爱华网1、Discuss when they take place. 讨论一下它们什么时候发生。
take place 发生
When did the wedding take place? 婚礼是什么时候举行的。
The opening of the play will take place tomorrow night. 这出戏明天晚上开始演出。
易混辨析：
happen; take place; break out 发生
happen指“偶然发生”。还可指运动会的“举行”。可以和occure互换，但occure有“It occures/ occurred to sb. that…突然想起”句型，happen没有此句型。
A traffic accident happened in the street this morning. 今天早上大街上发生了一起交通事故。
take place指“有计划，有安排让发生”。
Great changes have taken place in China in the past 30 years. 过去三十年中国发生了巨大变化。
break out“爆发”。多指爆发灾难性的事情，如战争、火灾、地震、瘟疫等。
The first world war broke out in 1914. 第一次世界大战1914年爆发。
特别提示：
（1）happen; take place; break out 都没有被动式。
（2）take the place of表示“代替…的位置”。
即时活用：
1）A terrible accident ___ on No.6 Street yesterday, where a couple were killed by a truck..
A. folded B. broke out C. took place D. occurred 答案：D
2) A quarrel ___________ last Sunday, and he ___________ his family.
A. was broken out; broke away B. broke out; broke away
C. was broke out; broke away from D. broke out; broke away from 答案：D
3) Don’t you believe it! Glass can ________ steel in many ways in life.
A. take place of B. take the place of C. in place of D. instead of 答案：B
4) The question occurred to me ______ we were to get the machines mended.
A. that B. what C. why D. where 答案：A
5)–When did the concert_____? ---Oh, two days ago.
A. happened B. take place C. hold D. start 答案：B
2、At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. 那个时候如果食物难找人会饿死的，尤其是寒冷的冬天。
starve
用法归纳：
（1）饿死；挨饿 (vi.)
Many children in Africa are starving to death. 非洲的许多儿童正在被饿死。
Because there is no food, the people are starving. 由于没有粮食，哪儿的人正在挨饿。
（2）使挨饿(vt.)
If you waste any food again, I will starve you. 如果你再浪费粮食，我就让你挨饿。
Some people starve themselves to lose weight. 有些人在挨饿减肥。
联想扩展：
be starved of 很需要 starve for 渴望得到
starvation n. 挨饿；饿死
3、For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. 在日本的盂兰盆节，人们要扫墓、烧香，以缅怀祖先。
in memory of 纪念；追念
We held the meeting in memory of the soldiers who died in the war.
我们举行这个会议以纪念在战争中阵亡的将士。
联想扩展：
in honor of…纪念某人 in praise of…表扬；赞扬 in search of 寻找
in face of 面对 in need of 需要 in defense of 保卫
in charge of 负责 in possession of 拥有 in terms of 至于；关于
in case of 要是… in favor of 同意；赞同
即时活用：
Washington , a state in the United States , was named ______ one of the greatest American presidents .
A. in honor of B. instead of C. in favor of D. by means of 答案：A
4、The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people.
西方节日万圣节也源自人们古老的信念，认为亡者的灵魂会返回人间。
beliefs 信念
特别提示：
belief变复数时直接加s。
联想扩展：
名词的几种特殊变化
（1）复数名词以“s”或“es”结尾，其读音规则是：清辅音之后发[s]，浊辅音和元音之后发[z]，[s，z，∫，t∫，d]之后发[iz]
（2）以o结尾的名词变复数，多数加“s”，少数几个加“es”。可归纳为：黑人和英雄吃土豆和西红柿。Negroes and heroes eat potatoes and tomatoes.
（3）以th. 结尾的名词加“s”后，th.发生音变的有：一个青年去洗澡，回来路上撇着嘴。即“youth”， “bath”,“path”,“mouth”这四个词发生音变，其它th.结尾的名词加s变为复数时th.不发生音变。
（4）以f结尾的名词变复数时大都变f为ves，但有几个直接加s变为复数。可归纳为：一个农奴（serf）从海湾（gulf）来到房顶（roof）上，找到首长（chief），有了证据（proof），增加了信仰（belief）。
（5）名词修饰名词，除man和woman随后边的名词的单复数变化外，其余名词一律用单数。可以归纳为：所有名词都用单（数），男人女人随名词变化。
即时活用：
– Where are you going to do your shopping?
--- I am going to the _________.
A. shoe’s B. shoe store C. shoes store D. shoes’ store 答案：B
5、It is now a children’s festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbor’s homes to ask for sweets. 现在成了一个儿童节日，节日期间孩子们打扮起来，去邻居家要糖果。
dress up
用法归纳：
（1）打扮成某种样子；穿上最好的衣服
The dress up as Father Cristmas during Cristmas. 圣诞节期间他们打扮成圣诞老人。
It’s only an informal party, you needn’t dress up. 只是个非正式的聚会，你没必要打扮。
（2）把…打扮起来
Would you please dress the children up? 能把孩子们打扮一下吗？
Why are you dressed up? 为什么要打扮？
6、If the neighbors do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them.
如果邻居们不给他们糖果，孩子们就会作弄他们。
play a trick on sb. 开玩笑； 欺骗
It is acceptable to play tricks on your friends on April 1st.
在愚人节那天作弄朋友是可以接受的。
联想扩展：
take…into…坑人 trick sb. out of 骗取 play a joke on sb. 戏弄某人
have a joke 说笑话 make a joke about sb. or sth.. 拿某人或某事说笑话
laugh at sb.嘲笑某人 make fun of sb. 取笑某人
7、Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster.
由于他们的农产品，如最大的西瓜，或者最漂亮的公鸡，有些人会得到奖励的。
award n.奖；奖品 v.授予；判定
He won first award of talking big competition. 他在演讲大赛中获得了第一名。
The school awarded Mary a prize for her good work. 由于她优秀的工作学校给玛丽发奖。
易混辨析：
award , prize , reward 奖
award “奖，奖品”。对于优异成绩获卓越贡献经过评定后正式授予的奖励。奖励可以是精神的，也可以是物质的。其获得这并不一定参加某种竞赛，但其成绩却达到获奖水平。
prize “奖赏，奖品”。确认某人在竞赛中取得优异成绩并给与特殊奖励。含有优胜者几经拼搏，胜利来之不易的意思。广义指极好的东西，珍品。
reward “报答，酬劳”不指荣誉，指应得的报酬。
即时活用：
It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to __.
A. rewards B. prizes C. awards D. results 答案：A
8、The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.
最富有生气而又最重要的节日，就是告别冬天，迎来春天的日子。
look forward to 盼望；希望
The children are looking forward to the Spring Festival. 孩子们盼望春节。
I am looking forward to hearing from you. 希望收到你的来信。
特别提示：
look forward to句型中，to为介词，所以后面跟名词或动名词。
联想归纳：
下列词组中的to为介词
look forward to 希望 see to 处理；修理 be / get used to 习惯于
pay attention to 注意 get down to 开始认真做 lead to 引起；导致
devote…to 献身 stick to 坚持 object to 反对
prefer doing… to doing 比起后面的更喜欢前面的
get around to 找时间做… live up to 不辜负
refer to 查阅；适用于 belong to 属于 compare…to… 比作
turn to 查阅；求助于 add to 增加
due to 由于 set about to 着手 be addicted to 沉迷于 adapt to 适应 agree to 同意
即时活用：
1、We all look forward ____ your beautiful country.
A. to visiting B. to visit C. to D. visiting 答案：A
2、I’m looking forward to ______to Hong Kong .
A. visiting B. my visiting C. visit D. my visit 答案：D
3、I was looking forward to ______, but no letter came to me.
A. hear him B. hearing him C. hearing from him D. hear 答案：C
4、Your mother and I are looking forward __________ you.
A. of seeing B. for seeing C. to see D. to seeing 答案：A
9、The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow. 整个国家到处是盛开的樱花，看上去就像是覆盖了一层粉红色的雪。
as though=as if 似乎；好像
用法归纳：
（1）表示与事实不相符的假设，从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气。
He treats me as though I were his son. 他对待我就好象我是他的儿子一样。
She was shaking with fear as though he had seen a ghost 她吓得直哆嗦，就好象看到了鬼一样。
特别提示：
as though或as if 引导的从句用虚拟语气条件句的时态。
（2）表示与事实相符的假设，.从句中的谓语动词不用虚拟语气。
It looks as though it is going to rain. 天看起来好像要下雨了。
It seems as though he knows everything. 他好像什么都懂。
即时活用：
1) It looks______ the coming autumn harvest will be even better than the last one.
A. even if B. that C. as if D. like 答案：C
2) Holding his head high, he walked past the soldiers ______ they didn’t exist.
A. even if B. even though C. as D. as if 答案：D
10、People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other.
人们喜欢聚在一起，吃饭、喝酒、互相开心的玩。
have fun with 玩得开心
Did you have fun with the children yesterday? 昨天和孩子们一起玩得高兴吗？
联想扩展：
have fun doing 做某事开心
We had a lot of fun swimming in the swimming pool. 我们很开心的在游泳池里游泳。
The children had great fun going outing today. 今天去郊游孩子们都很开心。
即时活用：
The children had _____basketball.
A. a great fun playing B. great fun playing C. great fun to play D. a great funny playing
答案：B
11、Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our work for a little while. 节日使我们欣赏生活，为我们的风俗骄傲并且暂时忘掉工作。
custom n. 风俗；习惯
It is our custom to fire firework during the Spring Festival. 春节期间放鞭炮是我们的风俗。
It is my custom to get up early in the morning. 早起是我的习惯。
易混辨析：
habit , custom , practice 习惯
habit “习惯”；指个人形成且不易放弃的生活、行为方式。
custom “习惯，习俗”；指社会或群体长期以来形成的行为、生活方式。
practice 可等同于custom。但含贬义，还指商业、法律、医疗等行业的常规做法。
即时活用：
Is it the custom ______ each other every morning?
A. shake hands with B. shaking hands with
C. to shake hands with D. to shake hand with 答案：C
12、But she didn’t turn up. 但是她没来。
turn up
用法归纳：
（1）出现
For some reason he didn’t turn up. 由于某种原因他没来。
Your lost pen may turn up some day. 你丢失的钢笔说不定那天就会出现。
（2）把声音开大
Please turn up TV, I can’t hear it clearly. 把电视机声音开大点，我听不清楚。
Turn up the gas, vegetables should be cooked quickly. 把煤气开大，菜要快炒。
（3）发生某种情况
I sense something will turn up. 我感觉有什么事要发生。
No one knows what will turn up tomorrow. 没人知道明天会发生什么事情。
联想扩展：
turn against 背叛 turn back 回来 turn down 拒绝；把声音关小
turn in 上交 turn into变成 turn off关闭 turn on打开
turn out 结果是；原来是 turn over移交 turn to 查找；转向
即时活用：
1)he performance supposed to be popular __ to be a great disappointment after it was over.
A. turned up B. turned down C. turned out D. turned over 答案：C
2)When you refuse an offer, you turn it _______.
A. away B. out C. down D. off 答案：C
13、She said she would be there at seven o’clock, and she thought she would keep her word.
她说她会七点到那儿的，他想她会遵守诺言的。
keep one’s word 守信；遵守诺言
An honest man will always keep his word. 诚实的人总是会遵守诺言的。
I will keep my word, I will not tell anyone about it.我会遵守诺言的，我不会告诉任何人。
联想扩展：
keep one’s chin up 不泄气 keep one’s head 保持镇静
keep one’s temper 不生气 break / eat one’s word 食言
go back on one’s word 食言
即时活用：
1)—It’s almost eight, but Tom hasn’t turned up. He may not be here.
—He will. He never ____ on his words.
A. goes back B. comes back C. gives back D. gets back 答案：A
2) I don’t trust that man; he is the guy who _________.
A. never eat his word B. never keeps saying
C. always eats his word D. keeps his word 答案：C
14、He was not going to hold his breath for her to apologize.他不会低声下气的等她道歉。
hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
How long can you hold your breath in water? 你在水里能憋多长时间？
He held his breath and dived into water. 他吸了一口气，潜到水里。
联想扩展：
catch one’s breath 缓口气 lose one’s breath 喘不过起来
out of breath 气喘吁吁 save one’s breath 别白费力气
waste one’s breath 白费力气
即时活用：
The audience ______ their breath as the acrobat walked along the tightrope .
A. lose B. hold C. keep D. stop 答案：B
15、As Li Fang set off for home, 当李方动身回家的时候，
set off
用法归纳：
⑴ 动身；出发
They set off on a fine morning. 他们在一个大晴天的早上出发。
The car set off in a cloud of dust. 小车发动，扬起一股尘土。
⑵ 燃放
The children are setting fireworks off in the garden. 孩子们正在花园放鞭炮。
Do be careful with these fireworks, a slight spark could set them off.
这些烟火要特别小心，稍有火星就能引起爆炸。
⑶ 引起；使发火
That set all of them off laughing again. 那使得他们有一次笑了。
He was so angry now, a word from her would set him off. 他很生气，她说的任何一句话都可能使他发火。
⑷ 触发
The teacher’s word set off a heated debate. 老师的话引起了一场热烈的辩论。
Careless handling of international relations can set off a war. 国际关系的粗心处理可能会引起一场战争。
⑸ 衬的很好看
The frame sets off your painting very well. 这个画框很配你的画。
联想扩展：
set about 开始；散布 set back 往回拨；推迟 set aside 挑出；不顾；不理会
set apart 使分离；留出 set forth 动身；启程；阐明 set off 动身；出发；引爆
set oneself against 坚决反对 set out 动身；开始；装饰；摆放
set out to do sth 着手做 set about doing sth着手做
即时活用：
1)____in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States .
A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding 答案：C
2)It’s ten years since the scientist __ on his life’s work of discovering the valuable chemical.
A. made for B. set out C. took off D. turned up 答案：B
3) Having decided to rent a flat, we __ contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city.
A. set about B. set down C. set out D. set up 答案：A
4) Rita ______ two hours every Sunday afternoon to spend with her son.
A. set out B. set away C. set aside D. set off 答案：C
5) The funny story ____ a loud laugh in the classroom.
A. got off B. set off C. took off D. turned out 答案：C
16、I don’t want them to remind me of her. 我不想它们使我想起她。
remind
用法归纳：
（1）remind sb. about sth. 提醒某人某事
Please remind me about the meeting this afternoon. 请提醒我下午的会议。
Can you remind me about the time of the train? 能提醒我火车时间吗？
（2）remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起
The boy’s story reminded me of my childhood.那个孩子的经历使我想起了我的童年。
What he said reminded me of my unfinished work. 他的话使我想起了我还没有做完的工作。
（3）remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
Please remind me to get up at seven tomorrow morning. 明天早上七点叫我。
Remind him to post the letter. 提醒他发信。
（4）remind sb. of doing sth..提醒某人已做过某事
Thank you for reminding me of giving back the money to you.
谢谢你提醒我给你还过钱了。
即时活用：
1)This reminded us ______ we did together during our holiday.
A. about which B. of what C. of which D. about what 答案：B
2)A reminder is something which reminds somebody ____ somebody or something else.
A. from B. for C. with D. of 答案：D
17、Everyone who comes must be prepared to keep moving, as it is too cold to stand and watch for long.
要来的人必须准备好不停的走动，应为天太冷你不可能站在那儿看很长时间。
be prepared
（1）准备，打算。
He is not prepared to help me. 他没打算要帮我。
（2）对…有准备
A + to
You must be prepared to what he will say. 他会说什么你应该有所准备。
B + for
Li Ming is not prepared for the question. 李明没有准备这个问题。
即时活用：
Seeing the soldiers well _____ for the flood-fight, the general nodded with satisfaction.
A. preparing B. prepared C. prepare D. having prepared 答案：B
18、One of the favorite events is the dog-sled race, in which teams of about six husky dogs pull long sleds at great speeds along a snowy track.
最喜欢的一个比赛项目就是狗拉雪橇比赛，比赛中六个强壮的狗拉着雪橇高速的越过雪道。
speed 速度
用法归纳：
（1）with great / all speed 高速
The car is running with all speed. 汽车在高速奔跑。
（2）at top / high / low / the same / an ordinary… speed 高速/低速/相同速度/普通速度
The two balls fell at the same speed and hit the ground at the same time.
两个球以相同速度下落并且同时到达地面。
（3）at ( the speed of) + 数词 + 名词 + 时间单位 以每…多大速度运行
Man-made satellites have to fly at the speed of 11.2 kilometers per second to escape the earth gravity. 人造卫星必须以每秒11.2 公里的速度运行以摆脱地球引力。
即时活用：
1)– I think John will win the race.
--- Yes, he started off ______ a great speed.
A. with B. at C. though D. by 答案：B
2) John may win the first prize. He has started _____ the speed of 80 miles.
A. at B. of C. on D. in 答案：A
Unit Two Healthy eating
1、Do you eat a healthy diet? 你吃的健康吗？
diet 日常饮食
A balanced diet is necessary for good health. 平衡的饮食对身体健康很有必要。
Chinese diet is high in fiber. 中餐富含纤维。
易混辨析：
diet和food
diet既可指习惯上吃的食物，又可指规定的食物。特指维持健康的食物。
food是一般用语，指进入身体供人或动物生长的食物。强调种类时为复数名词。
联想扩展：
go on a diet = be on a diet 节食
You please have lunch yourself, I am on a diet. 你自己吃午饭，我在节食。
2、By now his restaurant ought to be full of people. 到这个时候他饭店宾客盈门的。
ought to
用法归纳：
（1）（按理）应该
He ought to be here by now. 他这会儿应该到了。
It ought to be very cold in December in Xi’an. 西安12月应该很冷了。
（2）（建议）应该
You ought to study hard. 你应该努力学习。
Schools ought to supply good books for students. 学校应该为学生提供好书。
（3）ought to have done = should have done 过去应该做而未做
You ought to have studied hard in the past three years. 过去三年你应该好好学习来着。
即时活用：
1)---There is a lot of smoke coming out of the teaching building.
---Really? It _____be a fire, most probably.
A. can B. ought to C. have to D. must 答案：B
2)____ the old building still stand there after so many years?
A. Must B. May C. Can D. Ought to 答案：C
3、He thought of his mutton, beef and bacon cooked in the hottest, finest oil.
他想到了他用最热的，最好的油烹制出的羊肉、牛排和熏肉。
think of
用法归纳：
（1）想起；记起
Sorry, I didn’t think of your name just now. 对不起，我刚才没想起你的名字。
We should think of some excuses. 我们应该找一些借口。
（2）考虑
We should think of the matter carefully. 我们应该认真考虑这个问题。
Please think of what I have said. 考虑一下我所说的。
（3）为…着想
Chen Guangbiao is always thinking of the poor people in the poor areas.
陈光标总是想着贫穷地区的穷人。
Don’t trust him, he only thinks of himself. 别相信他，他只为自己着想。
（4）想；打算
I am thinking of giving up smoking. 我打算戒烟。
Is there anyone thinking of going out to play basketball with me? 有人想和我出去打篮球吗？
联想扩展：
think about想；考虑
think much of 对…评价很高
think highly / well of 高度评价
think badly / little of 认为不好
think nothing of 觉得不怎么样
think out 想出；想清楚 think over 仔细考虑
即时活用：
– How long have you worked in this library?
---Two years, but I’m thinking ________.
A. to stop B. of stop C. to stopping D. of stopping 答案：D
4、Something terrible must have happened if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did.
如果李昌不像平常那样来他的饭店吃饭肯定是发生了什么可怕的事情。
情态动词表示猜测
情态动词、表示意义及猜测的概率
must 一定；肯定 100%
may 可能 50%-60%
might 也许 20%-30%
should 按理应该
can / could 可能
特别提示：
must, may, might, should 用于肯定猜测；can / could用于否定和疑问猜测。
用法归纳：
（1）表示对现在情况的猜测，用“情态动词+动词原形”
He must be in the classroom. 他一定在教室。
She may have a spare pen. 她也许有一支多余的钢笔。
（2）表示对过去情况的猜测， 用“情态动词 + have +过去分词”
The ground is wet, it might have rained last night. 地是湿的，昨晚可能下雨了。
They must have finished their homework. 他们一定把作业做完了。
特别提示：
注意情态动词表示猜测句的反义疑问句。
（1）表示对现在情况的猜测的句子，不能用情态动词反问。
（2）表示对过去情况的猜测的句子，如果句子中有表示过去的时间，用过去式反问；如果句子中没有表示过去的时间，用完成时反问。
He must be in the classroom，isn’t he? 他一定在教室,是吗？
She may have a spare pen, doesn’t she? 她也许有一支多余的钢笔，是吗？
The ground is wet, it might have rained last night, didn’t it? 地是湿的，昨晚可能下雨了，是吗？
They must have finished their homework, haven’t they? 他们一定把作业做完了，是吗？
should 表示“按理应该”。看下面一道高考题
---When shall I come for the photos? I need them this afternoon.
---They ______ be ready by 12.
A. must B. can C. should D. can 答案：C
can / could 用于疑问句表示“可能…吗”；用于否定句表示“不可能”。
---Look, someone is coming, who can it be ? 看，有人来了，可能是谁呢？
---It must be the headmaster. 肯定是校长。
---It can’t be him. He has gone to Xi’an. 不可能是他，他去西安了。
即时活用：
1) He______ without saying goodbye to them, for he always has good manners.
A. mustn’t have left B. may not leave C. shouldn’t have left D. can’t have left
答案：D
2) The classroom was empty. I think they _____ to the playground to do morning exercises.
A. must have gone B. ought to have gone C. should have done D. can have done
答案：A
3) ---We weren’t sure which way to go. In the end we turned right.
---You ______ the wrong way. You ______ left.
A. had gone; must have turned B. went; must turn
C. have gone; would have turned D. went; should have turned 答案：D
4) You must have been caught in the rain yesterday, ______ you?
A. mustn’t B. haven’t C. didn’t D. weren’t 答案：C
5) When I suggested that someone in the village ____ his wine, he didn’t believe.
A. must have drunk B. should drink C. have drunk D. has drunk 答案：A
6) He must be the person who has been late a third time this week, __________?
A. isn’t he B. hasn’t he C. mustn’t he D. must he 答案：A
7)– Is Bush over his cold yet?
--- He ________. He went ice-skating yesterday.
A. must be B. ought to C. will be D. has to 答案：A
8)– Has your brother got up?
--- Sorry, I’m not sure. He ________got up.
A. must have B. can’t have C. would have D. might have 答案：D
5、Tired of all that fat? Want to lose weight? 肥腻的东西吃厌了吗？想变瘦吗？
be tired of… 对…厌倦；厌烦
I am tired of learning English. 我烦学英语。
We are tired of the same breakfast every morning. 我们厌烦每天早上吃同样的早餐。
易混辨析：
be tired of… 对…厌倦；厌烦
be tired from / with… 由于…而疲惫
We are tired from the long running. 由于长跑我们很累。
特别提示：
这里tired of为形容词短语，在句中作状语。形容词作状语时，多放在句首或句末。在句中作原因状语、条件状语或伴随状语。
Thirsty, he rushed to the well. 由于很渴，他朝井边跑过去。
The old man was lying on the ground, dead. 那个老人躺在地上，死了。
lose weight 减肥
Many young girls are going on a diet to lose weight. 许多年轻的女孩节食想减肥。
联想扩展：
put on weight 增肥；长胖
You should eat less, you can’t put on more weight. 你应该少吃点，你不敢再长胖了。
6、Curiosity drove Wang Peng inside. 好奇心驱使王鹏走进去。
drive vt. 迫使;逼迫
用法归纳：
（1）drive sb. to do sth.
What drove you to change your mind? 什么使你改变注意的？
Hunger drove them to sell their children. 饥饿使得他们卖掉孩子。
（2）drive sb. to + n. / doing
Poverty drove them to stealing. 贫穷使得他们偷窃。
Troubles drove him to alcohol. 烦恼使得他借酒消愁。
（3）drive + O +介词短语
We at last drove the Japanese invaders out of China. 我们最终把日本侵略者赶出了中国。
Oppression drove them into open rebellion. 压迫使得他们反叛。
7、He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies!
他可不能让雍慧哄骗人们后跑掉。
have + O + OC 让发生某情况
用法归纳：
（1）have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
Don’t forget to have him come together with you. 别忘了让他和你一起来。
I will have Li Mei type the letter. 我要让李梅打这封信。
（2）have sb. / sth. doing 让某人做某事；让某情况发生
Oil can have cars running. 油能使车运行。
If you are late again, I will have you standing at the back of the classroom for a period.
如果你再迟到，我就让你在教室后面站一节课。
（2）have sb. / sth. done
A. 让别人做某事
We should have the walls whitewashed. 我们应该找人把墙粉刷一下。
I will have my bike repaired. 我要修一下自行车。
B. 遭到某情况
My brother had his left leg broken while playing football.我弟弟在踢足球时把左腿摔断了。
She had her car stolen. 她的车被偷了。
C. 完成
You should have your homework finished first. 你应该先把作业完成了。
I have already had supper prepared. 我已经把晚饭做好了。
即时活用：
1) —Is this the computer you ________last week? —That’ s________.
A. had it repaired; the one B. repaired it; it
C. had repaired; it D. had repaired; the one 答案：C
2) We had a photo ______ with the foreign friends.
A. take B. took C. taking D. taken 答案：D
3) The girl won’t have anything ______ against her teacher.
A. say B. said C. saying D. to say 答案：B
4) Mrs Baker has her hair _____every Friday afternoon after work.
A. done B. do C. doing D. being done 答案：A
5) --- Mr. Wilson is expected back at noon .
---Would you have him _____ then, please?
A. calling me B. call me C. to calling me D. called me 答案：B
8、He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies!
他可不能让雍慧哄骗人们后跑掉。
get away with 不受惩罚；被放过
They got away with having damaged the car. 他们把车弄坏了，但是没有受罚。
联想扩展：
get across使了解 get around/round/about到处走动
get down下来；使沮丧 get over恢复
get through完成
9、He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies!
他可不能让雍慧哄骗人们后跑掉。
关于“撒谎”
（1）tell a lie / lies to do something 为了做…而撒谎
Mr. Kingtold a lie to get a job in the company. 为了在这个公司找到一份工作，金先生撒了一个谎。
The man told lies to make his mother happy. 为了让妈妈高兴，那个人撒了许多谎。
（2）tell a lie / lies with sb. = lie to sb. 对某人撒谎
Some students often tell lies with their headteacher. 有些学生常常对班主任撒谎。
I forgive you this time, but you can’t lie to me again. 这次我原谅你，但你不能再对我撒谎。
10、Perhaps he would be able to earn his living after all and not have to close his restaurant.
也许他不必关掉饭店也能谋生。
earn one’s living 谋生 =make a living
The old man earns his living by selling newspapers. 那个老人靠卖报纸谋生。
How did you earn your living in the old days? 旧社会你是怎么生活的？
11、He did not look forward to being in debt because his restaurant was no longer popular.
他可不希望由于餐馆不受欢迎而负债。
in debt欠债
He is in heavy debt now. 他负债累累。
His father left him nothing but a big debt. 他父亲只留给他一大笔债务。
联想扩展：
be out of debt不欠债
get into debt=run into debt=fall into debt 负债
in one’s debt 欠某人情
12、She didn’t look happy but glare at him. 她不高兴，拿眼睛瞪着他。
glare vi.怒视；发耀眼的光
The angry father glared at his son. 生气的父亲怒视着儿子。
The headlight of the car glared at me. 汽车的前灯照的我睁不开眼睛。
易混辨析：
glare; gaze; stare; glance 区别
glare 指由于羡慕、恐惧、惊讶而用恐吓、凶狠或愤怒的眼光看。
The teacher glared at the pupil who was late for school.老师生气的看着那个迟到的学生。
gaze指由于惊讶、好奇、喜悦、同情或感兴趣而目不转睛的看。
For hours he sat gazing at the stars. 他坐在那儿盯着星星看了几个小时。
stare指固定的凝视，暗示好奇、勇敢、无礼貌或愚蠢。
It is impolite to stare at a stranger. 瞪着看一个生人是不礼貌的。
glance “一瞥”
She glanced shyly at him out of the corners of her eyes.
她很害羞的用眼睛的余光看着他。
即时活用：
1)----- Do you like ______ in public ?
------I don’t think so . It makes me nervous .
A. to be glared B. being glared C. to be looked D. being stared at
答案：D
2) The two men stood ____ angrily at each other, while the crowd looked on with amusement .
A. staring B. glaring C. glancing D. seeing 答案：B
13、I thought you were a new customer and now I know that you only came to spy on me and my menu. 我原以为你是一个新顾客，现在我明白你过来只是为了侦查我和我的菜单。
spy on暗中监视
Do you spy on us? 你在监视我们吗？
I don’t want anyone to spy on me. 我不愿意别人监视我。
联想扩展：
spy into 探听 spy out 觉察；发现
spy out the land 了解情况；估计形势
14、I don’t want to upset you, but I found your menu so limited that I stopped worrying and started advertising the benefits of my food.
我不想让你不高兴，但我发现你的菜单很有限，现在我不再担心了，我要开始宣传我食品的好处。
benefit
用法归纳：
（1）对…有利
The fresh air here will bebefit you. 这儿的新鲜空气对你有利。
The new factory will benefit this area. 新工厂对这个地区有利。
（2）受益；得到好处
You will benefit from the fresh air here. 你会受益于这儿的新鲜空气的。
The patient hasn’t benefited from the treatment. 病人并没有从治疗中得到好处。
特别提示：
benefit表示“对…有利”时为及物动词；表示“受益；得到好处”时为不及物动词，后面多跟from, 有时跟by。
15、In this way they cut down the fat and increased the fiber in the meal.
这样，他们减少了饭菜中脂肪的含量，增加了纤维素。
cut down
用法归纳：
（1）削减；减少
You should cut down your smoking. 你应该减少吸烟。
We must cut down our expenses. 我们应该削减费用。
（2）砍倒
The woodcutter is cutting down a tree. 一个樵夫这在砍树。
Only a few trees can be cut down for firewood. 只有一少部分树能够被砍倒当材烧。
联想扩展：
cut across走捷径 cut at向…砍去
cut in 插嘴；干预 cut off切断；挡住
cut out 删掉；切除 cut up 切碎；使难过
16、Their balanced diets became such a success that before long Wang Peng became slimmer and Yong Hui put on more weight.
他们的健康食品那么成功所以不久后王鹏瘦了，雍慧胖了。
before long 不久以后
Schools will break up before long. 不久后学校要放假。
Before long we will have our mid-term exams. 不久我们要进行期中考试。
特别提示：
before long用于一般将来时态。
易混辨析：
before long 和long before
before long表示“不久以后”，用于一般将来时态。而long before表示“很久以前”，用于过去时态。
There was no electricity long before. 很久以前没有电。
17、Their balanced diets became such a success that before long Wang Peng became slimmer and Yong Hui put on more weight.
他们的健康食品那么成功所以不久后王鹏瘦了，雍慧胖了。
put on
用法归纳：
（1）穿上；戴上
Put on your coat, it’s cold outside. 穿上大衣，外面很冷。
Why don’t you put on your hat? 你为什么不戴帽子？
（2）上演；表演；展出
They put on a new play last week. 上周他们演了一出新戏。
Class three will put on a dance. 三班将跳舞。
（3）假装
He put on a smile when he saw me. 看到我时他装出一个微笑。
Mary didn’t really like it, she was just putting on. 玛丽并非真喜欢，她在装。
联想扩展：
put aside 放到一边；存储 put away 收起来；存储
put back 放回原处；拨慢 put down 放下；写下来；镇压；消灭
put forward 提出；推荐 put off推迟；让…下车
put out 扑灭；生产；发表 put through 接通电话；实现
put up 举手；搭建；张贴 put up with 忍受；容忍
18、McDonald’s cares about healthy eating too and works with scientists to provide food that is of high quality, safe and healthy.
麦当劳关心健康饮食，并且和科学家们一起为人们提供高品质、安全和健康的食品。
( 1 ) be of +抽象名词=be +其同根adj. 是…的
The book is of much use to you. 这本书对你们很有用。
特别提示：
这个句型中抽象名词前需要加much; great; little; some; no等修饰词。
( 2 ) be of +普通名词 （无相应的adj.形式）
be of + a / an / the same （相同）/ different (不同) +size / age / color / height / length …
They are both of a height. 他俩一样高。
The coats are of different color. 那几件大衣颜色不同。
( 3 ) be of + 普通名词/物质名词 由…制成
The wall is of stone. 墙是石头垒的。
即时活用：
Coral is not a plant but a variety of animal life _________ and bright colors.
A. in different shapes B. in a different shape
C. of different shape D. of a different shape 答案：C
Unit Three The Million Pound Bank Note
1、He was brought up in Hannibal, Missouri, along the Mississippi River.
他是在密西西比河边密苏里州的汉尼拔长大。
bring up
用法归纳：
（1）提出
Why did you bring that question up again? 为什么又把那个问题提出来？
He brought up another idea at yesterday’s meeting. 昨天的会上他又提出了一个想法。
（2）抚养大；教养
Parents should bring up children to be polite. 父母应该教养孩子懂礼貌。
That boy was born in the south but brought up in the north. 那个男孩出生在南方，但是在北方长大。
（3）呕吐
If you bring up what you drink, you may feel more comfortable. 如果你把喝的吐出来，你会感觉好些。
He must be ill, he brought up everything. 他一定是病了，他把吃的全吐了。
联想扩展：
bring down 击落；降低 bring about 致使 bring along 使发展；领来 bring back 拿回来；使恢复 bring out 出版；生产 bring in 介绍；引进；赚钱 bring on 导致；使成长
即时活用：
1) Although the prices of TV set are ___ , he managed to make the manager ___ the price of that TV set .
A. going up ; bring down B. gone up ; go down
C . going up ; brought down D. going down ; bring up答案：A
2）___ up in the village as a child , Mr Gao offers ____ fifty thousand Yuan to the primary school to help build a classroom building .
A. Brought ; to contribute B. Having been brought ;contributing
C. Having brought ; to contribute D. To be brought ; contributing答案：A
2、He was best known for his novels set in his boyhood world on the river.
最使他出名的小说都是以他在密西西比河畔的童年世界作为背景的。
be set in 故事发生在；以…为背景
The film was set in the time when Califonia found gold.电影以加利福尼亚发现金子为背景。
The story was set in the 17th century. 故事发生在17世纪。
联想扩展：
set about 开始；散布 set back 往回拨；推迟
set aside 挑出；不顾；不理会 set apart 使分离；留出
set forth 动身；启程；阐明 set off 动身；出发；引爆
set oneself against 坚决反对 set out 动身；开始；装饰；摆放
set up 开办；建立 set out to do sth 着手做 set about doing sth着手做
特别提示：
set out 和set about 都表示“着手做”。但set out 后跟to do, 而set about后跟doing。
即时活用：
1）It’s ten years since the scientist _____ on his life’s work of discovering the valuable chemical.
A. made for B. set out C. took off D. turned up 答案：B
2）It’s ten years since the scientist _____ on his life’s work of discovering the valuable chemical.
A. made for B. set out C. took off D. turned up 答案：B
3）Having decided to rent a flat, we _____ contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city.
A. set about B. set down C. set out D. set up 答案：A
4）Rita ______ two hours every Sunday afternoon to spend with her son.
A. set out B. set away C. set aside D. set off 答案：C
5）The funny story ____ a loud laugh in the classroom.
A. got off B. set off C. took off D. turned out 答案：C
3、What would you do with it? 你怎样来处理它？
do with
用法归纳：
（1）安排；处理
I have a lot of personal affairs to do with today. 今天我又许多个人的事情要处理。
What will you do with so much money you found? 你要怎么处理你捡到的那么多钱？
特别提示：
do with表示“安排；处理”时多和what连用。
（2）想要；需要
After finishing the writing, I can do with a rest. 写完以后我想休息一下。
Your hands can do with a wash. 你的手需要洗一下。
特别提示：
do with表示“想要；需要”时多和can连用。
（3）有…就行了；凑合
Can you do with five Yuan a day? 你一天有五块钱行吗？
I can do with the left-over for dinner. 晚饭吃剩饭就行了。
特别提示：
do with表示“有…就行了；凑合”时多和can连用。
（4）受不了；不能
I can’t do with his temper. 我受不了他的脾气。
He can’t do with the noise in the city, so he is to move to the countryside.
他受不了城市里的噪音，所以他打算搬到乡下去。
特别提示：
do with表示“受不了；不能”时多和can’t连用。
(5) 与…有关
The man has nothing to do with the case. 那个人与这个案子没关系。
You surely have something to do with the accident. 你肯定与这次事故有关系。
特别提示：
do with表示“与…有关”时多和have to连用。
即时活用：
1）--- What have you ________ my film?
--- I’ve got _______. I’ll go and get it this afternoon.
A. done with; it developed B. done; it developed
C. done with; developed D. done; it developing答案：A
2）He gave me this strange object for my birthday and I don’t know _______ .
A. it what to do with B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it D. to do what with it 答案：C
3）The old woman’s son ______ all her financial affairs .
A. does with B. looks after C. looks at D. deals with 答案：D
4、As a matter of fact, I landed in Britain by accident. 事实上，我是偶然来到英国的。
by accident 偶然；无意中
I ran into an old friend in the street by accident.
by chance 偶然；碰巧 by mistake 错误的 by all means 一定；务必
by means of 用；凭借 by no means 决不
5、Towards nightfall I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.
傍晚时我发现自己被一股强风吹到了大海深处。
find oneself… 发现自己…；不自觉的
When he came to himself, he found himself in a ward. 苏醒过来后，他发现自己在一个病房里。
Many students now often find themselves day-dreaming in class.
现在许多学生常常发现自己上课时做白日梦。
Suddenly he found himself lost in thought. 突然他发现自己陷入深思。
特别提示：
“find oneself… 发现自己…；不自觉的”句型中，宾语补足语一般用介词短语、现在分词或过去分词充当。
6、The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, which accounts for my appearance.
一路上我当帮手，别人不付我钱，这就能解释我为什么看起来这个样子。
account for 做出解释；导致
How do you account for the accidents in series?
Bad weather accounted for the long delay.
7、I went to the American embassy to seek help. 我去美国大使馆寻求帮助。
seek vt. & vi.
用法归纳：
( 1 ) 追求；寻找
Everyone is trying to seek truth from facts. 人人都试图从事实中寻求真理。
We should seek a room to live in at first. 我们应该先找一间房子住下。
( 2 ) 试图；企图
I’ve never sought to hide my view. 我从来没想掩盖我的观点。
They sought to climb over the high wall. 他们想翻过那堵高墙。
( 3 ) 征求
We should seek advice from our customers. 我们应该征求顾客的意见。
Teachers should seek students’ advice on their teaching.
老师们应该征求学生们对他们教学的意见。
( 4 ) 朝/ 往…去；指向
Water seeks its way east. 水往东流。
The arrow seeks the meeting room. 箭头指向会议室。
联想扩展：
seek after/ for 寻求；追求 seek out 搜出；挑出
play hide and seek 做迷藏 not far to seek不难找到；很简单
即时活用：
1）They wandered around the village, _____the ____ bike.
A. seeking; missing B. sought; missed
C. seeking; missed D. sought; missing 答案：A
2） As there was not much chance to find good jobs in their hometown,many young men now tried to _____ their fortune in cities.
A.find B.find out C.seek D.look at答案：C
8、On the contrary, in fact. 事实上，正相反。
on the contrary 正相反
---You are free today. 你今天有空。
---On the contrary, I have a lot of things to do. 相反，我有许多事情要做。
联想扩展：
to the contrary 相反的 by contraries 相反的；出乎意料的 by contrary to 和…相反
易混辨析：
on the contrary和to the contrary
on the contrary “恰恰相反，指对上文关系的转折。
to the contrary “相反的”，是对事物的评判。
I will come on Monday unless you write me to the contrary. 我星期一来，除非你写信叫我不来。
9、We will have to take a chance. 我们不得不冒一次险。
take a chance冒险
I don’t want to take a chance to do that. 我不想冒险做那件事。
Don’t take a chance by driving so fast. 别冒险把车开那么快。
联想扩展：
take…for granted / take advantage of / take after与...相像 / take away /
take care of / take charge of / take delight in以…为乐 / take down /
take effect / take for 把...看成是/ take in接受； 吸收；理解 /
take off / take on / take one’s time / take over接管 / take pains /
take part in / take place / take the place of / take to喜欢；亲近 /
take turns / take up / take…into account考虑 / take…for example /
take…into consideration考虑
即时活用：
1) I ________ him for a foreigner. Why didn’t you tell me earlier?
A. have taken B. took C. take D. had taken 答案：B
2) I want to change my desk. It _______too much room.
A. took up B. has been taken up C. takes up D. is taken up 答案：C
3)– What will you do with your apartment when you leave?
--- John will take ______ the apartment and pay the rent.
A. up B. in C. over D. along答案：C
4)Hospital doctors don’t go out very often as their work _____ all their time.
A. takes away B. takes in C. takes over D. takes up答案：D
5)To look like one’s father is to take _____ him in appearance.
A. from B. over C. after D. for 答案：C
10、I don’t think it can be a fake. 我认为那不会是赝品。
本句为否定转移句。
否定转移句的用法归纳：
think, believe, suppose, consider, imagine 这几个词后如果跟否定形式的宾语从句，否定不能放在从句中，必须放在主句里。但翻译为汉语时，又要把否定放回到从句中去。
I don’t think he will come this afternoon. 我想他下午不会来的。
He doesn’t believe that I can win the match. 他认为我赢不了比赛。
特别提示：
否定转移句的反义疑问句构成：当主句主语是第一人称时，反义疑问句反问从句；当主句主语是第二、第三人称时，反义疑问句反问主句。无论反问主句还是反问从句，反问部分一般用肯定形式。
I don’t think he will come this afternoon，will he? 我想他下午不会来的，他会吗？
He doesn’t believe that I can win the match, does he? 他认为我赢不了比赛，是吗？
即时活用：
1) I don’t think they will go to the film, ______?
A. will they B. won’t they C. do they D. do I 答案：A
2）---I don’t think they are friendly to us, ______?
---______. I agree with you.
A. do I; Yes B. are they; Yes C. aren’t they; No D. are they; No 答案：B
3）He doesn’t believe you are innocent , _______ ?
A. are you B. aren’t you C. does he D. doesn’t he 答案：C
11、But he is in rags. 但是他衣衫褴褛。
in rags 衣衫褴褛
The begger was dressed in rags. 那个乞丐衣衫褴褛。
He is rich, but his clothes are in rags. 他很富有，但他的衣服很破旧。
12、As for the bill, sir, please forget it. 至于账单，先生，忘了它吧。
as for 至于；说到
As for me, I don’t have enough money to do that. 至于我，我没有足够的钱做那件事情。
As for study, he will turn to other topic. 说到学习，他就转话题。
易混辨析：
as to至于；说到 as if=as though 似乎；好像 as with 和…相同
即时活用：
_______ running, learning English needs will.
A. As with B. As to C. As for D. As if 答案：A
13、It’s for us to thank you, sir. 先生，该我们谢谢您。
It is / was for sb. to do sth. 该某人做某事
It is for you to pay the bill this time. 这次该你埋单。
It is for your parents to decide rather than for you. 该由你父母决定而不是你。
14、Please remember that if we ask for too much we may get no salary at all.
请记住如果我们要求太多，我们可能什么也得不到。
ask for
用法归纳：
（1） ask for something 要…东西
The man came up and asked for a light. 那个人走过来借个火。
（2）ask for sb.
A.要求见某人
Someone is asking for you in the office. 办公室有人找你。
B.要某人接电话
Someone is asking for you one the phone. 有你电话。
(=You are wanted on the phone.)
即时活用：
Before building a house, you will have to ____ the government’s permission.
A. get from B. follow C. receive D. ask for答案：D
15、I regret what I said. 我后悔刚才说的话了。
regret vt.& vi.
用法归纳：
（1）后悔；惋惜
Be careful of what you say or you may regret it. 小心你说的话，否则你会后悔的。
I regret that I can’t join you in the trip. 很惋惜我不能和你们一同去旅游。
I regret not being able to take your advice. 我后悔没能听你的建议。
特别提示：
regret表示“后悔；惋惜”时，后面跟名词、代词、从句或动名词。考查时多考查跟动名词的用法。
（2）遗憾
I regret to say that I have left the plane tickets at home. 我很遗憾的说我把飞机票落在家里了。
I regret to inform you that you are dismissed. 我很遗憾的通知你你被解雇了。
特别提示：
regret表示“遗憾”时，后面跟不定式，并且多跟say, tell和inform。
联想扩展：
to one’s (great) regret 使某人（很）遗憾。
即时活用：
1)_______, I cannot accept your invitation. Hopefully, we’ll get together some time next year.
A. To my regret B. To regret C. Regretted D. For my regret 答案：A
2）--- You should not have said that to her. It hurt her.
--- I know. I regret ___________.
A. to have done that B. to do that C. having done that D. I have done that 答案：C
3）----You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.
----Well,now I regret ____ that.
A.to do B.to be doing C. to have done D. having done 答案：D
Unit Four Astronomy: the science of the stars
1、They were followed in time by land animals. 陆地动物及时出现。
in time及时；终于
A stitch in time saves nine. 小洞不补，大洞尺五。
You will get used to it in time. 最终你会习惯的。
易混辨析：
in time和on time
in time表示“及时；终于”； 而on time表示“按时”。
联想扩展：
in no time 立即；马上 at one time 曾经；一度
at a time 一次 at any time 在任何时候
at times有时；偶尔 from time to time 有时
即时活用：
– How often do you go to see your parents? --- __________.
A. In no time B. After a while C. In a short time D. From time to time 答案：D
2、They produced young generally by laying eggs. 它们以产蛋的方式生产后代。
lay eggs 下蛋
How many eggs does you hen lay every week? 你的母鸡每周下多少蛋？
联想扩展：
lay the table 摆桌子 lay up 储存；搁置 lay over 推迟
lay the blame on 责怪 lay the foundation 奠定基础
lay to 归咎于 lay open 摊开；揭露 lay out 摆开；展示
lay aside 放在一边；积蓄 lay down 放下；放弃 lay for 等候
3、These animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.
这些动物和以前的任何生物形式都不同，因为它们产仔并用奶水喂养它们。
give birth to…生产；产生
She gave birth to a healthy baby last night. 昨晚她生了一个健康的婴儿。
That century gave birth to many great men. 那个世纪产生了许多伟人。
4、These animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.
这些动物和以前的任何生物形式都不同，因为它们产仔并用奶水喂养它们。
feed vt.
用法归纳：
（1）饲养
If I am laid-off, I will feed some pigs. 如果下岗，我就养猪。
Do you feed any pets at home? 你在家养宠物吗？
特别提示：
feed作“饲养”讲时，等于raise 和keep。
（2）喂养
We feed grass to sheep. 我们给羊喂草。
We feed sheep with grass. 我们用草喂羊。
特别提示：
注意feed当“喂养”讲时动物和饲料的前后顺序关系以及不同介词的用法。
即时活用：
1）He______ a lot of chicken______ his farm.
A. rises; in B. keeps; on C. raises; in D. supports; on 答案：B
2）– I have a very bad cold.
--- Well, have you ever heard of a saying which goes “____ a cold and starve a fever?”
A. feeding B. to feed C. fed D. feed 答案：D
5、Finally about 2.6 million years ago some small clever animals, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the world. 最后大约在两百六十万年前，一些有手有脚的小型聪明动物出现了，并且扩散到世界各地。
spread v.
用法归纳：
（1）传播；传开（vi.）
Bad news spreads quickly. 坏消息传的很快。
Word spread that there was a variant virus of H1N1. 消息称H1N1病毒已经产生变异。
（2）铺开；展开(vt.)
The bird spread its wings and was about to fly. 鸟伸开翅膀准备要飞。
She spread a new sheet over the bed. 她给床上铺了一个新床单。
（3）涂；抹(vt.)
Please spread the paint evenly. 把油漆抹均匀。
It’s better for you to spread the honey on the bread. 你最好把蜂蜜抹在面包上。
（4）伸展；延伸（vi.）
Xi’an is spreading to the north and the west. 西安正在向北向西延伸。
The forest spreads from here to the foot of Qinling mountains. 森林从这儿延伸到秦岭山脚下。
联想扩展：
spread out 伸开；散开；铺开 spread over 覆盖一片；持续 spread with 在…上涂抹
即时活用：
Soon the news ________ across the whole country, ______the people.
A. spread; exciting B. spread; excited
C. was spread; excited D. was spread; exciting 答案：A
6、Thus, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet.
这样，轮到它们成为这个星球最重要的动物。
in one’s turn轮到某人；接着
Please get on the bus in your turn. 该你上车了。
联想扩展：
at every turn 事事；经常 by turns 轮流
go for a turn 散步；除去兜风 on the turn 在变质
out of turn 不合时宜的 take a turn 转弯
take turns 轮流 to a turn 恰好
7、They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.
它们向大气层排放大量的二氧化碳，这阻止热量向外层空间释放。
prevent…from doing 防止 /阻止…发生
We must prevent the news from spreading. 我们应该阻止这个消息的传播。
Nothing can prevent him from going away. 什么也不能阻止他离开。
特别提示：
（1）这个句型中prevent还可以被stop或keep替代。
（2）主动句中，prevent和stop后面的from可以省略，keep后的from不能省略；被动句中三个词后的from都不能省略。
联想扩展：
prevent vt. 防止；预防；阻止
（1）跟名词或代词
Man is finding ways to prevent natural disasters. 人类正在寻找预防自然灾害的办法。
Vitamin C is supposed to prevent colds. 据认为维生素C能预防感冒。
（2）跟动名词
Teachers now have no ways to prevent students’ listening to MP3 in class.
老师们现在没办法阻止学生们上课听MP3。
H1N1 flu prevented his coming to school. 甲流使他不能来上课。
（3）prevention n.预防；防止
（4）preventive adj. 预防性的
即时活用：
1）We should do what we can to ______ the Changjiang River______.
A. stop; from polluting B. keep; from being polluted
C. prevent; from polluting D. keep; being polluting 答案：B
2）Nobody can stop the naughty boy ______.
A. from punishing B. being punishing C. from being punished D. to be punished
答案：C
3）The heavy rain ______ us starting out on time.
A. kept B. prevented C. protected D. was stopped 答案：B
4）It seems very difficult _________.
A. to stop the child to cry B. restraining the child to cry
C. to keep the child from crying D. holding the child’s crying 答案：C
8、So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.
所以，在未来几百万年时间里生命能否在地球上延续取决与这个问题能否得到解决。
depend vi.
用法归纳：
（1）依靠
We students are depending on our parents now. 我们学生现在在依靠父母。
The town depends entirely upon tourism. 这个小镇主要依靠旅游。
（2）依赖；指望
I mainly depended on his helping, but he didn’t turn up. 我主要指望他帮忙，但是他没来。
There was no bus now, so we had to depend on our legs. 现在没有班车了，我们只有指望双腿了。
（3）由…决定；取决于
Whether we will hold the sports meeting depends on the weather. 我们是否举行运动会取决于天气。
The price depends on the quality. 价格取决于质量。
特别提示：
depend是不及物动词，后面一般要跟on或upon。
联想扩展：
It / That (all) depends. 视情况而定
即时活用：
1）I’m planning to hold a party in the open air, but I can make no guarantees because it _____ the weather.
A. links with B. depends on C. connects to D. decides on 答案：B
2）The meaning of the word is various ______ different situation.
A. depends on B. depending C. depending on D. depended on 答案：C
3）– Will you go with us to the National Park?
--- Well, it _______.
A. depending B. depends C. depends on D. is depended 答案：B
4）—How wide is the Yellow River? —That ___ from where to where.
A. depends B. changes C. refers D. lies 答案：A
9、As a result of this event, a great dust cloud formed in the sky blocking out the sunlight.
这个事件的结果就是，天空形成了一团团的灰尘，遮蔽了阳光。
block out vt. 封闭；遮挡
That wall blocks out all the light. 那堵墙把光都遮住了。
Block out the unimportant part on the picture. 把照片上不重要的部分遮住。
联想扩展：
block vt.
（1）堵住；阻塞
A big stone has fallen from the mountain and blocked the road. 一个大石头从山上掉下来阻塞了道路。
The pipe of heat must be blocked up. 暖气管子肯定是堵住了。
（2）阻碍；阻挡
The wet weather blocked our plan for a trip. 下雨阻碍了我们的出行计划。
The other player tried to block my advance, but he failed. 另一个球员试图阻挡我前进，但是没档住。
10、Then we were off. 然后我们就出发。
off
(1) (和某些动词连用)…开；…掉
The bird flew off. 鸟飞走了。
I must dash off. 我必须马上离开。
(2) （作表语）走掉；动身走
Are you really off? 你真要走吗？
I must be off now. 我必须要走。
(3) （和某些动词连用）…下去
Cut the end off. 把头切掉。
Mind you don’t fall off. 小心别掉下去。
(4)距离多远（时间；空间）
Summer is only a week off. 再有一个星期就到夏天了。
They live two blocks off. 他们离我们只有两个街区。
(5) 不工作；休息
The manager gave the staff a day off. 经理让员工休息一天。
If you finish your work today, you can have tomorrow off.. 如果你今天做完工作，我就让你明天休息一天。
11、I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.
我立刻感到高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着身后的地球越来越小，而前方的月球越来越大。
cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋
Cheer up! Things are not so bad as they seem. 别泄气，事情不像看起来那么糟。
The good news has cheered him up. 好消息让他精神振奋。
12、If you are right, my mass will be less than on the earth because the moon is smaller and I will be able to move more freely.
如果你正确，我的体重要比在地球上小，因为月球比地球小，这样我就能更自如活动了。
mass n. 一堆；一块；一团
In cold winter, the pond will become a solid mass of ice. 寒冷的冬天，池塘会变成一块坚硬的冰。
I found a mass of concret on the bed. 我在床上发现了一块水泥。
联想扩展：
（1）a mass of = masses of 大量的；许多
After harvest, we will have a mass of rice. 收获以后，我们会有大量的水稻。
I have masses of work to do today. 我今天又许多工作要做。
特别提示：
a mass of = masses of 表示“大量的；许多”时，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。
（2）the masses 群众
The masses are the true makers of history. 人民群众是历史的真正缔造者。
The party should rely on the masses. 党应该依靠群众。
（3）in the mass 一般来说
The work is well done in the mass. 大体上说工作做得不错。
13、Walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed. 由于引力变化了，步行都需要练习。
now that既然
Now that you have arrived, let’s start the meeting. 既然你们到了，我们开会吧。
because , since , as , for，now that; seeing that 由于，因为
Because
（1）because为从属连词，引导原因状语从句，表示直接而明确的原因或理由，语气最强；所引导的从句可放在主句之前，也可放在其后，但后者居多。
Jenny didn’t want to do that because her parents were very strict with her.
詹尼不想做那件事是由于她父母对她要求很严。
特别提示：
为了加强语气，because前还可以加某些副词，如only, just, simply等。
He didn’t answer my question only because he couldn’t.
他没有回答我的问题仅仅是因为他不会。
（2）because 能回答why的提问。
(3) because引导的从句可以用于强调句型。
It is because he is ill that he is absent. 他没来是由于他生病了。
Since和as
Since和as, now that; seeing that 引导的从句强调结果，不强调原因，因此，它们引导的从句一般放在句首。Since 比as 语气强，表示自然的因果关系，常被译为“既然”。as表示的原因语气最弱，常用于日常谈话中，讲话人认为某种理由很明显或对方很熟悉，不需要强调。
Since the two children were brought up in the south, they have never seen snow.
由于两个男孩在南方长大，他们没见过雪。
As it was getting very late, we soon turned back. 天晚了，我们很快回家。
For
并列连词for常被译为“因为”，但它并不说明原因，只表示一种附带的或补充的解释或说明，或者表示一种推理；for引导的从句不能放在句首。
We must start early, for we have a long way to go. 我们应该早点出发，因为我们又很远的路要走。
14、After a while I got the hang of it and we began to enjoy ourselves.
过了一会儿我就理解了，我们就开始尽情的玩耍。
get / have the hang of 学会使用；懂得
I can’t get the hang of his speech. 我们有弄懂他讲演的意思。
The new machine is very easy to operate, you will soon get the hang of it.
联想扩展：
give a hang about 对…有兴趣
I don’t give a hang about pop music. 我对流行音乐没兴趣。
15、We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased.
我们惊奇的看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。
break out
用法归纳：
（1）爆发
The economic crisis broke out first in the United States. 经济危机首先在美国爆发。
The First World War broke out in 1914. 第一次世界大战在1914年爆发。
（2）突然发生
Flu usually breaks out in winter. 流感一般发生在冬季。
A big fire broke out in the factory last night. 昨晚工厂发生大火。
（3）突然大声
People listening to the joke broke out laughing. 听笑话的人突然大笑起来。
联想扩展：
break…up 结束；拆开 break down 出故障；失败；身体垮了
break…down打到；破坏；消除
break off断开；折断；中断 break in闯入；打断；插话
break into 强行进入；打断
break through 冲过；克服；战胜
break up 驱散；分开；放假
即时活用：
News reports say peace talks between the two countries have ___ with no agreement reached.
A. broken down B. broken out C. broken in D. broken up答案：A
16、The spaceship warned Li Yanping and me to be ready as we were approaching the “black hole”.
当我们离黑洞越来越近的时候，宇宙飞船提醒我们让我们做好准备。
warn vt. 警告
用法归纳：
（1） warn sb. of / about sth. 警告 / 提醒某人某事
Black clouds warned us of the approaching storm. 乌云告知我们即将到来的暴风雪。
I warned him about the danger of climbing the mountain. 我提醒过他爬山的危险性。
（2） warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人（别）做某事
The teacher warned us to wear warm clothes tomorrow. 老师要我们明天穿暖和些。
The guide warned us not to swim in the river. 向导警告我们别在河里游泳。
（3）warn sb. against doing sth. 警告某人别做某事
She warned me against being over-confident. 她警告我别太自信。
Father often warns me against driving fast. 父亲常常提醒我开车别太快。
（4）warn sb. that… 警告；告诉某人可能发生某情况
I warn you that if you do this again you will be punished.
我警告你如果你再做这件事情你将会受到惩罚。
Haven’t I warned you that it was not allowed? 我没警告过你这不允许吗？
即时活用：
We are ____ by doctors to eat more natural food and take plenty of physical exercises.
A. suggested B. warned of C. informed D. advised 答案：D
Unit Five Canada—“The True North”
1、Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train west to east across Canada.
她们不想一路坐飞机，而决定先飞到温哥华，再从西海岸乘火车横穿加拿大到达东海岸。
rather than 与其…宁愿
He ran rather than walked. 他宁愿跑不愿走。
Rather than cause trouble, he left. 为了不引起麻烦，他离开了。
联想扩展：
（1）rather…than 是…而不是
This is rather for father to decide than for you. 这应该由爸爸决定而不是由你来决定。
（2）had / would rather 宁愿
I’d rather stay here a couple of days. 我想在这儿再呆几天。
I had rather you told the truth. 我宁愿的说实话。
特别提示：
“had / would rather 宁愿”后跟从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气，即过去式。
（3）would / had rather…than 宁愿…而不愿
I’d much rather deal with a man than with a woman. 我愿意和男人打交道，不愿和女人打交道。
即时活用：
1）I ____ play football than basketball.
A. would rather B. had better C. like better D. prefer 答案：A
2）He insisted on staying _________ back home.
A. rather than going B. rather than go
C. than going D. rather than to go 答案：A
3）– Shall I tell them the news?
---No, I would rather they _______ know.
A. won’t B. don’t C. wouldn’t D. didn’t答案：D
4）I’d go to hell _____stay with you.
A. than B. rather C. rather than D. better than 答案：C
5）In fact, Mary would rather have left for San Francisco ______ in Los Angeles .
A. by staying B. that stay C. than have stayed D. to stay 答案：C
6）_______ you rather sit by the window.
A. Don’t B. Will C. Wouldn’t D. Won’t 答案：C
2、That afternoon aboard the train, the cousins settled down in their seats.
那天下午表姐妹俩才登上火车落了座。
settle down
用法归纳：
（1）安稳坐下来
Father settled down to read a book. 父亲坐下来看书。
The students settled down to have their English class. 学生们坐下上英语课。
（2）安定下来；安居下来
We will drop in on you after we settle down. 安定下来后我们会去拜访你们。
After years of travelling, he decided to settle down. 旅行了很多年后，他决定定居下来。
（3）安静下来；平静下来
Please settle down, let’s start the meeting. 请安静下来，我们开会。
You just go out for a while and I will settle him down. 你出去一会儿，我来让他平静下来。
（4）开始过稳定生活
You should get married and settle down. 你应该结婚，开始安稳生活了。
Many people will settle down if they have a job. 如果有工作，许多人就能生活稳定。
3、Earlier that day, when they crossed the Rocky Mountains, they managed to catch sight of some mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle.
那天早一点的时候，当她们穿越洛基山脉的时候，她们看到了一些山羊，甚至还看到了一只灰熊和一只鹰。
manage vt.
用法归纳：
（1）设法完成
They at last managed to escape from the burning building. 他们最终设法从着火的大楼逃出来了。
How did you manage to hear it. 你是怎么设法听到那件事的？
特别提示
manage表示“设法完成”时，后面跟不定式。同学们一定要注意它和succeed“成功”的区别，
succeed后跟 in doing sth. 。
（2）经营；管理
This shop doesn’t belong to me, I only manage it. 商店不是我的，我只是在经营。
Who manages this hotel? 谁在管理这个饭店？
（3）吃得下；拿得动
Can you manage a big bowl of noodles? 你能吃完一大碗面条吗？
---Shall I take the suitcase for you? 我来给你提箱子？
---No, thanks, I can manage it myself. 谢谢，不用，我自己拿得动。
即时活用：
The Smiths were not rich , but they ______ to send their two daughters to collages .
A. tried B. managed C. attempted D. failed 答案：B
4、Earlier that day, when they crossed the Rocky Mountains, they managed to catch sight of some mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle.
那天早一点的时候，当她们穿越洛基山脉的时候，她们看到了一些山羊，甚至还看到了一只灰熊和一只鹰。
catch sight of 看见；看到
If you catch sight of Liu Qiang, ask him to come to school.如果你看到刘强，让他来学校。
I caught sight of a guy hurrying away, but I didn’t know he was a thief.
我看到一个小伙急急忙忙离开，但当时我不知道他是小偷。
联想扩展：
at first sight 看第一眼；乍一看
catch / have sight of 看见
lose sight of 看不见
at the sight of 在看到…时
in the sight of 在...看来 keep sight of 使能看到
in / within sight 在视线内 out of sight 看不见
即时活用：
1）For miles around me there was nothing but a desert, without a single plant or tree ______.
A. in sight B. on earth C. at a distance D. in place 答案：A
2）All of __ sudden , I caught __ sight of my English teacher in the crowd , smiling to me .I calmed down .
A. a ; 不填 B. a ; a C. 不填 ; a D. 不填 ； 不填 答案：A
3）The soldiers were ordered to shoot the enemy ______ .
A. on sight B. in sight C. within sight D. I seen 答案：A
5、Many of them have a gift for riding wild horses and can win thousands of dollars in prizes.
他们中的许多人都有骑野马的才能，如果获胜就能赢得几千美元的奖金。
have a gift for sth. / doing sth. 有…的天赋
Yao Ming has a gift for playing basketball. 姚明有打篮球的天赋。
I have no gift for foreigh languages. 我没有学外语的天赋。
联想扩展：
in the gift of…由…决定给予谁
The scholarship is in the gift of the school. 奖学金给谁是由学校决定的。
6、There was frost on the ground, confirming that fall had arrived in Canada.
地面上覆盖着一层薄霜，预示着秋天已经来到了加拿大。
confirm vt.
用法归纳：
（1）证实；肯定
The result of the experiment confirmed his prediction. 食言的结果证实了他的预测。
The teacher confirmed my answer. 老师肯定了我的回答。
（2）加强；坚定
China should confirm its measures to increase its economy. 中国应该坚强它增加经济的措施。
The news confirmed my resolution. 这消息加强了我的决心。
（3）批准；同意
The new law was confirmed by the people’s congress. 人代会批准了那个新法。
Do you think the school will confirm our proposal? 你认为学校会同意我们的建议吗？
7、Around noon they arrived in Toronto, the biggest and most wealthy city in Canada.
快到中午时，她们到了多伦多，加拿大最大、最富裕的城市。
wealthy adj. 富有；有钱
He grew up in a wealthy family. 他在一个富有的家里长大。
Who is the most wealthy one in our class? 我们班谁最有钱？
易混辨析：
rich; wealthy; well-to-do; well-off 富有；有钱
rich 指“有较多钱财的。”
wealthy 比rich强，指有大量钱财的。
well-to-do 没有rich强，更不如wealthy;指高于一般水平的
a well-to-do family 小康之家
well-off 相当富有的；富裕的。
8、In the distance, they could see the misty cloud that rose from the great Niagara Falls.
远处，她们可以看到尼亚加拉瀑布上方腾着的雾霭。
in the distance 在远处；远方的
The mountain looks smaller in the distance. 从远处看山变小了。
I can see a sparrow flying in the distance. 我能看到远处有只麻雀在飞。
联想扩展：
at a distance 在一定距离的地方
at a distance of 在…远的地方
from a distance 从一定远处
keep at a distance 保持一定距离
9、I’m a student at the university nearby. 我是附近一个大学的学生。
nearby 附近
用法归纳：
（1）作副词，在句中作状语
I gave my seat to an old man standing nearby. 我把座位让给了站在旁边的一个老人。
I often go to an Enligh corner in the park nearby. 我常常去附近公园里的英语角。
（2）作形容词，在句中作定语
They often climb the bearby hill on Sunday. 他们星期天常去爬附近的小山。
I go to a nearby school. 我在附近的一个学校上学。
10、impress
impress 给...留下…印象
The book didn’t impress me at all. 那本书没有给我留下任何印象。
The film impressed me very much. 那部电影给我留下的印象很深。
impress…on 使深深印在…
He impressed its improtance on them. 他使那件事的重要性深深地印在他们脑海里。
He has the power to impress his beliefs on others. 他有能力使他的信仰深深地印在别人的脑海里。
即时活用：
1）We were deeply ______ by what we had seen and heard at the mountain village.
A. impression B. impressed C. strike D. moving 答案：B
2）The speech by the mayor of Shanghai before the final voting for EXPO 2010 is strongly impressed ______ my memory .
A. to B. over C. by D. on 答案：D
