爱华网
CONTRACT OF EXCAVATION / TRANSPORT ON FOUNDATIONTRENCH EARTHWORK
本合同系中译英 翻译：张云军
Translated from Chinese toEnglish
by Mr. Chang Yunejune.
签署日期 Date of
发包人：（以下简称甲方）Employer : (Hereinafter referenced to as party A )
承包人：（以下简称乙方）Contractor: (Hereinafter referenced to as party B )
鉴于：甲方愿意将基坑土方开挖运输工程（下称：工程）承包给乙方施工并完成；
鉴于：乙方具备相应的施工资质，愿意承包该项工程的施工并完成；
鉴于：本工程的实际情况并根据《中华人民共和国合同法》、《中华人民共和国建筑法》及其他有关法律、法规，及遵循平等、自愿、公平和诚实信用的原则；
兹以上述各点和契约所载条款为约因，双方就本工程施工事项协商一致，订立本合同。
WHEREAS party A is ready to contract the project ofexcavation / transport offoundation trench earthwork (hereinafter referenced to asproject ) to party B for execution andcompletion;
WHEREAS party B possess the qualification of constructionand is ready to contract the project execution andcompletion.
WHEREAS physical circumstances of this project; thestipulations of LAW OF CONTRACT, LAW OF CONSTRUCTION and otherrelated laws and regulations, in addition to the principles ofequality, voluntary, fairness and honesty.
NOWTHEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the covenantsherein, terms and provisions contained, the parties hereto makemutual agreement on this project as follows:
第1条：工程概况ArticleoneProject Overview
1.1工程名称：基坑土方开挖、运输
Project Name: excavation/ transport of foundation trench earthwork
1.2工程地点： ProjectPlace
1.3工程内容： ProjectContent
+2.3m以下至垫层底以上30cm深度范围内土方挖运；桩头破除后桩头砼的挖运；土方开挖过程中地下障碍物的处理、挖运及文物的保护；挖土场地内及卸土场地临时道路铺设、维修；以及有关土方工程其他事项。
Earthwork excavation / transportation within 30cm depthfrom +2.3m to cushion the bottom above; excavation / transportationof concrete of breaking pile head; treatment,excavation/transportation of obstacles underground and protectionof cultural relics in the period of earth excavation; paving andrepairing of temporary road within excavation site and dumpingsite, and other issues related to the earthwork.
1.4工程范围：基坑土方的开挖与外运（含配合基坑维护施工单位的施工，并满足基坑维护施工单位的要求）。
Project Scale: excavation / transport of foundation trenchearthwork，including cooperation of the execution of trenchmaintenance company and meet the requirementthereof.
乙方自带挖机、泥头车、堆土机等机具挖运基坑土方。将土方运输到本项目场内甲方指定地点（含临建场地和甲方指定的其它地方堆放、回填，运距约3公里）。弃土场地要将土方推堆土高度在4米内。推土费用在土方单价内。
Excavator, dump truckand bulldozer and other machines which are used for excavation /transportation of trench earthwork will be prepared by party Bitself. Earth should be transported to the places which, within theproject site, are appointed by party A, including temporary siteand other place appointed by party A for stacking, backfill, thedistance about 3 Km. Earth pile in the waste soil site is within 4meters, for which the cost is taken into the earthwork unitprice.
1.5工程造价：Project Cost
开挖土方量按甲方测量放线的开挖范围，结合经审批的施工方案确定的开挖底标高，确定深度。挖运土方的工程量按实结算，具体根据指定开挖范围的有效面积乘以开挖深度计算。
开挖前后的标高由双方测量确定。土方挖运综合单价为：元/立方米，该单价包含挖、运并按甲方要求用机械堆放好，该单价不含税。
Quantity of earthwork excavation is subject to theexcavated scale of party A’s survey and setting line and determinethe depth thereof by combining with the approval of bottomelevation of execution schedule. Quantity of earthwork is madesettlement on actual works and the specific calculation thereof issubject to the effective area multiplied by the excavation depthwithin the designated scale. The elevation prior to and afterexcavation will be terminated jointly by parties hereto.Comprehensive unit price of earth work is Yuan/ cubic meter, which, being exclusive of taxes, include the pricesof excavation, transportation and stack using machinery under partyA’s requirement.
第2条：承包方式ArticleTwoContracting Means
本工程采取固定总价承包方式。 Fixedprice is practicable to this project.
第3条：工期 ArticleThreeProject Period
基坑土方开挖工期暂定为30天（以甲方通知开挖日期为开工日），如果因甲方原因造成工期延误的，经甲方确认后工期可顺延。如果因设计变更或其它非乙方能力所能抵御的原因，而不能按期完工或中途停工，则竣工日期应予顺延。
Project period of trench earthwork is provisionallyscheduled for 30 days which from the date of commencement by partyA’s notice, where delay of work’s period due to party A’s reasonwhich is confirmed by party A, may be duly postponed. Provided thatif failure of completion or suspension of project arising out of orrelating to alteration of design and / or other reasons beyondparty B ‘s ability to resist or overcome, the completion date shallbe duly postponed.
第4条：付款方式 ArticleFourPayment
订立合同后乙方设备进场并开始施工时，甲方支付10% 工程款 ，进度至第二层支撑底时付款至30% ，工程完工付款至50% ，余款在此后三个月内付清。
Initial payment of 10% of total cost is effected by party Aafter conclusion of this contract and party B’s equipment enteringinto site for execution, 30% of cost payment will be effected onthe progress to supporting bottom of second layer, 50% of costpayment will be effected on completion of project and the balancewill be paid off within three months thereafter.
第5条：工程变更 ArticleFiveAlteration of Project
5.1甲、乙双方应按照本工程的批文图纸进行施工，在施工中如确实需要变更设计时，甲、乙双方应按规定办理变更手续，竣工结算时，其工程造价应按实调整。
Parties hereto should carry out the execution pursuant tothe approved document and drawings of this project, where innecessary to change or alter design during construction, thealteration procedure should be processed by parties hereto and theproject cost should, at the date of completion settlement, be madeadjustment thereof.
5.2如果工程变更对工期有影响时，因甲方或设计单位责任造成的工期应顺延，如乙方责任引起的，工期不得顺延。
Provided that if work period is effected or delayed by suchalteration or the liabilities of party A or design company, workperiod should be duly postponed, however where due to party B’sliability, work period can not be postponed.
第6条：各方义务与责任 ArticleSixLiabilities and Responsibilities of Parties
6.1甲方义务：Liabilities andresponsibilities of party A
（1）积极、合理安排乙方开挖工作，确保乙方机械设备的利用率。
Active and reasonable preparation of excavation is made toensure party B’s utilization rate of machinery andequipment.
（2）乙方进场施工前，甲方须开通施工场地与公共道路的通道，将施工所需要的水、电、电讯线路接至施工现场，相关费用由乙方承担。
Party A should, prior to party B entering into the site,make the accese of site smooth to public road and connect water,electricity and telecommunication line to the site, for which therelevant expense shall be account of party B.
（3）工程开工前，对乙方进行基坑系统各方面情况的书面技术交底，并将工程地质和地下管线资料提供给乙方，将水准点、坐标控制点在承包双方以及监理单位见证下进行现场交验，并提供书面报告交乙方。
Prior to commencement of work conduct the design briefingand joint check-up of drawings of all aspects of foundation trenchto party B in addition to submission of data of engineering geologyand underground pipeline, and process the inspection of levelpoint, control points of coordinates on-site under witness ofparties hereto and project supervisor.
（4）供运泥车通行的道路所需的修路材料由甲方提供，修路所需的机械由乙方提供，机械台方由甲方现场签证。经甲、乙双方现场实测的测量数据作为结算依据。
Thebuilding materials for the road which is for mud transportingvehicle access shall be supplied by party A and the machinery forbuilding road shall be supplied by party B. The work quantity ofmachinery will be confirmed on-site by party A, the measured dataon-site by joint survey of parties hereto will be deemed as thebasis of settlement.
（5）负责基坑围护、深井降水的施工、监测和日常维护工作，若由于甲方支撑维护原因或降水不到位造成的工程施工难度增加或工期延长而增加的工程造价由甲方负责承担，并赔偿由此给乙方造成的所有损失。
Responsible for foundation trench support, the execution,supervision and daily maintenance of deep well, if, any increaseddifficulty of construction or extension of project time due to thereasons of party A’s support of trench or failure of lower water,the added cost of project shall be on account of party A, and partyA should make compensation for party B’s all loss which arisingtherefrom.
6.2乙方义务：Liabilities and responsibilities of partyB
（1）积极配合甲方的工作安排，满足整个基坑施工安全、进度、质量要求。
Conduct active cooperation with party A’s arrangement andmeet the requirements of the safety, schedule and quality of entirefoundation trench project.
（2）承担施工安全责任，发生事故所产生的费用由乙方负责，并赔偿由此给甲方造成的所有损失。
Party B should undertake the liability of safety duringconstruction, bear the expense for accident in work and makecompensation for the loss arising therefrom to party A.
（3）派测量员开挖范围的测量放线和开挖过程的坑底标高核查。
Dispatch surveyor to carry out the measure andsetting line of excavation scope in addition to the check-up ofbottom elevation during excavation.
（4）乙方负责派遣足够的人力、物力（工人、机械）参加施工作业，并按甲方的需要随时增减调配车辆和挖土机械，根据甲方分段提供的工作面挖土，满足建设方要求的工程进度。
Party B should responsible for dispatching sufficientmanpower, material resource including labor and machinery toparticipate in the construction, and as per party A’s requirementat any time increase or decrease the deployment of vehicles andmachinery to conduct excavation on the working areas which arerequired separately by party A so as to satisfy project progress ofemployer.
（5）完成土方的挖、运、弃土场地的推堆土、在基坑内配合挖出排水（土）沟、集水坑以便于集中抽水。基坑底要基本平整，如果不平，乙方需要自行出机械设备整平。
第7条：违约责任
甲、乙双方应互相配合，确保工程合同工期（105天）内完成。若工程在招标工期（120天）内完成，双方不承担违约责任。若工期超过招标工期，分析原因：除不可抗拒力（雨雪天等）及非甲、乙双方原因外，因乙方原因造成工期延误的，按延期每一日历天罚5000元，并全额赔偿由此给甲方带来的损失；因甲方原因造成乙方工期延误的，则按延期每一日历天罚5000元，并全额赔偿由此给乙方带来的损失。
第8条：质量验收标准 ArticleSixStandard of Quality Acceptance
本工程严格按照国家现行《建筑工程质量检验及评定标准》、《建筑地基与基础工程施工质量验收规范》等进行施工和验收。
Thisproject should be carried out and accepted in accordance withState’s existing STANDARD OF QUALITY INSPECTION AND EVALUATION FORCONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING, and NORM OF CONSTRUCTION QUALITYACCEPTANCE FOR FOUNDATION AND BASE ENGINEERING andothers.
7.1工程质量必须符合本工程设计图纸和有关设计规范的要求，甲方必须指派施工技术人员检查督促，以保证工程质量。
7.2所有各部分分项工程应由现场施工人员会同甲方指定人员共同验收合格，并按规定做好验收记录后，方可进行下道工序的施工。
第9条：工程协调与安全
8.1甲方应积极做好地方协调和工地安全监督工作。
8.2乙方应在甲方要求下按照施工规范做好安全管理工作，确保施工安全，否若发生一切安全责任，均由乙方负责。
8.3甲方委派，乙方委派为施工现场负责人。甲乙双方共同处理本工程的有关事宜和办理施工中的各项验收签证工作。
第10条：其他约定
10.1 本合同双方签字盖章后生效，工程竣工验收，交付签证，款项结清后失效，本合同一式份，
10.2 本合同如有未尽事宜，甲乙双方协商解决。
10.3凡因执行本合同所发生的或与本合同有关的一切争议，双方应通过友好协商解决。协商不能解决的应提交____仲裁机构，根据该仲裁组织的仲裁程序规则进行仲裁。仲裁裁决是终局的，双方都有约束力。
Alldisputes arising from the execution of, or in connection with, thiscontract shall be settled amicably through friendly negotiation. Incase no settlement can be reached through negotiation. The caseshall be then submitted to _____ (a third party), in accordancewith its arbitral rules of procedure. The decision shall beaccepted as final and binding upon both parties.
10.4本合同附件：《土方工程施工方案》
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the Parties hereto has caused thiscontract to be executed by its duly authorized representative onthe date first set forth above.
双方正式授权代表已于文首所载日期签署本合同，以资证明。
甲方（盖章）：Party A ( Seal)乙方（盖章）：Party B ( Seal)
法人代表或委托人：法人代表委托人：
Legal Representative or Deputy for Party ALegal Representative or Deputy for Party B
附件：
土方工程施工方案Construction scheme of earthwork
第一套方案：Scheme No. One
土方工程施工方案 Construction Plan forFoundation Pit
一、工程概况 General Situation of project
本工程基底标高为-4.1m、-3.9m、-3.75m。土方工程采购方已单独分包，我司需进行土方工程的基底清土、钎探、验槽及回填土工作。
Inthe project, foundation and its elevations of foundation base are-4.1m、-3.9m、-3.75m. Purchases of civilworks already subcontracted respectively. Our company needs to dosome works relating to cleaning base foundation, detecting bydrill, inspecting foundation subsoil and backfilling in theproject.
二、土方清土 Cleaning of earthwork
本工程机械挖土标高控制在基底 300mm处，余下土方改用人工清槽至基底标高，标高误差和平整度均严格按规范标准执行。挖土接近坑底时，由现场专职测量员用水平仪将水准标高引测至坑底。将水平仪置于坑底，每隔4～6m设置一标高控制点，纵横向组成标高控制网，以准确控制基坑标高。
Inthis project, excavating elevation made by machine should becontrolled in the place of 300mm of base foundation. The restearthwork should be cleaned by people until it reaches basefoundation elevation. Elevation deviation and plainness should bestrictly executed according to relevant standards. When excavatingthe soil closing to the bottom of pit, professional measurer shouldhave level elevation to be made projection measurement to bottom ofpit by using water level gauge. Water level gauge should be putinto the bottom of pit; one elevation control point should be madeevery 4 to 6m. Elevation control network will be made by transverseand longitudinal directions in order to accurately controlelevation of base foundation.
三、土方钎探及验槽 Detecting by drill and inspecting foundationsubsoil
1、土方钎探孔的排列方式根据槽宽确定，槽宽大于200cm时采用梅花型排列方式，间距1.5米，孔深2.0米。
Thearrangement pattern of probe hole of earthwork drill should bedetermined in accordance with groove width. If groove width is morethan 200cm, cinquefoil pattern should be adopted and its spacinginterval is 1.5m, hole depth is 2.0m.
2、如打钎进行不下去时，应请示工程部工长，适当移位打钎，不得不打而任意填锤击数。
Ifdrill can not continue, it is better to ask for instruction fromchief of engineering department. Drill can be shifted to anotherplace properly. You’d better drill and fill hammer blow timescasually.
3、在钎孔布置平面图上，注明过硬或过软孔号的位置，以便设计勘察人员分析处理。
Onthe plan of arranging drill hole, the number of hard or soft holesshould be marked so that designer and surveyor can analyze andhandle them.
4、钎探完毕后及时验槽，进行垫层的施工。
After detection by drill is finished, inspection offoundation subsoil should be made and cushion coat should beconstructed promptly.
四、土方回填 Earthwork backfilling
本工程土方回填部位为：基槽土回填；筏板上房心土回填。
Inthis project, the positions of earthwork backfilling includebackfilling of foundation trench soil and subsoil on the raftfoundation.
1、基槽回填土施工Construction of backfillingfoundation trench soil
（1）施工条件Constructionconditions
1）地下室防水及保护层隐蔽验收合格；
Waterproof protection of basement shouldbe qualified by acceptance of concealed work;
2）基槽内杂物、积水清理完成；
The cleaning of sundries and water infoundation trench should be finished;
3）外墙后浇带已封堵完毕。示意图如下：
Post-pouring strip on concrete exteriorwall should be plugged. The sketch is as follows:
（2）施工工艺流程Technological process ofconstruction
基坑（槽）清理→检验土质 →分层填土→夯打密实 →找平验收（环刀取样）
Cleaning foundation pit (trench) → testingsoil → filling soil inlayer → hammeringcompactly→leveling, inspecting and accepting (ringsampling)
（3）土方回填施工要点Main points of earthwork backfillingconstruction
1）压实系数0.95。Compaction coefficient is 0.95.
2）施工前进行击实试验，并根据试验结果确定最优含水率和击实遍数。
Before construction, compaction test should be made.Optimum moisture content and compacting times should be determinedin accordance with test result.
3）回填土应分层铺摊，蛙式打夯机每层需铺土厚度为200～250 mm；人工打夯处不大于200mm。每层铺摊后随之耙平。回填土每层至少夯打三遍。打夯应一夯压半夯，夯夯相连，行行相连，纵横交叉。
Backfilling soil should be spread in layer. Frog hammerneeds thickness of spreading soil is 200mm to 250mm every layer;hand hammer needs thickness of spreading soil is not more than200mm. After soil of every layer is spread, it should be rakedsmooth. Backfilling soil of every layer should be hammered at lestthree times. When hammering, one hammer should press half hammer;hammer connecting with other hammer, crisscross.
4）回填土每层填实后，应按规范规定进行环刀取样，测试回填土的干密度，达到要求后，再进行上一层的铺土。填土全部完成后，应进行表面拉线找平，高出允许偏差的地方，及时依线铲平，凡低于标准高程的地方应补土夯实。
After backfilling soil of every layer is filled, ringsampling should be done according to specification. Dry density ofbackfilling soil should be tested. Only meets the requirement,another soil can be spread on this layer. After all soil is filled,stretched wire method of aligning on the surface should be made. Ifthe place is higher than permissible error, it should be leveleddown based on wire. If the place is lower than standard height, isshould be backfilled and hammered.
第二套方案：
土方工程施工方案 Construction Plan forFoundation Pit
1、工程概况Overview ofProject
由于工程地坪板、地坪梁、承台标高不一致，且相差甚远，但承台布置密集，开挖后相互间的距离很小，故考虑每区土方先满堂大开挖至地坪梁垫层底(个别地坪梁标高或低或高于此标高的另外处理)，然后进行承台基坑、基槽（同一轴线上承台相互间距离很小）土方的开挖，开挖时大开挖与承台基坑同时进行，承台原则上按坑槽开挖，并视承台间的大小，中间能留下的土方尽量留下，以减少土方开挖与回填工作量。
Elevations of terrace slab, beam and caps are different andcap density is large, with small spacing after excavation, so eacharea is fully excavated to bottom of beam bedding course (beamswith higher or lower elevations shall be treated otherwise), thenthe cap foundation trenches are dug (spacing between caps in sameaxis is very small). Large scale excavation is done with capfoundation trench excavation. Earth between caps shall be retainedas far as possible to reduce earth works and backfillworks.
工作面按支模与排水每边50cm 左右考虑，同时放坡系数考虑为1:0.3。
50cmis left for drainage and form board at each side and the slopinggradient is 1:0.3.
所挖土方考虑采用自卸汽车（按需要配备）运输到厂区南北两端或业主指定点临时堆放。
Excavated soil is transported through dump trucks (equippedas per demand) to north and south ends of the site or the placeappointed by the proprietor.
回填土为原先所挖出的原土，回填时采用自卸汽车运输到基坑边，再采用反铲挖掘机、塔吊等将土料运送到回填部位。回填采用振动打夯机、蛙式打夯机等分层夯实，并按规范取样做环刀试验，确保压实系数λc≥0.92。挖掘机在基坑内行走必须先在承台、地坪梁上垫800mm高以上的土并加设走道板，不得直接压到承台与地坪梁。
Excavated soil is transported through dump trucks to thesides of foundation trench and backfilled through backhoeexcavators and tower cranes. Backfilled soil is compacted layer bylayer through vibrating hammers and frog hammers. Ring sampler testis carried out as per code requirements and compactioncoefficient λc≥0.92 shall be ensured. If excavator works in thefoundation trench, soil not less than 800mm shall be paved over capand terrace beam and walkway plates shall be added forprotection.
场内不修建土方车辆临时道路，采用走道板铺设临时便道。
Notemporary roads are built for soil transport vehicles and walkwayplates are used to pave temporary service roads.
如遇到明浜、暗浜等，先将浜土、浜填土清理，换填土质良好的素土分层压实，或采用砂石、砼换填。
Openand hidden creek soil, if any, shall be removed and replaced withgood plain soil and compacted layer by layer or replaced with sandor concrete.
2、土方开挖施工准备Preparations for earthwork construction
审查施工图纸、施工方案，了解开挖路线、顺序、范围、基坑标高、边坡坡度、排水措施、集水坑位置，核对轴线、标高、灰线。
Construction schemes and drawings shall be checked andstudied know excavation routes, sequence, range, elevation offoundation trench, slope gradient, drainage measures and locationsof sump holes, moreover, axes, elevations and gray lines shall bechecked.
熟悉工作区段的地形、地貌及地上、地下障碍物（地下电缆、管道等）。平整施工场地、道路，保证土方机械运行道路畅通，必要时铺设走道板临时道路。
Information about topography, ground and undergroundbarriers (cables, pipelines and so on) within working section shallbe familiar. Construction site and roads shall be leveled to ensuresmooth traffic for soil transport vehicles, if necessary, temporaryroads shall be paved using walkway plates.
做好排水准备（水泵、水带），修整地面排水沟。
Preparations shall be made for drainage and gutter shall betrimmed.
联系好挖掘机及运输车辆，组织安排好作业人员及班次，准备好铁锹、镐、安全防护用品等物资。
Excavators and transport vehicles shall be prepared andworkers and team order shall be well organized and materials likeshovel, pickax and safe guard articles shall beprepared.
测量放线及测量桩点的保护：Protectionof lines and piles:
在土方开挖之前，场内所有建筑物的定位桩，全部测量准确。明确在桩基施工阶段定位桩及控制桩是否产生移位，若有移位应会合监理、建设单位研究处理方案。
Before excavation, all gauge piles for buildings withinsite shall be accurately measured. If displacement of gauge pilesand control pegs occurs during construction of pile foundation,treatment scheme shall be made with the cooperation of supervisionunit and development unit.
对场边道路及场内的临时设施做好定位标记，以备观测。
Roads nearby site and in-site temporary facilities shall bepositioned and marked for observation.
在基坑开挖前，根据施工图纸、建筑轴线位置放出土方开挖边线，确定土方开挖流程。
Before excavation of foundation trench, sidelines forearthwork shall be drawn as per construction drawings and buildingaxes and excavation flow shall be determined.
土方的机械施工易碰压测量桩，因此，在基坑开挖前，基坑开挖范围内的所有轴线桩和水准点都引出施工活动区域以外，并设置涂刷白漆的钢筋支架予以保护。
Toprevent earth digging machines affecting piles, positions of allpile axes and reference points within excavation range areprojected to outside places and protected with steel bracketsbrushed with white paint.
所有的测量桩、水准点一经核实后，由测量员对其进行定期检查复核，以确保控制点的准确性。
After all piles and reference points are verified, theyshall be checked regularly by surveyor to ensure the accuracy ofcontrol points.
夜间施工照明的准备：Preparationsfor illumination for construction at night
基坑开挖期间，机械施工用电主要是夜间照明和机械的现场小修用电。
During excavation offoundation trench, power is mainly consumed by night illuminationand minor overhaul in the site.
所有用电均从现场配备的配电箱内接引，通过手提小电箱架空引至土方开挖区域。施工用电必须由值班电工专门负责，禁止操作工人随意移动。
Allpower is led out from the distribution box and led to area ofexcavation through portable small jack box. Power for constructionshall be charged by specially appointed electrician and workers areforbidden to move power lines discretionarily.
施工现场的夜间照明用钢管架子架高，安置若干个5KW镝灯照明。
Power lines for night illumination in construction siteshall be elevated through steel pipe stands and a number of 5KWdysprosium lamps shall be installed.
3、土方开挖Earth excavation
本工程土方开挖主要为地坪梁垫层底以上基坑大开挖、承台基坑或沟槽开挖，开挖时先边后内，先远后近，先挖上层，后挖下层，沿灰线按施工顺序开挖，并按支模与排水工作面每边50cm 、放坡系数1:0.3控制基坑尺寸与边坡。挖土接近至标高时，用水准仪跟测，严禁超挖，及时钉设基坑垫层标高点。露出的工程桩头及时撒白灰做标志，以确保挖土机不碰撞工程桩。由于部分工程桩高于设计标高、露出基坑上面，桩间采用小型挖掘机开挖，人工配合。开挖过程中，要注意随时补撒灰线，以确保基坑几何尺寸正确。每台挖土机配备清槽工4-5人，根据基坑内标高点清槽，将清槽余土抛至挖土机工作半径之内，随挖土机进度一次清至设计标高。
Earth works includes large scale excavation of foundationtrench above bottom of terrace beam bedding course and excavationof cap foundation trench. The excavation is performed from side toinside, from far to near, from top to bottom and along gray lines.50cm is left for drainage and form board at each side and thesloping gradient is 1:0.3. When digging to elevation, level is usedto survey to strictly prevent over-excavation. Elevation points ofbedding course in foundation trench shall be nailed. Exposed pileheads shall be timely marked with whitewash to prevent beingimpacted by excavators. Since some piles are higher than designedelevation and exposed out of foundation trench, small excavatorsare used to dig soil among piles, with manual operation forcooperation. Gray lines shall be supplemented during excavation toguarantee correct dimensions of foundation trench. 4-5 workersshall be assigned for each excavator for cleaning up trench. Trenchshall be cleaned up as per elevation points and the residual soilshall be thrown into range of working radius of excavator and thetrench shall be excavated to the designed elevation in singletime.
每台挖土机配备2-3台自卸汽车，运土运至厂区内规定地点或业主指定点堆放，每个弃土点配置2台PC220-7反铲挖掘机、1台推土机配合堆土，并配备专人指挥土方车辆行驶路线，确保工地安全。
2-3dump trucks are equipped for each excavator for transporting soilto appointed points within site or points appointed by theproprietor. Two PC220-7backhoe excavators and one bulldozer areprovided to pile up soil at each point and special persons areappointed to direct traffic to ensure security.
人工清底完成后，办理完验槽和隐蔽验收手续后，抓紧垫层的施工。
After trench bottom is cleaned up and procedures forinspecting trench and concealed works are finished, construction ofbedding course shall be speeded up.
土方开挖注意事项Matters need attention
开挖过程中要及时修正、修平边坡，随时注意观察土方边坡坡度的变化，发现异常情况应立即停止施工并及时上报，以便采取措施加强坑边稳定。
Slope shall be timely trimmed during excavation andgradient shall be regularly observed, if there is any abnormalsituation, construction shall be stopped and the situation shall bereported to superior department for taking measures to reinforcethe slope to improve its stability.
地基土层缺陷的处理：开挖过程中要注意观察地基土质是否符合设计要求，如承台、电梯基坑下挖到暗浜或挖不到老土，须将淤泥、虚土等全部挖尽，用砼回填或级配砂石回填。
Treatment of settlement of foundation soil: soil shall beregularly observed to see whether it meets design requirementsduring excavation. If hidden creek exists under cap or elevatorfoundation or there is no old soil, silt and disturbed soil shallbe completely dug out and backfilled with concrete or graded sandand stone.
基坑开挖地面及坑内应设排水措施，及时排除雨水、周围的地表水。
Drainage facilities shall be provided to drain rain waterand surface water from foundation trench.
加快基础施工步伐，缩短施工周期，尽量缩短暴露时间，防止土体产生严重回弹现象。
Construction of foundation shall be speeded up to shortenconstruction period and exposure time to prevent soilrebound.
土方开挖接近基坑底标高时，应放慢挖土速度，不让挖土机械碰撞工程桩，并防止坑底土扰动。
Excavation speed shall be slowed down when digging toelevation of trench bottom to prevent machines from touching pilesand disturbance of bottom soil.
开挖土方时应有足够的照明，电工应日夜值班。
Enough lights shall be provided during excavation andelectricians shall be on duty day and night.
4、土方开挖质量要求和质量保证措施
Earthwork quality requirements and quality assurancemeasures
质量要求：Qualityrequirements:
边坡与边线符合规定，边坡为1:0.3，不得挖陡；底层土不得扰动。
Slope and side lines shall conform to requirements; slopegradient is 1:0.3; steep slope shall be avoided; bottom soil shallnot be disturbed.
质量保证措施：Quality assurancemeasures:
开工前要做好各级技术准备和技术交底工作，施工技术人员（工长）、测量人员要熟悉图纸，掌握现场测量桩及水准点的位置尺寸。
Technical preparations and technical explanation shall bewell organized before commencement and construction technicians(section chief) and surveyors shall be familiar with drawings andmaster locations and dimensions of piles and reference points forsurveying.
施工要配备专职测量人员进行质量控制，要及时复撒灰线，将基坑开挖下口线测放到基坑底。及时控制开挖标高，严禁超挖，做到5m扇形挖土工作面内，标高白灰点不少于2个。同时工程桩顶应及时撒白灰做标志，以免挖掘机碰撞工程桩。
Special surveyors shall be assigned to control quality,timely redraw gray lines and project excavation lines to trenchbottom. Elevation shall be controlled to prevent over-excavation.Height marks of whitewash shall be not less than two within 5msector excavation area. Pile heads shall be marked with whitewashto prevent being impacted by excavators.
开挖边坡时，尽量采用沟端开行，挖土机的开行中心线要对准边坡下口线。要坚持先修坡后挖土的操作方法。
Soilat trench end shall be excavated first during excavation of slopeand excavator shall advance along the center line aiming at thelower slope line. The slope shall be trimmed before earthexcavation.
机械挖土过程中要配备足够的人工，一般每台挖土机要每班配备4～5人，随时配合清槽修坡，将土送至挖土机半径内。这种方法即可一次交成品，确保工程质量，又可节省劳动力，降低工程成本。
Enough workers shall be assigned during earth excavationand 4～5 workers are assigned to each excavator forcleaning up trench and trimming slope and moving soil into workingradius of excavator, in this way, foundation trench is excavated atsingle time, which saves labor and reduces cost.
土方开挖后，及时跟进浇筑砼垫层。
After earth excavation, concrete cushion shall be poured intime.
5、土方回填Backfilling of earthwork
土方回填应在基础验收合格后进行。
Backfill can be executed after the acceptance of foundationcap.
原则上土方回填采取人工回填辅以小型机械，回填土压实采用蛙式夯机夯实。
Principally manual backfill is assisted by small machinery,backfilling soil is tamped in layers by frogrammers.
土方回填前，基坑内的建筑垃圾、模板、钢筋等应该清除干净。
Trash and materials like formwork and rebar in foundationpit should be removed before backfilling.
Tamping in layers should be executed from peripheral toinside. Thickness of every layer should be no more than 300mm.Cutting ring test should be taken for backfillsoil.
回填土压实应从由外而内进行，每层压实厚度不得超过300mm，每层压实完成后应进行环刀试验。
回填土以机械施工为主、人工配合，采用自卸汽车运输，挖掘机摊铺、夯实，并结合采用振动夯、蛙式夯分层回填压实，机械无法回填的部位采用人工回填、人工夯实。运土车、挖掘机在基坑内行走必须先在承台、地坪梁上垫800mm高以上的土并加设走道板，不得直接压到承台与地坪梁。
Soilis backfilled with machine and manpower. Soil is transportedthrough dump trucks and paved with excavators and compacted withvibration and frog hammers layer by layer. Places unreachable bymachine are backfilled manually and compacted. If excavator works inthe foundation trench, soil not less than 800mm shall be paved overcap and terrace beam and walkway plates shall be added forprotection.
回填顺序按基底由低至高分层夯填，回填前在基础四周侧面上做出填土高度控制线，回填分层厚度为20cm，填一层夯一层。在基础相对两侧或四周同时进行，分层压实。深浅两基坑应先填夯深基础，填至浅基坑标高时，再与浅基一起填夯。必须分段分层填土时，交接处应填成阶梯形，每层互相搭接，其搭接长度不少于每层填土厚度的两倍，上下层错缝距离不少于1.0m。
Soilis backfilled from trench bottom to top and compacted layer bylayer. Lines shall be marked on side walls of trench forcontrolling height of backfilled soil and soil layer is 20cm. Soilis backfilled simultaneously from two opposite sides or four sidesand compacted layer by layer. Deeper trench shall be backfilled toelevation of shallower trench and compacted first then it isbackfilled and compacted with shallow trench. If backfilling bystages and layers is necessary, the crossing section shall be madeinto staircase shape and the overlapping length of each layer shallnot be less than two times of backfilling thickness of each layerand the joints of upper and lower layer shall be staggered for atleast 1.0m.
在打夯时，如出现弹性变形的土（俗称橡皮土），应将该部分土挖除，另用干土或含砂石较大的土回填。
Ifsoil with elastic deformation (commonly referred to as rubber soil)is discovered during compaction, it shall be removed and backfilledwith dry soil or soil with many sands.
现场做好防雨和排水工作，防止地面水流入基坑内。雨天不应进行填方的施工。如必须施工时，应分段尽快完成，且宜采用碎石类土和砂土、洋灰等填料。已填好的土如遭水浸，应把稀泥铲掉后，方可继续回填。
Preparations shall be performed for rain prevention anddrainage to prvent surface water from flowing into foundationtrench. Backfill shall not be done during rainy days, if it isnecessary, the work shall be accomplished by sections as quick aspossible. Backfill materials like fragmental stone, sandy soil andcement are favorable. If the backfilled soil is immersed by water,the slime shall be shoveled off and backfilled.
按规范取样做环刀试验，确保压实系数λc≥0.92。
Ringsampler test is carried out as per code requirements and compactioncoefficient λc≥0.92 shall be ensured.
回填土质量要求Quality requirements of backfill
填土前抽除基坑内积水、淤泥、饱和土、杂物等。
Accumulated water, silt, saturated soil and sundries in thefoundation trench shall be removed beforebackfilling.
回填土料：含水率符合压实要求的原土，不得使用淤泥、耕土及含有有机杂质的土，粒径不大于50mm。分层厚度300，含水率最佳，表面平整度20。
Backfill: raw soil with qualified water content is used;silt, mool and soil with organic impurities are not used; graindiameter shall not be more than 50mm. Water content shall becontrolled with optimum moisture content. Layer thickness is 300mm.surface planeness is 20mm.
严格选用回填土料，控制含水量、夯实遍数等是防止回填土下沉的重要环节。回填过程中要检查排水措施，每层填筑厚度、含水量控制、压实度等。
Backfill shall be selected strictly as per requirements andwater content and compaction frequency shall be controlled toprevent settlement of backfill. Drainage measures, layer thickness,water content and compaction degree shall be checked duringbackfilling.
符合质量检验评定标准，达到合格要求。回填质量验收标准（mm）：标高-50，分层压实系数≥0.92。
Backfill works shall be qualified and conform to standardsof quality evaluation. Standards for quality inspection andacceptance: elevation -50mm and compaction coefficient bylayer ≥0.92.
基坑降排水Foundation trench dewatering and draining
本工程地下水较高，基坑开挖时土的含水层被破坏，地下水会不断渗入基坑。下雨时地面水亦会流入基坑。为了施工的正常进行，防止边坡塌方和地基承载力的下降，施工时，必须做好地面和基坑的排水和降水工作。
Groundwater level is high in this project and water bearingbed is destroyed during excavation and underground continuouslypermeates into foundation trench. Surface water also flows intofoundation trench in case of rain. Therefore, dewatering anddraining measures shall be taken for ground and trench to preventslope collapse and reduction of ground bearing capacity toguarantee the construction progress.
本工程基坑拟采用截、疏、抽的集水坑明排法，即在基坑四周、基槽侧边设置排水明沟（沟宽300、深300、坡度0.1%），在每个承台基坑的西南角或基槽每隔20-30m设置一500×500×800的集水坑，安排专人及时抽走坑内的积水，经二级沉淀后排入附近河流（因市政雨水管网尚未建成），以保持基坑干燥。
Opendraining ditches (300mm width, 300mm depth, gradient 0.1%) arebuilt at sides of foundation trench and sump holes (500×500×800)are built in southwest corner of each cap foundation trench orevery 20-30m in the foundation ditch and special workers areappointed to pump the accumulated water. The water is treatedthrough second-stage sedimentation and discharged into nearbyrivers (municipal rain water pipe network has not been constructed)to keep foundation trench dry.
