爱华网定语从句详解及练习
一、什么是定语从句？
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。在定语从句中，被修饰的这一名词或代词叫做先行词。在定语从句中的引导词叫做关系词。关系词又分关系代词和关系副词。
二、关系词有哪些？
1、关系代词：which（指sth），that（指sb或sth），who（指sb作主语或宾语），whom（指sb作宾语），whose（指sb或sth，作定语）
2、关系副词：when（指时间），where（指地点），why（指原因）
三、关系代词和关系副词有何区别？
主要是它们在从句中所起的作用不同。关系代词在从句中一般作主语或宾语。而关系副词在定语从句中作状语。分清楚这一关系并在做题时想着这个原则，就不会出原则性的错误了。
四、定语从句解题步骤
1、找对先行词。
2、确定先行词在定语从句中的位置，也就是在定语从句中担任何成份。这一点可以帮助我们划分使用关系代词还是关系副词。
eg：This is the place that/which I visited years ago.
This is the place where I lived years ago.
分析：这两句的先行词都是theplace，由于第一句中的先行词在定语从句中作visit的宾语，所以选择关系代词，如果作宾语时关系代词可省略。而第二句的先行词则在定语从句中作状语，因为live是不及物动词，因此选择关系副词where。
3、区别各关系代词的使用。
五、关系代词中的which和that如何区分？
在先行词为物情况下，一般情况两者可通用，但也有不可互换的情况。
以下几种情况只用that:
1. 先行词all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much等不定代词。
2. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much 等修饰。
3. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
4. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时。
That white flower is the only one that I really like.
This is the very book that I want to have.
The last place that we visited was the chemical works.
5. 有两个或两个以上的分别表示人和物的先行词，从句应用that,而不是其他。
He talked about the teachers and schools that he hadvisited.
6. 当主句是以who, which 开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句多用that，而不用who(whom)，which.
Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
以上通常是使用于物，人一般不受限制，但如果正式和严谨可以遵循这一原则。
六、各关系副词
when：I did remember the day when I come to No. 4 HighSchool.
where：This is the house where I lived years ago.
why：Could you please tell me the reasons why you came late toschool this morning.
七、几点说明
1、在先行词为人的情况下，遇到who和 that都有的情况，如何处理？
答：如果句中已有who的情况下为避免重复，用that。
eg：Who is the girl that is speaking to my teacher?
2、在先行词为人且在定语从句中作宾语，用who还是whom？
答：一般情况两者可通用，但遇到介词提前时只能用whom。
eg：He is my English teacher from whom I learned a lot.
定语从句练习
一、填空
选择正确的关系代词填入题目中的空白处。
1. This is the comrade __________ will go to the south with ustomorrow.
2. Who's the student __________ the teacher is talkingwith?
3. I like the present __________ you've sent to me.
4. The nurse __________ we talked about can speak Englishwell.
5. This is the most difficult job __________ we've everdone.
6. This is the cleverest man __________ I've ever known.
7. I bought all __________ was necessary.
8. The old gentleman __________ you met just now is a famouswriter.
9. The girl to __________ I lent my bike works in ahospital.
10. All __________ come are welcome.
11. This is the girl __________ songs you heard last night.
12. She was the brave girl __________ name is known to everybodyhere.
13. Thank you for the help __________ you've done for me.
14. This radio set __________ we have had for two years is a goodone.
15. The next question __________ I found difficult to answer wasput to me by Mary.
二、将下列句子合并成带有定语从句的复合句。
16. He is the young writer．He wrote the book．
17．Do you know the doctor?
He comes here once a month and examines the workers．
18．The foreign guest is Mr．Green．
You saw him at the school gate．
19．He is the new head．
I was talking about him this morning．
20．I've received the book．
Father sent it to me．
21．The factory has got one success after another．
We visited the factory last week．
22．What's the name of the girl?
Her grandpa took part in the Long March．
23．The man looks like the actor．
I've heard his songs on TV．
24．This letter is from my elder brother．
He serves in the army．
25．Do you see the bridge?
It was built last year．
26．The old man is a professor．
He teaches chemistry in a college．
27．We visited the singer yesterday．
Her performances we all like very much．
28．The old worker is still working hard with us．
His hair has turned grey．
29．The bike was not good．
You wanted to buy it．
30．The medicine didn't help me．
Dr．Chang had given it．
31．The exercise is wrong．
We did it last night．
32．The woman is here now．
You were talking about her．
33．The bus was the wrong one．
Xiao Li was running after it．
34．The wallet has been found．
Mr．Hopkins was looking for it．
35．The recorder has been stolen．
We spent all our money on it．
答案
1. who/that 2. that 3. that/which 4. whom/that 5.that
6. that 7. that 8. whom/that 9. whom 10. that
11. whose 12. whose 13. which/that 14. which/that 15.that
16. He is the young writer who wrote the book.
17. Do you know the doctor who comes here once a month andexamines the workers?
18. The foreign guest whom you saw at the school gate is Mr.Green.
19. He is the new head whom I was talking about thismorning.
20. I've received the book which father sent to me.
21. The factory which we visited last week has got one successafter another.
22. What is the name of the girl whose grandpa took part in theLong March?
23. The man looks like the actor whose songs I've heard onTV.
24. This letter is from my elder brother who serves in thearmy.
25. Do you see the bridge which was built last year?
26. The old man who teaches chemistry in a college is aprofessor.
27. We visited the singer yesterday whose performances we alllike very much.
28. The old worker whose hair has turned grey is still workinghard with us.
29. The bike which you wanted to buy was not good.
30. The medicine which Dr. Chang had given didn't help me.
31. The exercise which we did last night is wrong.
32. The woman whom you were talking about is here now.
33. The bus which Xiao Li was running after was the wrongone.
34. The wallet which Mr. Hopkins was looking for has beenfound.
35. The recorder on which we spent all our money has beenstolen.
从A、B、C、D中选出可以填入空白处的正确答案。
1. Those _____ not only from books but also through practicewill succeed.
A. learn B. who C. that D. who learn
2. Anyone _____ this opinion may speak out.
A. that againsts B. that against
C. who is against D. who are against
3. Mr. Smith is one of the foreign experts who _____ inChina.
A. works B. is working
C. are working D. has been working
4. Didn’t you see the man _____?
A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now
C. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now
5. Have you seen the girl _____?
A. that I told B. I told you of
C. whom I told you D. I told you of him
6. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _____ shecould turn for help.
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
7. Can you lend me the novel _____ the other day?
A. that you talked B. you talked about it
C. which you talked with D. you talked about
8. The matter _____ you were arguing about last night has beensettled.
A. that B. what C. why D. for which
9. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _____they remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. who D. whom
10. Who _____ has common sense will do such a thing?
A. which B. who C. whom D. that
11. All the apples _____ fell down were eaten by the pigs.
A. that B. those C. which D. what
12. I’ll tell you _____ he told me last week.
A. all which B. what all C. that all D. all
13. This is the biggest laboratory _____ we have ever built inour school.
A. which B. what C. where D. /
14. Is oxygen the only gas _____ helps fire burn?
A. that B. / C. which D. it
15. Is there anything _____ to you?
A. that is belonged B. that belongs
C. that belong D. which belongs
16. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone _____ family waspoor.
A. that B. which C. who’s D. whose
17. Please pass me the dictionary _____ cover is black.
A. which B. which of C. its D. whose
18. He is the only one of the boys who _____ the pianowell.
A. plays B. play C. playing D. are playing
19. He asked me _____ I needed.
A. that B. which C. what D. /
20. That scientist _____ work is successful has been made amodel worker.
A. which B. who C. who’s D. whose
21. Is this the museum _____ you visited the other day?
A. that B. where C. in which D. the one
22. Is this museum _____ some German friends visited lastWednesday?
A. that B. where C. in which D. the one
23. —How do you like the book?
—It’s quite different from _____ I read last month.
A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what
24. The train _____ she was traveling was late.
A. which B. where C. on which D. in that
25. Antarctic _____ we know very little is covered with thickice all the year round.
A. which B. where C. that D. about which
26. It’s the third time _____ late this month.
A. that you arrived B. when you arrived
C. that you’ve arrived D. when you’ve arrived
27. He often helps the students _____ he thinks are not quickat their studies.
A. whom B. who C. when D. because
28. I have bought the same dress _____ she is wearing.
A. as B. that C. which D. than
29. He is not _____ a fool _____.
A. such；as he is looked B. such；as he looks
C. as；as he is looked D. so；as he looks
30. I will hire the man _____ they say is a good Englishspeaker.
A. who B. what C. which D. whom
31. My father has made me _____ I am.
A. who B. which C. what D. that
32. He is my son, _____ a better son does not exist.
A. but B. than who C. against whom D. than whom
33. Wrestling is a sport _____ you try to get the other persondown on the floor.
A. that B. where C. which D. in which
34. It was in the lab _____ was taken charge of by Prof.Harris _____ they did the experiment.
A. which；that B. that；where C. whom；that D.which；where
35. Your shoes are _____.
A. where they were B. the place you put
C. in the corner that you put D. there where they are
答案及解析：
1. 选D。先行词是those, 在从句中作主语，不能省略关系代词，谓语动词用复数形式。
2. 选C。against是介词，要与be动词连用；先行词是anyone, 谓语动词用单数形式。
3. 选C。先行词是foreign experts, 谓语动词用复数形式。
4. 选D。nod to表示“向某人点头”；定语从句的关系代词为whom或that, 在从句中作介词宾语，可以省略。
5. 选B。tell sb. of sth表示“告诉某人某事”，定语从句的关系代词为whom或that,在从句中作介词宾语，可以省略。
6. 选D。turn to sb. forhelp表示“向某人求助”。关系代词在从句中作介词宾语。介词提到whom之前。
7. 选D。定语从句的关系代词为which或that, 在从句中作介词about的宾语，可以省略。
8. 选A。先行词是物，关系代词在从句中作宾语。
9. 选B。当先行词中既有人又有物时，定语从句用that引导。
10. 选D。当定语从句的主句是who的疑问句时，定语从句用that引导。
11. 选A。定语从句的先行词为不定代词时，定语从句用that引导。
12. 选D。定语从句的先行词为不定代词时，定语从句用that引导；关系代词在从句中作宾语。可以省略。
13. 选D。当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句用that引导；关系代词在从句中作宾语，可以省略。
14. 选A。当先行词被the only修饰时，定语从句用that引导；关系代词在从句中作主语，不可以省略。
15. 选B。定语从句的先行词为不定代词时，定语从句用that引导；belong是不及物动词，不能用被动语态。
16. 选D。先行词是人，关系代词在从句中作定语，修饰family.
17. 选D。先行词是物，关系代词在从句中作定语，修饰cover.
18. 选A。先行词是the only one of the boys, 因此谓语动词用单数形式。
19. 选C。主句中并没有先行词，本句为宾语从句。
20. 选D。先行词是人，关系代词在从句中作定语，修饰work.
21. 选A。先行词是museum, 关系代词在从句中作宾语。
22. 选D。把主句变成陈述句后可以看出主句中并没有先行词；加上一个theone作为先行词；关系代词在从句中作宾语，可以省略。
23. 选C。主句中缺少先行词，加上一个the one作为先行词；关系代词在从句中作宾语，可以省略。
24. 选C。关系代词作介词宾语，介词可以提前。
25. 选D。know about表示“知道……的情况”，关系代词作介词宾语，介词提到关系代词之前。
26. 选C。当先行词被序数词修饰时，定语从句用that引导；It is the first/second/thirdtime that后面的从句要用现在完成时。
27. 选B。he thinks是插入语，who在从句中作主语。
28. 选A。当先行词被the same修饰时，定语从句用as引导。
29. 选B。当先行词被such修饰时，定语从句用as引导；look是系动词，不能用在被动语态中。
30. 选A。they say是插入语，who在从句中作主语。
31. 选C。主句中并没有先行词，本句为宾语从句。
32. 选C。against是介词，表示“与……对比”，提到了关系代词之前；than是连词，不能提前。
33. 选D。关系代词作介词in的宾语，介词可以提前。
34. 选A。本句是一个强调句，强调用which引导的定语从句。
35. 选A。there是副词，不能作为先行词，因此本句是一个表语从句。
定语从句综合练习（二）
一、单项填空
从A、B、C、D中选出可以填入空白处的正确答案。
1. This is the only one of the students _____ the truth.
A. that knows B. that know C. who know D. whichknows
2. Do you know the girl _____?
A. whom he often talk to B. to who he often talks
C. to that he often talks D. he often talks to
3. The world _____ we live is made up of matter.
A. on which B. of which C. at which D. in which
4. There are no children _____ love their parents.
A. that do not B. who does not C. that D. who
5. I’m one of the boys _____ never late for school.
A. that is B. who are C. who am D. who is
6. Abraham Lincoln, _____ led the United States _____ theseyears, was _____ of the greatest presidents.
A. he；for；a B. whom；in；one
C. who；at；one D. who；through；one
7. Who is the girl _____ wearing a red dress?
A. whose B. that C. whom D. that’s
8. The old man _____ yesterday is a scientist.
A. I spoke B. I spoke to
C. whom I spoke D. that I spoke to him
9. The young man _____ is an engineer of our factory.
A. that you just talked B. whom you just talked to
C. which you just talked to D. who you just talked
10. The dictionary _____ is sold out in the bookshop.
A. you need B. what you need
C. which you need it D. that you need it
11. Is this the shop _____ sells children’s clothing?
A. which B. where C. in which D. what
12. Qingdao is the most satisfactory place _____ we’re goingto visit.
A. which B. where C. that D. in which
13. The magazine _____ Betty paid one dollar was verygood.
A. that B. which C. for which D. to which
14. The two things _____ they felt very proud were Jim’s goldwatch and Della’s hair.
A. about which B. of which C. in which D. for which
15. He was the man _____ Master of Game was translated.
A. by whom B. by who C. by whose D. by him
16. This is the factory _____ we visited last week.
A. which B. where C. who D. in which
17. Is this school _____ we are going to visit tomorrow?
A. which B. that C. where D. the one
18. Ahead of me I saw a woman _____ I thought was my aunt.
A. who B. whom C. of whom D. whose
19. This is the key _____.
A. which you are looking for B. for which you arelooking
C. for that you are looking D. you are looking for which
20. The woman _____ is his mother.
A. of whom he takes care B. of that he takes care
C. he takes care of D. whom he takes care
21. He reached London in 1994, _____, some time later, hebecame a famous actor.
A. when B. where C. which D. who
22. Such things _____ you described are rare now.
A. as B. who C. which D. that
23. In those days, he would go to Mr. Black and his family,_____.
A. where he was treated as part of them
B. for whom it was kind
C. with whom he had a wonderful time
D. that was the most pleasant part of his life
24. Which sentence is wrong?
A. The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put itinto my mouth.
B. Do you know the boy who jumped onto the platform?
C. Science and new technology have made it possible forfarmers to produce more food on the same amount of land.
D. People in ancient times took it for granted that the sunmoved round the earth.
25. The Second World War _____ millions of people were killedended in 1945.
A. when B. during that C. in which D. which
26. He was born in the year _____ the Anti-Japanese War brokeout.
A. which B. when C. on which D. during which
27. We are going to spend the Spring festival in Guangzhou,_____ live my grandparents and some relatives.
A. which B. that C. who D. where
28. Is that the reason _____ you are in favor of theproposal?
A. which B. what C. why D. for that
29. Some of the roads were flooded, _____ made our journeymore difficult.
A. which B. it C. what D. that
30. He must be from Africa, _____ can be seen from hisskin.
A. that B. as C. who D. what
31. Mr. Wu, _____ everybody likes, is going to give us a talkon chemistry.
A. whom B. that C. which D. /
32. The general at last got a chance to visit the village_____ he used to fight, _____ he had been dreaming of foryears.
A. that； which B. where； that
C. in which； what D. where； which
33. He has to work on Sundays, _____ he does not like.
A. and which B. which C. and when D. when
34. Is there a restaurant around _____ I can have something toeat?
A. when B. that C. where D. which
35. As many members _____ were present agreed to the plan.
A. who B. that C. which D. as
答案及解析：
1. 选A。the only one of the students是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。
2. 选D。关系代词为whom或者that, 在从句中作介词宾语，可以省略。
3. 选D。介词in与live搭配，提到关系代词之前。
4. 选A。children是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复数。
5. 选B。boys是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复数。
6. 选D。who引导非限制性定语从句；through表示“经过”。
7. 选D。that’s是定语从句的主语和谓语动词。
8. 选B。关系代词为whom或者that, 在从句中作介词to的宾语，可以省略。
9. 选B。关系代词作介词宾语，介词不可省略。
10. 选A。关系代词为that或者which, 在从句中作宾语，可以省略。
11. 选A。先行词是shop, 关系代词在从句中作主语。
12. 选C。当先行词被形容词最高级修饰的时候，定语从句用that引导。
13. 选C。介词for与paid搭配，提到关系代词之前。
14. 选B。介词of与felt proud搭配，提到关系代词之前。
15. 选A。介词by与translated搭配，提到关系代词whom之前，不能提到who之前。
16. 选A。先行词是factory, 关系代词在从句中作宾语。
17. 选D。把主句变成陈述句后可以看出主句中并没有先行词；加上一个theone作为先行词；关系代词在从句中作宾语，可以省略。
18. 选A。I thought是插入语，who在从句中作主语。
19. 选A。look for是动词短语，因此介词不能提前。
20. 选C。take care of是动词短语，因此介词不能提前，可以省略关系代词。
21. 选B。先行词是London, 并不是时间，因此用where引导定语从句。
22. 选A。当先行词被such修饰的时候，要用as引导定语从句。
23. 选C。Mr. Black and his family看作是人，应该用whom引导定语从句。
24. 选A。it多余，省略掉的关系代词which在从句中作put的宾语。
25. 选C。the Second War应该看作事件而不是时间，因此要用which引导定语从句。
26. 选B。year作先行词，从句用when引导。
27. 选D。先行词是地点，where在从句中作状语，为倒装语序。
28. 选C。reason作先行词，从句用why引导。
29. 选A。非限制性定语从句用which引导。
30. 选B。as引导的非限制性定语从句表示“正如……”。
31. 选A。whom引导的非限制性定语从句，whom在句中作宾语。
32. 选D。第一个定语从句中where作状语；第二个非限制性定语从句中which作dream of的宾语。
33. 选B。先行词是前面整个一句话。
34. 选C。around是副词，并不是介词提前；先行词是地点，用where引导从句。
35. 选D。当先行词被as修饰的时候，要用as引导定语从句。
