爱华网【英语词汇】
waste、litter、garbage、
trash、rubbish、junk
佳中
这组词都可表示“废物”、“垃圾”、“废料”的意思。
waste普通用词，指废物的总称，泛指抛弃不要的东西。可用单数和复数形式表示。
1）One of the big headachesof the cities is how to dispose of garbage,industrial
waste and sewage.
城市最头痛的问题之一是如何处理垃圾、工业废物和污水。
2）They havedeveloped a new method to reclaim wool fibers from textilewastes.
他们已经研发了一种从纺织废料收回羊毛纤维的新方法。
3）Up to 10 milliontonnes of toxic wastes are produced every year in theUK.
英国每年会产生多达1,000万吨的有毒废弃物。
4）The unproperdisposal of wastes has led to the destruction of waterfowl,
shellfishand fishing resources.
船舶废物处理不当已造成水禽类、贝壳类动物及渔业资源的破坏。
litter多指乱扔的“垃圾”，尤指散落于地，有碍观瞻的废物。
1）Don’t leave litter about in publicplaces.
不要在公共场所到处乱扔垃圾。
2）Thelitter everywhere in some holiday resorts reallymakes tourists feel
disgusted.
有些度假胜地到处都是垃圾，真的让游客感到恶心。
3）We saw some dustmen clearing a beach andwoodland of litter.
我们看到一些清洁工正在清理海滩和林地的垃圾。
●litter 用作动词，表示“乱扔垃圾”。
1）Don't litter scraps of paper and fruit peelseverywhere in the park.
不要在公园里随地乱丢纸屑和果皮。
2）Selfish picnickerslitter the beach with food wrappers.
自私的野餐者乱扔包装纸使海滩杂乱不堪。
3）Some large citiesare anything but beautiful; their streets are litteredwith
trash.
有些大城市一点也不漂亮，街道上到处都是乱扔的垃圾。
garbage“垃圾”、“废物”，美国英语中较为常用，通常指需清除的剩余物如食物、饭菜、
罐头等生活垃圾。
1）He collected the garbage from the school kitchenand took it home for his
pigs.
他从学校厨房收集剩余饭菜，带回家喂猪。
2）If all the garbagein the city is not picked up and carried away for awhole
week, it will pile up on streets.
如果城市里的垃圾一个星期不处理，就会堆满街道。
3）Fume produced bygarbage incineration contains some harmful materials suchas
smoke dust, acidic gas, dioxin, heavy metal and so on.
焚烧生活垃圾产生的烟雾中含有一些有害物质，如烟雾灰尘、酸性气体、二恶英、重金属
等。
4）Piles ofgarbage and raw sewage would create epidemics, perhapseven
recurrencesof plague.
一堆堆垃圾和未经处理的污物可能引起流行病，甚至会再发生瘟疫。
rubbish普通用词，英国英语中较为常用，指任何成堆的、破损的、用过的或无用的东西，
尤指弃掉的垃圾堆。
1）Litter baskets have been placed under the trees, butpeople still throw their
rubbish everywhere.
树下都已设置废物筐，但是人们仍到处扔垃圾。
2）Those who throwrubbish out of windows should be fined.
往窗外扔垃圾的人应该被罚款。
3）They dug a big pitto bury all the garden rubbish yesterdayafternoon.
昨天下午他们挖了一个大坑将花园里的垃圾统统埋了。
4）Families facebeing rationed to 80 bags of rubbish a year.
英国家庭面临“每年只能扔80袋垃圾”的限令。
5）No rubbishhas been collected since the dustmen went on strike last week.
自从清洁工人上周罢工以来，垃圾一直没有被清理。
●rubbish可用于比喻“废话”、“没有用的东西”。
1）Don’t trust him. What he said is allrubbish.
别信他的，他说的全是鬼话。
2）All the advertisements featuring ladies beingpummeled into shape by some sort
of machine are rubbish.
所有大肆鼓吹女士们通过使某种健身器械而迅速获得好身段的广告都是一派胡言。
3）While some peoplecall them silly rubbish, others regard them as avaluable
collectables.
有人把这些视其为垃圾，而也有人把它们视其为珍藏。
trash主要用美国英语，相当于garbage,也可泛指各种垃圾。
1）Don't throw aboutyour trash on the ground.
别将你的垃圾乱丢在地上。
2）Shesaid that she found the baby in a pile of trash in thestreet corner.
她说她是在街角的一堆垃圾中发现这个弃婴儿的
3）In this city, thepunishment for those who litter is picking up trash inthe
streets for two hours.
在这个城市，对那些乱扔垃圾的人的惩罚是在街上捡垃圾两个小时。
4）Some children pickup the trash left on the beach by the crowd of asummer
holiday.
有些孩子到海滩上去捡度暑假的人扔下的破烂。
junk可指“垃圾”，也可指损坏的、陈旧的、无价值的废弃的物品（不一定指垃圾）Junk
可用于修饰名词，如junk food (垃圾食品) 、junk email （垃圾邮件）。
1）There was a lot of junk stuck to the bottom ofthe trash barrel.
许多垃圾粘在垃圾桶的底部。
2）He threw away all the junk in the bootof the car.
他把汽车行李箱中所有废弃的旧物都扔了出去。
3）I’m trying toclear it of all the junk I have collected over theyears.
我正在清理我多年来积聚下来没有用的东西。
4）The used piano hebought yesterday is a piece of junk; it doesn’twork.
他昨天买的二手钢琴是件废物垃圾，它根本弹不了。
5）We should havemore fresh and green food and less junkfood.
我们应该吃更多的新鲜的绿色食品，少吃垃圾食品。
6）Youcan increase or decrease the junk e‑mail protection levelbased on how
much junk e‑mail you receive.
根据接收的垃圾电子邮件的多少，可以提高或降低垃圾电子邮件的保护级别。
