这里反复强调一下,英语和语文属于完全不同的语言体系,语文是词决定句子意思,英语是句子决定单词。正确把握句子意思十分关键。英语的任何语法、句式结构都是为了突出某一语境而设立的,这是英语语法的起源和根本,当你了解了这一关键,做英语完型、阅读、单选就能事半功倍。尤其是完型填空。我们以2010全国卷的完型为例,阐述一下如何寻找划线前后的提示信息,如何利用英语的表达特性“句子决定单词”来解答完型填空。为方便起见,直接在文章中注释。
It was a busy morning,about 8:30, when an elderly gentleman in his 80scame to the hospital .I heard him saying to the nurse that he was in a hurryfor all appointment(约会)at 9:30
The nurse had him take a 36-Seat in the waiting area(休息间提示36为座位), 37-telling him itwould be(应该干什么提示37为告诉) at least 40 Minutes(时间提示38) 38before someone wouldbe able to see him (提示38为之前)I saw him 39-looking at hiswatch(提示看手表39) and decided,since I was 40not busy—mypatient didn’t 41 turn up at the appointed hour(整句提示40为不忙,约定的病人没有出现决定41), I would examine his wound .While taking care ofhis wound.I asked him if he had another doctor’sappointment . The gentleman said no and told me that he 42needed to go to thenursing home(回家里提示43和他的老婆)to eat breakfast(需要回家吃早点提示42) with(提示43和谁) his 43wife .He told me that she had been44 (前面一句提示回家,用there指代)for a while and that shehada special disease I asked if she would be 45 if he was a bitlate(迟到提示45担心). He replied that she 46不久 knew who hewas,thatshe had not been able to 47 (认出)him for five yearsnow(整句提示46为不久、47为认出). I was 48(上句因为不认识感到惊讶,或者下午对话内容也提示为惊讶) , and asked him,“And you49仍旧 goevery morning,even though(意思为即使她不知道你是谁,你仍旧每天都去提示49为) she doesn’t know who you are?”
He smiled and said.“She doesn’t know me but I know who she is” I hadto hold back
50(上文信息让作者感动,落泪) as he left.Now I 51(认识到,后文提示) that inmarriages,true love is 52 真爱接受最幸福的人们 of all that isThe happiest people don’t 53(并不一定拥有最好的东西,后文提示) have the best of everything;they just 54(根据前后文句子意思为充分利用)the best of everything they have55(生活) isn’t about how to live through thestorm,but how to dance in therain.(生活不是如何穿越暴风雨,而是如何在雨中跳舞)
36 A breath B.test C seat D break
37 A persuading B promising C understanding D telling
38 A if B before C since D after
39 A taking off B.fixing C looking at D winding
40.A very Balso C seldom D not
41 A turn up B show off C come on D go away
42 A needed B forgot C agreed D happened
43 A daughter B wife C mother D sister
44 A. late B well C around D.there
45 A lonely B worried C doubtful D hungry
46 A so far B neither C no longer D already
47 A recognize B answer C believe D expect
48 A moved B disappointed C surprised D satisfied
49 A only B.then C.thus D still
50.A curiosityB tears C words D judgment
51 A realize B suggest C hope D prove
52 A agreement B expression C acceptance D exhibition
53 A necessarily B completely C.naturally D frequently
54 A. learn B make C.favor D.try
55 A Adventure B Beauty C Trust D Life
本题所有划线部分都是依据前后文或多或少的提示信息。这是做完形题的根本方法,但是如何寻找这些信息,是一个较为头疼的问题。但是一旦给你指明了方向,却也能短时间内掌握这种方法。我们可以从文中时间词、地点词、物主代词、人称代词、事件、动作、转折词、关联词方面下手。词义辨析、纯语法的试题较少,因此大家不必担心。希望在复习的过程中大家把重点放在寻找提示信息上。
其实作为完形填空题,高考命题的立意是考查同学们对篇章整体意思的理解,以及对句子独立分割与关联性的整体应用。旨在要求同学们掌握用文章拆分句子、用句子判断单词的能力,本质还是阅读、理解。如果通过语法角度进行复习,无疑是南辕北辙。只有充分的从句子角度相互印证划线部分所填单词,才是最简单直观的复习方法。离高考还剩下40多天,我们要掌握的就是这种一针见血,针对应试角度出发的解题技巧,而不再是重复知识点的复习。基础知识固然重要,但若已经熟悉,就没有必要浪费时间重复复习,重点放在“如何应用上”。英语的考查角度已经从单纯的考查转变为“实际应用”,故此,如何应用才是在这时间紧迫的情况下,第一时间所抓的第一要务。