。2009年，中国对非洲国家援助占外援总额的45.7%。为应对目前的“非洲之角”饥荒，中国政府决定通过联合国及双边渠道向有关国家提供4.432亿元人民币的紧急粮食援助和粮援现汇。

　　——在人权社会领域，40年来，中国积极参与联合国大会、人权委员会、人权理事会等多边人权机构的工作，推动联合国秉持客观、公正、非选择性的方式处理人权问题。中国不仅为联合国制定国际人权文书、反对殖民主义和种族隔离制度、促进经济、社会、文化权利和发展权作出贡献，也为推动国际人权领域的建设性对话与合作、维护广大发展中国家的共同利益发挥了作用。迄今，中国已批准或加入了25项国际人权条约，并与15个国家建立了年度人权对话与交流机制。

　　40年来，中国在妇女、青年、难民、卫生、海事、民航、电信、教科文等各个社会领域同联合国开展了层次丰富、形式多样的合作。1995年，中国成功承办了第四次世界妇女大会。

　　——在军控裁军领域，40年来，中国积极参加《禁止化学武器公约》、《全面禁止核试验条约》等多边军控条约谈判，忠实履行自身义务，为推动国际军控进程发展做出切实努力。自1997年《禁止化学武器公约》生效以来，中国已接受禁止化学武器组织270余次视察。中国积极参加安理会、联大一委、日内瓦裁谈会等联合国框架内的相关军控机构及会议工作，努力推动国际社会妥善处理核裁军、防扩散、信息安全、常规军控等问题。中国通过向联合国裁军事务办公室、亚太裁军中心及联合国扫雷援助基金捐款，与其合办研讨会等多种方式，以实际行动支持联合国在军控领域发挥更大作用。

　　——在条约法律领域，40年来，中国以积极、建设性的态度参加联大六委审议，参与了《联合国海洋法公约》等重要国际条约的起草和制定过程，致力于维护发展中国家权益和国际法的公正。中国广泛参加并认真履行联合国框架下的国际公约，积极参加联合国国际法委员会等相关国际法机构的工作。目前，中国已参加300多项多边条约，对外缔结的双边条约和其他具有条约性质的文件超过20000件。

　　通过以上回顾，我们可以清楚地看出，40年来，中国对联合国事务的参与深刻反映出中国与世界关系的显著变化。40年来，中国对联合国事务的参加也是中国不断融入国际体系、积极参与经济全球化进程的生动写照。40年来，中国对联合国事务的参与既深刻地影响了中国自身的发展，也极大地丰富了联合国的理念和实践，推动了联合国的进步。

　　纵观40年中国参与联合国的历程，可以看出中国的联合国外交具有自己独特鲜明的特色。

　　（一）中国始终遵守《联合国宪章》宗旨和原则，维护国际法和国际关系准则。《联合国宪章》是当代国际法的基石，《宪章》确立的主权平等、不干涉内政、和平解决国际争端、反对使用武力和以武力相威胁等原则已成为公认的国际关系准则。维护《宪章》的宗旨和原则符合和平、发展、合作的历史潮流，符合国际关系健康发展的本质要求，符合世界各国人民的根本利益。中国在参与各项联合国活动和处理国际事务时始终高举《宪章》的旗帜，按照《宪章》的要求办事，得到了广大联合国会员国的普遍认同和赞赏。

　　（二）中国始终高举多边主义旗帜，维护联合国在国际事务中的核心地位。国际关系民主化和世界多极化是不可阻挡的历史潮流，一个强有力的联合国也将不断推动这一潮流继续向前。自成立以来，联合国作为多边机制的核心，一直是缓和国际冲突的重要渠道，应对全球性挑战和实践多边主义的最佳平台。中国始终强调联合国是最具普遍性、代表性和权威性的政府间国际组织，在国际事务中发挥着不可替代的重要作用。在国际社会面对事关战争与和平、生存与发展，公平与正义的重大问题时，中国都主张在联合国框架下开展合作，由联合国发挥主导作用。

　　（三）中国始终坚持发展中国家定位，维护广大发展中国家的共同利益。作为一个发展中国家，中国始终坚定地与发展中国家站在一起。中国是安理会常任理事国中唯一的发展中国家，始终在安理会内为发展中国家仗义执言，主持公道。中国一直呼吁安理会加大对非洲热点问题的关注，为化解非洲大陆的有关冲突投入更多资源。中国通过“77国集团加中国”的模式加强与发展中国家的协调与配合，在许多重大问题上维护了发展中国家的共同利益。

　　（四）中国始终坚持独立自主的外交政策，维护建设性、负责任的大国形象。中国奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，坚持从事情本身的是非曲直出发确定立场，在联合国内一贯伸张正义、主持公道。中国坚持言必信，行必果，努力将自身利益与国际公益相结合，树立了坚持原则、信守承诺的大国形象。从联合国维和行动到安理会调解地区热点问题，从实施联合国千年发展目标到提供人道主义救援，从人权、社会发展到条约法律建设，都有中国的声音，都有中国的作用与贡献。

　　（五）中国始终致力于推动多边机制的改革与完善，维护联合国的权威性和有效性。联合国自成立那天起就在不断地完善。恢复在联合国合法席位后，中国一直呼吁并推动联合国不断改进工作，更好地服务于广大会员国。新形势下，中国呼吁联合国要与时俱进，认真倾听各国人民的呼声与愿望，切实推动改革，以优化资源配置，加强问责机制，提高效率与效力，在世人关注的重大和紧迫的问题上发挥作用，有所建树。我们认为，作为国际多边机制的核心，联合国应该能够更加平衡地反映世界各国的立场和意见，更加平衡地处理关系到涉及各国利益的各项问题。

　　各位朋友，

　　当今世界正处于大发展、大变革、大调整时期。国际形势发生复杂、深刻变化，国际格局酝酿重大、深远调整。联合国正面临不断涌现的新问题、新挑战。西亚北非地区局势持续动荡，中东地区和平与稳定面临严峻考验，气侯变化、粮食安全、核安全、重大自然灾害等全球性问题日益突出，全球金融市场出现新的动荡。与此同时，二十国集团等多边机制应运而生，其地位和作用日益引发关注。在新形势下，联合国应该发挥什么样的作用为世人关注。中方认为，全球化的时代呼唤全球性的合作，多边主义是各国的必然选择。在此情况下，联合国作为最具普遍性、代表性和权威性的政府间国际组织，既面临前所未有的挑战，也面临前所未有的机遇，总的看，机遇大于挑战。关于联合国的未来发展，中方认为要做好以下几方面工作：

　　（一）要继续推动热点问题的和平解决。联合国安理会在维护国际和平与安全方面负有首要责任，是集体安全机制的核心。安理会要坚持《联合国宪章》的宗旨和原则，坚持用和平方式解决地区热点问题和国际争端，反对任意使用武力或以武力相威胁。在当前国际社会普遍关注的西亚北非局势问题上，安理会要努力推动局势早日走向缓和，避免流血与冲突，并在相关的战后安排上发挥主导作用。

　　（二）要继续致力于国际发展合作。受国际金融危机冲击，近年来发展中国家外部发展环境恶化，千年发展目标能否实现前景并不令人乐观，已取得的成果也面临丧失的危险。没有发展中国家的平等参与和普遍发展，就没有世界的共同繁荣。我们要把促进共同发展作为解决全球发展不平衡和实现可持续发展的重要途径。联合国应把发展作为一项主要工作来抓，完善机制，改进职能；加强同世界贸易组织、世界银行和国际货币基金组织等机构的协调和合作，为发展中国家的发展创造良好环境，提供有力支持。

　　（三）要继续促进社会发展和人权进步。当前，战乱、贫困、歧视等仍制约和影响许多国家的人民充分享受人权。联合国的人权事业应以对话与合作为主题，在联合国全体会员国协商合作的基础上，努力创造一个世界各国人民充分实现人权所需的环境，缔造一个和平、和谐、包容和可持续发展的世界。另一方面，联合国应推动各国深化在社会领域的各项合作，促进不同文明间的对话与交流，使人类更加和睦，让世界更加丰富多彩。

　　（四）要继续维护国际军控、裁军和防扩散体系的权威性和有效性。尽管目前世界总体保持和平稳定的基本态势，但国际安全威胁日益多元化，大规模杀伤性武器扩散等问题仍然困扰着国际社会。联合国已宣布2010年开始的十年是第四个“裁军十年”，它应继续在推动多边军控、裁军和防扩散进程中发挥主导作用，应按照公正、合理、全面、均衡的原则，推动实现有效裁军和军备控制，积极推进国际核裁军进程，妥善应对朝鲜、伊朗核问题、信息安全等热点问题，维护全球战略稳定。

　　（五）要继续维护国际司法正义。联合国应继续推进有关国际法律文书的谈判与缔结，促进相关国际法的实施，并为各国，特别是发展中国家将国际法律规范转化为国内法、建立健全国内司法体系提供技术和财政支持。联合国司法机构尤其是国际法院的司法活动是国家间通过和平手段解决国际争端的重要手段，应该发挥更大作用。联合国还应继续通过设立特设国际刑事法庭等方式，对最严重的国际犯罪行为进行审判，追究个人的刑事责任，实现司法正义。

　　（六）要继续推进合理、必要的改革。当今世界，全球性问题复杂、多元的特点日益突出。联合国要想保持在处理国际事务中的核心作用，在全球治理机制中的突出地位，就应该与时俱进，不断推进相关领域的改革，从整合机制、集中资源、优化力量、提高效率等方面着手，提高联合国为会员国提供服务的质量与水平。联合国特别要加大对发展问题的关注，增加在发展领域的投入，加强推动发展合作的力度，努力解决广大发展中国家最为关心的问题。

　　朋友们，

　　中国人讲：四十不惑。可以说，经过40年的交流与合作，中国对联合国的认识，从来没有象今天这样全面；中国对联合国的参与，从来没有象今天这样深入；中国对联合国的贡献，也从来没有象今天这样突出。中国对联合国的未来、对双方的合作充满信心。我坚信，随着中国自身的成长和发展，必将为联合国维护世界和平、促进共同发展、推动国际合作的崇高事业作出新的、更大的贡献！

　　谢谢大家！

On the 40thAnniversary of the Restoration of the Lawful Seat of the People'sRepublic of China in the United Nations

Keynote Address byAssistant Foreign Minister Wu Hailong at the Fourth LantingForum

2011/09/02

MFA South Building, 2September 2011

Excellencies,

Scholars andexperts,

Friends from thebusiness community and the press,

Ladies andGentlemen,

The theme of thisLanting Forum is China and the United Nations. This is of specialsignificance, because this year marks the 40th anniversary of therestoration of the lawful seat of the People's Republic of China inthe United Nations.

You may wonder whatthe past 40 years has been like for China and the United Nationsworking together, what has been achieved, what is there to learn,and what expectations China has for the future of the UnitedNations. Today, I would like to join you in reviewing the historyand looking to the future.

On 25 October 1971,the 26th Session of the United Nations General Assembly adoptedResolution 2758 with an overwhelming majority and decided torestore the lawful seat of the People's Republic of China in theUnited Nations. With this epoch-making event, a new chapter wasopened in the relationship between China and the UnitedNations.

China's return to theUnited Nations represents the recognition of China's status byparties across the world and marks its integration into theinternational community. With the return of China, a country with aquarter of the world's population, the United Nations has becomemore universal and representative, and thus become a truly globalorganization.

In the subsequent 40years, China has taken an active part in the UN's work across theboard.

In the political andsecurity field, China has been fully involved in the work of theUNGA and the Security Council. It has dedicated itself to peacefulsettlement of disputes and conflicts through promotingconsultation, dialogue and negotiation and to upholding theauthority and effectiveness of the United Nations. As a permanentmember of the Security Council, China has played an important andconstructive role in dealing with an array of major regionalhotspot issues, including the Korean nuclear issue, the Iraniannuclear issue, Libya, Sudan, Afghanistan, Myanmar andZimbabwe.

By the end of August2011, China had sent 19,000 military, police and civilian staff toserve in 28 UN peacekeeping missions. Thirteen Chinese peacekeepersgave their lives to the cause of world peace. China is now thefifteenth largest contributor of UN peacekeepers and the largestamong the five permanent members of the Security Council. As wespeak, more than 2,000 Chinese peacekeepers are honoring their dutyin 12 missions around the world. Our excellent men and women withtheir outstanding performance have won the appreciation and acclaimof the United Nations and local people and contributed enormouslyto world peace and security.

In the field ofeconomic development, China has been an active supporter of UN'sefforts in advancing North-South dialogue, deepening South-Southcooperation and promoting development assistance. China hasparticipated in discussions and cooperation on a wide range ofissues under the UN framework, such as the establishment of a newinternational economic order, sustainable development, climatechange, humanitarian rescue and relief as well as disasterreduction and preparedness. China has become an indispensable partyin resolving all kinds of global issues. While working hard todevelop itself, China has provided all kinds of assistance to otherdeveloping countries as its ability permits. By the end of 2009,the Chinese government had cancelled 25.6 billion yuan of debtsowed by 50 HIPCs and LDCs and offered an accumulated sum of 256.29billion yuan in aid. In 2009, 45.7% of China's aid for foreigncountries went to Africa. And in response to the famine plaguingthe Horn of Africa, the Chinese government decides to provide 443.2million yuan worth of emergency food assistance to the affectedcountries through the United Nations and bilateralchannels.

In human rights andthe social field, China has been actively involved in the work ofthe UNGA, the Human Rights Committee and the Human Rights Counciland other multilateral human rights institutions and has promotedin the United Nations an objective, fair and non-selective approachin dealing with human rights issues. It has not only contributed tothe UN's efforts in developing international instruments on humanrights, opposing colonialism and apartheid and promoting economic,social and cultural rights and the right to development, but alsoplayed its due role in promoting constructive internationaldialogue and cooperation on human rights and upholding commoninterests of developing countries. So far, China has ratified oracceded to 25 international human rights treaties and establishedannual dialogue and exchange mechanisms on human rights with 15countries.

In the past 40 years,China has conducted multi-tiered and diversified cooperation withthe United Nations in various social fields, including women,youth, refugees, health, maritime affairs, civil aviation,telecommunications, education, science and culture. Chinasuccessfully played host to the Fourth World Conference on Women in1995.

In the field of armscontrol and disarmament, China has actively participated in thenegotiations on multilateral arms control treaties such as theChemical Weapons Convention and the Comprehensive Nuclear Test BanTreaty. China has faithfully fulfilled its obligations and madeconcrete contribution to the international arms control process.Since the coming into force of the Chemical Weapons Convention in1997, China has received more than 270 inspections from theOrganization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. China hastaken an active part in the work of the Security Council, theGeneral Assembly First Committee, the Conference on Disarmament inGeneva and other related arms control organizations and conferencesunder the UN framework, and worked hard for appropriateinternational solutions to issues such as nuclear disarmament,non-proliferation, information security and conventional armscontrol. China has supported the United Nations in playing a stillbigger role in arms control through its concrete actions, such asmaking contributions and donotions to the UN Office of DisarmamentAffairs, the UN Regional Center for Peace and Disarmament inAsia-Pacific, and the UN Voluntary Trust Fund for Assistance inMine Action and holding seminars with some of theinstitutions.

In the field oftreaty and law, China has taken part in the discussions of theGeneral Assembly Sixth Committee in an active and constructivemanner, participated in the drafting and formulation of the UnitedNations Convention on the Law of the Sea and other importantinternational treaties, and committed itself to safeguarding therights and interests of developing countries as well as thefairness of international law. China has acceded to and earnestlyimplemented a broad range of international conventions under the UNframework, and actively participated in the work of the UNInternational Law Commission and other related international laworganizations. Currently, China accedes to more than 300multilateral treaties and has signed over 20,000 bilateral treatiesand other instruments of the nature of a treaty.

From these fields wecan see clearly that China's participation in UN affairs in thepast 40 years shows notable changes in China's relations with therest of the world. In the past 40 years, China's involvement in UNaffairs has also been a vivid example of China's continuedintegration into the international system as well as China's activeparticipation in economic globalization. China's participation inUN affairs in the past 40 years has not only exerted a deep impacton China's development, but also greatly enriched the ideas andpractices of the United Nations and promoted itsprogress.

If we take a look atChina's participation in the United Nations in the past fourdecades, we can see that China's UN diplomacy has its own uniquecharacteristics.

I. China has alwaysabided by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter andsafeguarded international law and norms governing internationalrelations. The UN Charter is the bedrock of contemporaryinternational law. Principles enshrined in the Charter such assovereign equality, non-interference in each other's internalaffairs, peaceful settlement of international disputes andopposition to the use or threat of force have become accepted normsgoverning international relations. The purposes and principles ofthe UN Charter serve the historical trend of peace, development andcooperation, the sound development of international relations andthe fundamental interests of people of all countries, and thereforemust be safeguarded. China, when taking part in UN activities andhandling international affairs, has always championed the Charterand acted as required by the Charter. This has won wide recognitionand appreciation from UN member states.

II. China has alwaysadvocated multilateralism and upheld the United Nations' centralrole in international affairs. Democratization of internationalrelations and a multi-polar world are an unstoppable historicaltrend, and a strong United Nations will continue to push forwardthis trend. Since its inception, the United Nations, as the centerof multilateral mechanisms, has always been an important avenue toalleviate international conflicts and the best platform to tackleglobal challenges and practice multilateralism. China has alwaysstressed the UN's position as the most universal, representativeand authoritative inter-governmental organization and itsirreplaceable role in international affairs. China has consistentlymaintained that, in the face of crucial issues such as war andpeace, survival and development, as well as fairness and justice,the international community should have cooperation under the UNframework and the UN should play a leading role.

III. China has alwaysviewed itself as a developing country and defended the commoninterests of developing countries. As a developing country, Chinahas always unswervingly stood by other developing countries. China,as the only developing country among the permanent members of theSecurity Council, has always upheld justice by speaking up forfellow developing countries. China has been calling on the SecurityCouncil to pay closer attention to hotspot issues in Africa andprovide more resources to help solve relevant conflicts on theAfrican continent. China, by enhancing its coordination andcooperation with other developing countries via the "Group of 77plus China" model, defended the common interests of developingcountries on many important issues.

IV. China has alwaysadhered to an independent foreign policy of peace, and it hasalways served as a constructive and responsible big country. Chinapursues an independent foreign policy of peace. We always decide onour positions on the merits of the issues involved and have stoodup for justice and fairness in the United Nations. China alwaysmatches its words with its deeds and seeks concrete results. Chinapursues its own interests only in the context of sharedinternational interests. China has thus been viewed as a bigcountry that upholds principles and honors its commitments. From UNpeace keeping missions to the Security Council's mediation ofregional hotspot issues, from implementing the UN MillenniumDevelopment Goals to providing humanitarian assistance, frompromoting human rights and social progress to the development oftreaties and laws, China has made its voices heard and its role andcontributions felt.

V. China has alwaysbeen committed to promoting reform and improvement of multilateralinstitutions to uphold the authority and effectiveness of theUnited Nations. The United Nations has continuously improved itselfsince the very first day of its founding. Since China regained itslawful seat in the United Nations, it has consistently called forand promoted the improvement of the work of the United Nations sothat the organization can better serve its member states. Under thenew circumstances, China calls on the United Nations to keep pacewith the times, heed the calls of the people of all countries, andmake substantive efforts in its reform. The United Nations shouldallocate its resources with greater efficiency, strengthen itsmechanism of accountability and enhance its efficiency andeffectiveness. On major pressing issues of global interest, theUnited Nations should have a role to play and make a difference. InChina's view, as the center of the multilateral system in theworld, the United Nations should reflect the positions and opinionsof all countries and address issues concerning national interestsin a more balanced way.

DearFriends,

The world today is ina stage of major development, major transformation and majoradjustment. The international situation is undergoing complex andprofound changes, and significant adjustments with a far-reachingimpact are in the making in the international landscape. Newproblems and new challenges facing the United Nations areincreasing. The situation in West Asia and North Africa remainsturbulent, peace and stability in the Middle East is facing severetests, and global issues like climate change, food security,nuclear security and devastating natural disasters are moresalient. Volatility has resurfaced in global financial markets. Atthe same time, it is only befitting that multilateral mechanismssuch as the G20 have emerged to meet the needs of our times. Theirstandings and roles have caught wide attention. Under the newcircumstances, people are asking what kind of role the UnitedNations should play. In China's view, an era of globalization callsfor global cooperation and makes multilateralism a must for allnations. This has brought about unprecedented challenges andopportunities to the United Nations, which is the most universal,representative and authoritative inter-governmental organization.On the whole, there are more opportunities than challenges. Chinabelieves when it comes to the future development of the UnitedNations, efforts should be made in the following areas:

First, it isimportant to continue efforts to push for peaceful solutions to hotspot issues. The UN Security Council has primary responsibility forthe maintenance of international peace and security, and stands atthe center of collective security mechanism. The Council shouldadhere to the purposes and principles of the UN Charter,consistently seek peaceful solutions to regional hotspots andinternational disputes, and oppose willful use or threat of force.On the situation of West Asia and North Africa, an issue that drawsbroad international attention, the Security Council should push foran early end to tensions, avoid bloodshed and conflicts, and play aleading role in the related post-wararrangements.

Second, it isimportant to remain committed to international cooperation ondevelopment. Due to the impact of the international financialcrisis, the external development environment for developingcountries has deteriorated in recent years, and the gains alreadymade on MDGs also stand the risk of being lost. Without equalparticipation and common development of developing countries, aworld of shared prosperity would not be possible. We need to takethe promotion of common development as an important approach toaddress global development imbalance and realize sustainabledevelopment. The United Nations should put development high on itsagenda. It should improve its mechanisms and functions and step upcoordination and cooperation with WTO, World Bank, IMF and otherinstitutions to create an enabling environment and provide strongsupport for the development of developingcountries.

Third, it isimportant to promote social development and progress of humanrights. Today people in many countries are yet to fully enjoy theirhuman rights, as they are constrained and held back by war, povertyand discrimination. The United Nations should take dialogue andcooperation as the theme of its human rights cause. On the basis ofconsultation and cooperation among all member states, it shouldwork hard to bring about a necessary environment for the fullrealization of human rights for people of all countries, and fostera world of peace, harmony, inclusiveness and sustainabledevelopment. Meanwhile, the United Nations should encouragecountries to deepen various forms of cooperation in the socialsector and promote dialogues and exchanges between differentcivilizations. This will make mankind more harmonious and the worldmore colorful.

Fourth, it isimportant to uphold the authority and efficacy of internationalregimes on arms control, disarmament and proliferation prevention.The world as a whole is now basically peaceful and stable, butinternational security threats have been increasingly diversified,and issues such as proliferation of weapons of mass destruction arestill troubling the international community. The United Nations hasdeclared the 2010s as the fourth disarmament decade. It shouldcontinue to play a leading role in pushing ahead multilateralprocesses on arms control, disarmament and proliferationprevention. It should act in a just, fair, comprehensive andbalanced way, work for effective disarmament and arms control,actively advance the international nuclear disarmament process,appropriately manage hotspot issues such as the Korean and theIranian nuclear issues and information security, and maintainglobal strategic stability.

Fifth, it isimportant to continue to uphold international judicial justice. TheUnited Nations should continue to move forward negotiations andconclusions of relevant international legal instruments, facilitateimplementation of relevant international laws, and providetechnical and fiscal support for countries, particularly developingcountries, so that they can translate international laws and normsinto domestic laws and establish and improve their domesticjudicial systems. Judicial activities of UN judicial bodies,especially the International Court of Justice, are important meansfor peaceful settlement of disputes between states, and should havea bigger role to play. The United Nations should continue to set upad hoc international criminal tribunals, among other things, to trythe most heinous international crimes and prosecute individuals fortheir criminal liabilities to realize judicialjustice.

Sixth, it isimportant to continue to advance reasonable and necessary reforms.In today's world with more and more complex and diversified globalissues, if the United Nations wants to keep its central role indealing with international affairs and prominent position in globalgovernance mechanisms, it should keep pace with the times,constantly advance reforms in relevant sectors, raise the qualityof its services for member states by consolidating institutions,concentrating resources, improving functions, and increasingefficiencies. In particular, the United Nations should pay moreattention to the development issue, increase input in andstrengthen cooperation on development, and work hard to resolvethis issue about which the developing world caresmost.

DearFriends,

The Chinese say thatone has no doubts when he turns 40. Thanks to 40 years of exchangesand cooperation, it is fair to say that China's understanding ofthe United Nations has never been more comprehensive than today;its involvement in the United Nations has never been deeper; andits contribution to the United Nations has never been greater.China has every confidence in the future of the United Nations andin its cooperation with the organization. I'm convinced that withits own growth and development, China will make new and evengreater contribution to the noble cause of the United Nations insafeguarding world peace, promoting common development andadvancing international cooperation.

Thankyou.

MFASouth Building, 2 September 2011

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