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过去式，过去时态 结构 概念： 例句： 构成 用法： 读法： 不规则变化动词表：
过去式，过去时态 结构 概念： 例句： 构成 用法： 读法： 不规则变化动词表：
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过去式，过去时态
【过去式】
1、过去发生的而现在已经结束的动作要用一般过去式来表示
2、表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态。
3、过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；过去主语所具备的能力和性格。
【过去时态】表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。
【过去时态结构】是指过去时态下的动词形式的语法构成。
过去式就是动词的变化，表示过去发生的事。一般看到ago,before, in 几几年，就是过去式。
如：work-worked
listen-listened 一般的就是直接加ed，特殊的有一些变化。
结构
【过去时态结构基本形式】
1，主语+动词过去式+其他；
2，be 动词用 was / were,
如： Where were you yesterday?
行为动词用： 主语 + 动词过去式， 如： I got up late yesterday.
否定句： 主语+ didn't + 动词原形 一般疑问句； Did + 主语 + 动词原形
3，构成 ：
⑴ be→was— ( am, is 的过去式 ) were— ( are 的过去式 )
⑵ V. →V-ed ( 动词过去式 )
概念：
表示过去的发生动作或过去存在的某种状态
例句：
A:What did you do last weekend?
B:I played football.
A:Did you read books?
B:Yes,I did.
构成
表示一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示，而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。规则动词的过去式变化如下：
（1）一般情况下，动词词尾加 ed ，如：
work—worked； play—played；want— wanted； act—acted
（2）以不发音的 e 结尾动词，动词词尾加 d，如：
live—lived； move—moved； decide—decided； decline—declined； hope—hoped；
（3）以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把y变为i 再加ed，如：
studied tried copied justified cried carried embodied emptied
（4）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加 ed，如：
stopped begged fretted dragged dropped planned dotted dripped
（5）注：不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。
go - went，make - made，get - got ，buy - bought ，come - came ，fly-flew ，is/am-was，are-were ，see-saw，bring-brought，do-did，teach-taught, think-thought, say-said,sit-sat. read-read, spend-spent, eat-ate,give-gave,tell-told,write-wrote,feel-felt,find-found,hear-heard,know-knew,
put-put,grow-grew,take-took,catch-caught,come-came,become-became,swim-swam，sweep—swept，sing—sang，draw—drew，
以上的（1）至（4）条中的发音均有改变，具体分别有/d/ /t/ /id/。
而不规则动词的过去式的发音则略有不同，但是有些还是按照一定规律变化的。如以上的：make - made，get - got ，buy - bought ，come - came ，fly-flew ，bring-brought，teach-taught, think-thought, say-said,sit-sat. read-read, spend-spent,give-gave,tell-told,write-wrote,feel-felt,find-found,hear-heard,know-knew,put-put,grow-grew,take-took,catch-caught,become-became,swim-swam，sweep—swept，sing—sang，draw—drew。
仔细看一看，能发现它们的一些变化规律，也就是说不需要死记硬背这些过去式，知道了原型和变化规律，就可以写出来了。有的变化部分读音也是有规律的。分类记忆是对学习过去式很有帮助的！
用法：
（1）
表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况，通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。 I worked in that factory last year. 去年我在那一家工厂工作。 I went to the Tian Long Mountain yesterday. 昨天我们去了天龙山。
一般过去时的用法一.概念：一般过去时是表示在过去的时间里发生的动作或状态，通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。
二．时间状语：yesterday, the day before yesterday, two days ago, long long ago,a minute ago,last year(week, month), just now, at that time, in those days.
三．过去时的用法：1．有确定的过去时间状语时要用过去式。
例：We had a good time last week.
2．表示过去连续发生的动作时，要用过去式。
例：The boy closed the door, turned off the window, and then went to bed.
3. 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作，要用过去式。
例：She often came to help me at that time.
四.一般过去式的构成形式：☆Be动词的过去式： (1)肯定句：主语+ be动词的过去式（was, were）
例：He was ill yesterday. She was nine two years ago.They were my students long long ago.
(2)否定句：主语+ be动词的过去式（was, were）+ not
例：He was not ill yesterday.She was not nine two years ago.They were not my students long long ago.
(3)一般疑问句：直接把be动词提到句首。
例：Was he ill yesterday?
肯定回答：Yes, he was.
否定回答：No, he wasn't.Was she nine two years ago? Yes, she was. / No, she wasn't.Were they your students long long ago? Yes, they were. / No, they weren't.
☆实意动词的过去式：(1)肯定句：主语+动词的过去式
例：He played football last week.She watched TV last night.
(2)否定句：主语+ did not +动词原形
例：He did not play football last week.She didn’t watch TV last night.
(3)一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形 例：Did he play football last week?
回答：Yes, he did./ No, he didn't.
Did she watch TV last night?
回答：Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t.
五．动词变过去式的几种常用规则：1．一般动词直接+ ed;
例：look--looked want--wanted listen --listened
2．以e结尾的词直接+ d;例：live--lived phone--phoned
3．以辅音字母加y结尾, 变y为i加ed;例：try--tried study--studied
4．重读闭音节结尾的，词尾只有一个辅音字母，双写词尾辅音字母+ ed;例：stop--stopped plan--planned
5.不规则动词: 动词由原形转变为过去式时不按词尾加“-ed”之变化规则者叫做不规则动词。小学常见的动词不规则过去式如：是be/is/am/are- was, 是are- were, 来come-came, 去go- went, 有have- had, 做/干do- did, 做make- made 读read- read, 放put- put, 切割cut- cut,写write- wrote, 带走take- took, 买buy- bought, 带来bring- brought,想think- thought, 看见see- saw, 说say- said, 说话speak- spoke,打破break- broke, 得到get- got, 跑run- ran, 告诉tell- told,唱sing- sang, 喝drink- drank, 吃eat- ate, 游泳swim- swam,开始begin- began, 偷steal- stole, 遇见meet- met, 卖sell- sold, 坐sit- sat,跑run-ran,读read-read,想要want-want,知道know/known，fall-fell等等
表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况，通常一般过去式带有表示动作时间状语的词，词组或从句,如 yesterday, the day before last, last week, two days ago 等,上下文清楚时可以不带时间状语。 I worked in that factory last year. 去年我在那一家工厂工作。 I went to the Tian Long Mountain yesterday. 昨天我们去了天龙山。I stayed at home,yesterday.昨天，我整日呆在家里. （2）
一般过去时态：表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。谓语动词要用一般过去式。
时间标志：yesterday（昨天）, last weekend（上周）, last month（上个月）, last year（去年）, two months ago（两个月前）, the day before yesterday（前天），in 1990 (在1990年), in those days （在那些日子里）等表示过去的时间状语。
如：
I was born in 1990. (我出生在1990年)。
When did you go to the park? （你是什么时候去的公园）。
I went to the park last weekend. （我是上周去的公园）
在上面的句子中第一句属于be动词的一般过去时态；
第二句和第三句属于实义动词go的一般过去时态。 1． Be 动词的一般过去时态
在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词， am is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were.
构成：
肯定句：主语+was (were) +表语
如：I was late yesterday. （昨天我迟到了。）
否定句：主语+was (were) +not+表语
如：We weren't late yesterday. (我们昨天没迟到)
疑问句：Was (Were) +主语+表语
如： Was you sick yesterday? （你昨天病了吗？）
肯定回答： Yes, I was. (是的，我病了。)
否定回答： No, I wasn't. (不，我没病。)
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was (were) +主语+表语
如：When were you born? 你是什么时候出生的？
awake-awoke-awoken
be(am,is,are)-was/were-been
bear-bore-born
begin-began-begun
blow-blew-blown
break-broke-broken
choose-chose-chosen
do-did-done
draw-drew-drawn
drink-drank-drunk
drive-drove-driven
eat-ate-eaten
fall-fell-fallen
fly-flew-flow
forget-forgot-forgotten
forgive-forgave-forgiven
freeze-froze-frozen
give-gave-given
get-got-gotten
go-went-gone
grow-grew-grown
hide-hid-hidden
know-knew-known
lie-lay-lain
mistake-mistook-mistaken
overeat-overate-overeaten
prove-proved-proven
ride-rode-ridden
ring-rang-rung
rise-rose-risen
see-saw-seen
shake-shook-shaken
show-showed-shown
sing-sang-sung
sink-sank-sunk
speak-spoke-spoken
steal-stole-stolen
swim-swam-swum
take-took-taken
throw-threw-thrown
wake-woke-woken
wear-wore-worn
write-wrote-written
2、AAA型
bet-bet-bet
cost-cost-cost
fit-fit-fit
hit-hit-hit
让let-let-let
put-put-put
read-read-read
set-set-set
shut-shut-shut
spit-spit-spit
spread-spread-spread
3、AAB型
beat-beat-beaten
4、ABA型
become-became-become
come-came-come
run-ran-run
5、ABB型
bring-brought-brought
build-built-built
burn-burnt-burnt
buy-bought-bought
catch-caught-caught
deal-dealt-dealt
dig-dug-dug
dream-dreamed(dreamt)-dreamed(dreamt)
feed-fed-fed
feel-felt-felt
fight-fought-fought
find-found-found
forget-forgot-forgot
get-got-got
hang(悬挂；绞死)-hung悬挂(hanged绞死)-hung(hanged)
have-had-had
hold-held-held
keep-kept-kept
lay-laid-laid
lead-led-led
learn-learned(learnt)-learned(learnt)
leave-left-left
lend-lent-lent
light-lit(lighted)-lit(lighted)
lose-lost-lost
make-made-made
mean-meant-meant
meet-met-met
pay-paid-paid
rebuild-rebuilt-rebuilt
retell-retold-retold
say-said-said
sell-sold-sold
shine-shone-shone
show-showed-showed
sit-sat-sat
sleep-slept-slept
smell-smelled(smelt)-smelled(smelt)
speed-sped(speeded)-sped(speeded)
spend-spent-spent
spit-spat-spat
stand-stood-stood
stick-stuck-stuck
sweep-swept-swept
teach-taught-taught
tell-told-told
think-tought-tought
wake-waked-waked
win-won-won
读法：
规则动词词尾加-ed有三种读音：
1. 在清辅音后读作[t]。如：asked, helped, watched, stopped
2. 在浊辅音和元音后读作[d]。如：enjoyed, studied, moved, called
3.在t / d后读作[id]。如：wanted, needed 清音t元浊d td后面读（一的）
不规则动词的过去式大体上归纳有以下六条记忆法：
1. 以t结尾的词，过去式与原形相同。如：put—put, let—let, cut—cut, beat—beat
2. 以d结尾的词，把d变成t。如:build—built, lend—lent, send—sent, spend—spent
3. 以n结尾的词，在词后加t。如：mean—meant, burn—burnt, learn—learnt
4.以ow / aw结尾的词，把ow / aw变成ew。如：blow—blew, draw—drew, know—knew, grow—grew
5.含有双写字母的词，将双写改为单写，在词尾加t。如：keep—kept, sleep—slept, feel—felt, smell—smelt
6.含有元音字母o / i的词，将o / i变成a。如：sing—sang, give—gave, sit—sat, drink—drank
但也有例外，如get的过去式是got，与第一条不符，仅仅是大多数动词符合。
不规则变化动词表：
原形 过去式 过去分词
bewas/werebeen
beginbeganbegun
bringbroughtbrought
buyboughtbought
catchcaughtcaught
comecamecome
cutcutcut
dodiddone
drawdrewdrawn
drinkdrankdrunk
drivedrovedriven
eatateeaten
feelfeltfelt
fightfoughtfought
findfoundfound
flyflewflown
getgotgot
givegavegiven
gowentgone
growgrewgrown
havehadhad
hearheardheard
knowknewknown
leaveleftleft
loselostlost
makemademade
meetmetmet
putputput
readreadread
rideroderidden
ring rangrung
riseroserisen
runranrun
saysaidsaid
seesawseen
sellsoldsold
sendsentsent
setsetset
shutshutshut
singsangsung
sitsatsat
sleepsleptslept
speakspokespoken
spendspentspent
standstoodstood
swimswamswum
sweepsweptswept
taketooktaken
teachtaughttaught
telltoldtold
thinkthoughtthought
throwthrewthrown
understandunderstoodunderstood
wearworeworn
writewrotewritten
