Unit 11 Could you please clean your room? 单元知识讲解辅导及 clean room

Unit 11 Could you please clean your room? 单元知识讲解辅导及练习新目标英语八年级上册第十一单元分析

内容提示

本单元围绕“Chores”开展教学活动,学习如何用情态动词could 礼貌地提出请求,如何礼貌地请求允许自

己做某事,并做出得体的回答;学习如何写留言条以请求他人的帮助。要求学生通过自我评估和个性化的学

习,进一步熟悉有关日常生活、社交礼仪等方面的话题,在实际生活中较熟练地运用英语进行沟通。

教学目标

1.语言技能目标

(1)能礼貌地提出请求,如:Could you take out the trash? Sure.

(2)能礼貌地请求允许做某事并能得体地回答,如:Could I borrow the car? Sorry, but I need it.

(3)能写留言条以表示对他人的感谢,如:Thanks for taking care of my dog.

2.语言知识目标

(1)正确运用情态动词could委婉地请求他人做某事,如:Could you please clean your room?

Yes, sure. / Could you please do the dishes? Sorry, I can’t. I have to do my homework.

(2)正确运用情态动词could委婉地请求许可做某事,如:Could I please go to the movie?

Yes, you can. / Could I please use the car? No, you can’t. I have to go out.

(3)学习并复习一些常用的短语,如:do the dishes, sweep the floor, take out the trash,

make your bed, fold your clothes, clean the living room, etc.

(4)掌握make和do的区别,如:I have to make the bed and do the laundry.

教材分析

本单元以Could you please clean your room为话题,共设计了三部分的内容:

一、Section A

该部分有4个模块。

第一模块围绕doing chores 这一话题展开思维( 1a)、听力(1b)、口语( 1c)训练;

第二模块围绕“提出请求和申请许可”这一内容进行听力( 2a-2b)、口语训练( 2c);

第三模块继续围绕前两个模块中的“doing chores”展开训练。训练形式为单词填空( 3a)和两人问答

(3b);

第四模块仍就上一话题展开讨论。

二、Section B

该部分有4个模块。

第一模块要求判断哪项家务是父母可以要求孩子做的,哪项是孩子可以要求父母做的;

第二模块在听力( 2a-2b)和分角色口语训练( 2c)的基础上,继续进行家务活动的训练;

第三模块围绕“the e-mail message”这一话题展开阅读( 3a)和写作(3b -3c)训练;

第四模块以party为话题展开小组活动。

三、Self Check

该部分有2个模块。

第一模块以填空形式对所学词汇进行训练;

第二模块为留言条写作练习。

课时安排

4课时

第一课时:Section A : 1a,1b,lc, 2a,2b, 2c

第二课时:Section A : Grammar focus, 3a, 3b, 4

第三课时:Section B: 1, 2a,2b, 2c, 3a

第四课时:Section B: 3b, 3c,4,Self Check

第一课时

教学目标

利用所学的语言目标makepoliterequests学习礼貌地提出请求,同时,通过小组活动,听力,角色表演

等了解西方的礼貌行为语言。

教学过程

一、导入(Lead-in)

1.教师展示几幅做家务的图片,让学生进行描述。

2.教师将所涉及到的短语展示在黑板或多媒体上,带领学生读两遍。

3.以同样的方式,引出更多的短语,教师一一将短语展示出来。

例:在上课时,教师展示扫地的图片。

T:Now,lookatpicture.Whatchoreishedoing?

S1:Heissweepingthefloor.

T:Verygood.Together,readtwice.

Ss:Sweepthefloor, sweepthefloor.

短语包括:(take out the trashmake the bedclean the living roomdo the laundryfold

the clothes )

说明:教师教知识,学生记知识,是一种填鸭式的教学,所以使学生全身心的投入到学习活动中,教师给了

足够的思考空间,这一环节我从短语入手,并适宜地将短语扩展到常用句型中来,将二者有机地结合

起来,真正做到了英语语言学习的‘词不离句’的认知规律。学生的积极参与,体现了教师驾驭课堂

的能力。

二、教学Section A-1a

1.对话形式复习上个环节的短语

例:T:Whatkindofchoresdo you doathome?

S1:Idothedishes.

S2:Imakemybed.

S3:Icleanmybike.

(Then,Ssaskandanswerbyeachother.)

2.竞赛游戏:

教师提问:谁还知道更多的家务活动。让学生四人一组,进行讨论,然后每组选出一名代表回答,看哪组的

最多,即为胜者。

答案:(eg: makedinner, cleanthewindow…)

3.猜谜游戏

新知传授环节,我采用游戏的形式,给学生一个整体的感知的教学思路,让学生了解学习的全过程及学习的

知识趣味性,使其能灵活地把握学习的主动权,从而充分体现了素质教育的宗旨。

例:T:Lookthere,(pointtothescreenofacomputer)

Ss:Sheisdoingthedishes?

T:No!

Ss:Sweepingthefloor?

T:Yes!

(Sslookatthecomputerandguessinthesameway)

4.操练:教师使用学生日常家务事对所学新知识进行操练,以旧带新, 以新温旧,一举两得。

例:T:Could you please dothedishes?

Ss:Yes, sure.

S1:Sorry, Ican’t.Ihavetotakeoutthetrash.

(Sspracticethesentencesinpairs)  向学生展示几幅图片,让学生编对话。提问几组,将对话表

演出来。

例:A: Laura, could you pleasesweepthefloor?

B: Yes, sure.

A: Rose, could you pleasetakeoutthetrash?

B: sorry, Ihaveto______.

三、教学SectionA-1b

1. 利用多媒体课件中SectionA-1b语音部分,播放对话语音,让学生听第一遍,按要求完成1b,再播放—

遍,教师检查学生答案,更正答案。

2.再播放—遍录音,学生跟读。

说明:训练学生的听选信息的能力,再让学生跟读,培养语流和语调。

四、教学Section A -1c

1.根据书中 1a前的图片, 模仿练习。

2.角色表演(roleplay)

假设你的奶奶将要来你家做客,编对话,一人Mom,一人Peter,用上could you please…

说明:角色表演不但巧妙的复习了听力部分所授新知识,同时也体现了师生平等民主的地位,和谐的师生关

系,体现学生是学习的主人。

五、教学Section A -2a, 2b, 2c

利用学习指导中中学英语人教课标版8年级课后提高中的多媒体课件中的Section A -2a, 2b进行下列教学活

动。

1.阅读 2a题目说明,学习短语。

stay out late, use the car, get a ride, go to a meeting, clean your room,

Read and repeat the phrases.

2. 听力训练 (Listening)。听第一遍,完成 2a,再听第二遍,完成2b部分,教师订正答案。

3. 跟读对话.

4. Pairwork

按照模仿 2c给出的对话模式,让学生进行对话。引导学生正确运用Could I please…句型。

六、作业(homework)

1. 记忆所学单词及短语。

2. 编对话,要求使用 “Could I please…?” and“ Could you please…?”.

3. 帮助父母做一些力所能及的家务。

第二课时

教学目标

1. Vocabulary: work on, laundry , do the laundry , wash .

2.Master and use: I like doing sth because…

I don’t doing sth because …

3.情感态度目标: 教育学生在人际交往中要有礼貌.

教学过程

一、导入(lead-in)

1.复习 doing chores

What kind of chores do you do at home?

How often do you do it?

2.复习句型: Could you please…? Could I please…?

3.相关练习(Chain drills)

Which group can ask and answer the most questions with different verb phrases?

A: Tom, could you please do the dishes?

B: Yes, sure. Ann, Could you…?

C: Sorry, I can’t. Jim…

D: …

说明:通过以上活动,有意识地复习前面学过的家务劳动短语和句型

使学生在完成任务的同时能有效地复习了前面学过的描述人、物的形容词。

二、教学 Grammar

1.模仿对话,复习could 表示礼貌地提出请求,礼貌地请求允许自己做某事。

2.语法讲解 :情态动词could的用法总结

could的否定形式是could not,多缩写为couldn't,

(1)表示能力,意思是:能,会。

Could you speak English then?那时你能讲英语吗?

He said he couldn't follow me.他说他跟不上我。

(2)表示可能性,意思是:可能。

That big cinema can seats 2,000 people.那家大电影院能坐2,000人。

He said he couldn't come.他说他不能来。

(3)提出请求、疑问或看法(could是虚拟语气,代替can,在时间上与can没有区别,只是语气比can委婉。

can语气直爽、肯定)。

----Could you let me have your passport?

----Yes, here it is.

(4)表示惊异、不信等情绪(用于疑问和否定句中,此时could与can用法相同,无时间上的差别,用could

语气缓和,情绪要弱)。

Who could have taken them?谁会把它们拿走了呢?

She couldn't have left so soon.她不可能这么快就走了。

(5)表示与事实相反的情况(用于虚拟语气)。

I would certainly do it for you if I could.要是我能做得到,我一定会为你们做这事儿。

How I wish I could go with you!我多么希望和你们一道去!

四、教学Section A -3a, 3b

1.用make或 do 填空,检查学生对短语的掌握,教师订正答案,并针对错误比较多的地方,重点强调。

2.以3b的对话为模式,运用3b的句型,让学生讨论喜欢或不喜欢干的事情及原因。

例:A: Do you like doing chores? Why?

B: Yes, I like doing … because it’s interesting

No, I hate doing…. because…

(No, I don’t like doing…)

五、教学Section A- 4

小组练习,每三人一组,每人将一种家务劳动写在一张卡片上。三人分饰爸爸、妈妈和孩子,利用卡片上提

示的家务活动,互相提问喜欢以及不喜欢,并给出原因。

六、作业(Homework)

以“My Busy Day ”为题目,写一篇作文,要求用上本单元所学短语,字数不能少于50.

第三课时

教学目标

a. 学习谈论家务

b. Could 用于提出请求;申请许可

c. 能够口头或书面描述日常活动 培养学生热爱劳动,帮助他人的传统美德

教学过程

一、导入(lead-in)

情景再现。

让两名学生站在全班同学面前,教师向其中一位展示一个家务活动的短语图片,并由他表演出来,然后让另

一名学生通过他的表演猜测是什么短语。

按照这种形式,向学生更多的图片,让其进行猜测。

说明:结合图片和猜谜,激发学生的好奇心,学生在轻松愉快的气氛中复习了知识,避免了单纯复习的枯

燥。

二、教学SectionB-1

1.1a这一环节介绍了本课的重点词汇,带学生阅读这些词汇,并给出对应的汉语意思。

2.学生自行完成 1a 部分,教师随机提问几名学生回答,然后教师订正答案。

3.运用 1a中的短语学生结组编对话,随机提问几组将所编对话展示出来。

例:T: Teenagers say, Could you clean your room?

S: No, I disagree. Parents say, Could you clean your room?

三、教学Section B -2a,2b

用学习指导中中学英语人教课标版9年级课后提高中的多媒体课件中的Section B -2a进行下列教学活动。

1. 要求学生快速阅读 2a,2b的要求,引导学生进行分析信息,听选相关信息。

2. 进行听力练习,学生根据录音内容完成 2a和 2b。如有错误,教师纠正答案。

3. 重放一遍录音内容,学生跟读。

说明:学生通过听力练习,进一步熟悉本课的目标语言

四、课上巩固

利用多媒体课件中的动画部分,引导学生与电脑中的模拟人物进行对话。

说明:不仅复习了本单元的语言目标,而且学生有身临其境的感觉,增加了学习的趣味性。

五、作业(homework)

英汉互译:

1.洗餐具__________________________________

2.处理琐事,干家务__________________________

3.购物__________________________________

4.take out the trash______________________

5.make the bed____________________________

6.fold your clothes__________________________

第四课时

教学目标

1.vocabulary : take care of , feed , mine , weren’t=were not

2.能力目标: 学习写留言条以请求他帮助.

教学过程

一、导入(lead-in)

1. 以小测验形式,复习重点短语。

do the dishes

sweep the floor

take out the trash

make the bed

fold the clothes

clean the living room

go to the movies

stay out late

use the car

get a ride

work on the computer

watch TV

do my homework

go to the meeting

need to eat breakfast.

2.小组合作展示对话,检查学生对目标语言的掌握。

例:A: Could you please buy some drinks and snacks?

B:...

3.小组讨论( Discussion)

How to take care of animals?

让学生自由发挥,说出自己的想法,为下个环节作好铺垫。

二、教学Section B -3a

1. 学习短语:take care of, feed , mine , weren’t=were not

2. 播放短文录音,让学生听语音,理解文章大意。

3. 让学生仔细阅读文章,完成表格。

4. 找出两名学生将答案写在黑板上,教师订正答案。

三、写作(writing)

1.根据提示模仿 3a,利用2b的信息内容,写一个留言条。

2.由学生自由发挥,写作时,教师指导写作方法,找一些学生将留言条读出。

说明:通过该活动用语言目标提供阅读和写作练习。

四、教学Section B – 3c

假设你将要搬入新家,给你的朋友写留言条以请求他门帮助。

五、教学Self Check

1. Self Check 1:

让学生用所给单词进行填空,检查答案,再用这些词语分别造句。

2. Self check 2学生自主完成。

六、教学巩固

口语训练Just for fun!

让学生利用有趣的图片,结合本单元的语言知识点,自由谈论图片的情节。

七、作业 (Homework)

1.记忆本课短语。

2.完成练习册。

T: Whatotherchoresdoyouknow?

新目标初二上第11单元教学提示

Unit 11 Could you please clean your room

1. could表示请求,语气委婉,显得有礼貌。

eg. Could you please clean your room ?

你可以打扫你的房间吗?

肯定回答:Yes , I can .是的,我可以。

Yes , sure / Yes , of course .

否定回答:Sorry , I can’t . I have to do my homework .

对不起,我不得不做作业。

另外Would you mind doing sth .也可表示请求。

eg . Would you mind cleaning your room ?

你介意去打扫你的房间吗?

No , I’d like to .不,我很乐意。

2. could表示请求许可,希望得到允许。

eg . Could I (please) go to the movies ?

我能去看电影吗?

肯定回答:Yes , you can .

Yes , sure .

当然可以。

否定回答:No , you can’t .不,不行。

Now make sentences using “could”and the following phrases .

(1)go to the movies去看电影

(2)stay out late在外面呆得很晚

(3)use the car使用汽车

(4)get a ride去骑车

(5)use your computer使用你的电脑

(6)borrow some money借些钱

(7)invite my friends to a party .邀请我的朋友参加晚会

(8)go to the store去商店

(9)use your CD player使用你的CD播放器

3. could与can的区别

could与can都是情态动词,could是can的过去式。二者都可用于表示请求。但是用法稍有不同。

can表示一般性的请求,语气随便,常用于熟人之间或长辈对晚辈,上级对下级的场合;

eg. Can you tell us your story , Tony ?

Tony,你能给我们讲讲你的故事吗?

could表示有礼貌的请求,语气委婉,常用于非熟人之间或晚辈对长辈,下级对上级的场合。

eg. Could you tell us if it snows in winter in Australia ?

Sure .

请告诉我们,澳大利亚冬天下雪吗?当然可以。

学习礼貌的提出请求

一、学习表示礼貌的提出请求:

◆请你 ...好吗?

Could you please +do sth? Could you +do sth?

Would you please +do sth? Would you +do sth?

◆肯定回答:

Sure . (当然可以)Of course . (当然可以)

No problem.(没问题) I'd love to.(我很乐意)

◆否定回答:

Sorry.(对不起) I'd love to (我很乐意).but I have to /must/should ....

e.g.:

▲1、A:你能打扫一下我们的院子吗?

Could you please clean our yard?

B:当然。我很乐意。

Sure.I'd love to.

C:对不起。我很乐意。但我必须首先做作业。

Sorry.I'd love to .But I have to do my homework first.

▲2、请你打开灯好吗?

Would you please turn on the light?

▲3、请关上门好吗?

Would you close the door?

◆ 二、学习请求允许:

◆ 我能.。。。吗?/我们能。。。吗?

Could I /we+do sth? Could I /we please +do sth?

◆肯定回答:

Sure . (当然可以)Of course . (当然可以)

No problem.(没问题) Yes, you can .(是的你可以)

◆否定回答:

Sorry.(对不起)./No, you can't.(不,不行)

You have to /must /should ...first.

e.g.:

▲我可以借你的车吗?

Could I borrow your car?

watch TV?

go swimming?/go fishing?/go camping?/go shopping

play soccer?

go to the movies?

关于to的用法

(1)介词to,有多种含义,to后面加名词或代词。

a. 向(某处),去(某地)

eg. All roads lead to Rome .

条条大路通罗马。

Let’s go to the movies .

让我们去看电影吧。

b. 到(某时间或数量)

eg. It’s ten to four by my watch .

我的表是四点差十分。

Don’t leave things to the last moment .

不要把事情都推到最后一刻才做。

c. 向,为

eg. I’ll speak to him about it .

我去和他谈这件事

eg. Happy New Year !—The same to you !

彼此彼此。

d. 对

eg. He is always polite to us .

他一向对我们有礼貌。

(2)to做为动词不定式的标志,to +动词原形。

动词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式。to可以为其标志。也就是说,to后面如果加动词,或助动词,一定要加原形。

下面把我们学过的一些关于to的短语总结一下:

have to do sth不得不,必须做某事

need to do sth需要做某事

hate to do sth讨厌做某事

like to do sth喜欢做某事

want to do sth想做某事

love to do sth热爱做某事

forget to do sth忘记做某事

start to do sth开始做某事

begin to do sth开始做某事

ask sb to do sth请某人做某事

讲解Unit 11Could you please clean your room?

单元焦点

一、知识技能

你能熟记下列常用表达方式并灵活运用吗?

1.do the dishes

2.sweep the floor

3.take out the trash

4.fold your clothes

5.clean the living room

6.do chores

7.get a ride

8.play with sb.

9.forget to do sth.

10.do the laundry

11.hate to do (doing) sth.

12.take care of= look after

13.make dinner

14.make your bed

15.invite sb to a place

16.take sb. for a walk

17.give sb sth.=give sth to sb

18. Could you please clean your room? Yes, sure.

19. Could I please use the car? No, you can’t. I have to go out.

二、文化背景,交际策略

1. —Peter, could you please take out the trash?请你把垃极倒掉好吗?

—Sure, Mom.可以,妈妈。

—Could you please do the dishes? 请洗盘子好吗?

—Sorry, I can’t. I have to do my homework.抱歉,我不能。我得做作业。

(1)在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中,常用could代替can,以表示礼貌,委婉或不确定的语气,而can则不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能把could看作can的过去式。以上两句中用could是为了表示礼貌的请求。表示请求帮助或请求允许时,除了can, could之外,还可以用may,句子的表达方式也各有不同,可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。例:

①Could/Can/May I use your car for a day?

②I wonder if I could use your car for a day?

③Do you mind if I use your car for a day?

对于①、②句所作允答可以各种各样,如同意可以说Yes,或Sure或Certainly,还可说Yes, (do) please. 或Of course. (you may/can). 或That’s OK/all right. 如果不同意,可以说I’m sorry you can’t. 或I’m really sorry, but I have to use it today. 要避免说No, you can’t. 这样显得很不礼貌。否定回答通常用委婉语气。对于句(3)所作回答可以说Never mind. /Not at all. 表“不介意”。不能用Yes. /Sure. /Of course. /Certainly.等。

无论肯定还是否定应答中,要避免使用could,要用can或may。因为应答须用确定的语气。而could在表请求的问句中是为了表示礼貌或委婉语气,用在应答中则成了不确定语气,与情理不符。所以应答中不说Yes, you could. 或No, you couldn’t. 而要说Yes, you can. 或Sorry. /No, you can’t.

(2).区别动词do和make。

“do”与动作及非实质性的事连用,与词尾是-ing的动作名词连用,如:do the dishes(洗餐具),do my homework(做我的家庭作业),do chores(做家务,处理琐事),do the laundry(洗衣),do the shopping(购物),do some reading(读书)

“make”表示“做、制造”、“整理”、“冲、泡(饮料)”等,如:

make your bed(铺床),make breakfast(做早餐),make dinner(做晚饭),make tea(泡茶,沏茶),make myself a cup of coffee(给自己冲一杯咖啡)

(3)take out 带出(人),取出(物);take out of 从……里取出

(4).trash n.(Am .E) rubbish n.( Bri. E ) 不可数名词,垃圾;废物

三.学法引导:

1.本单元的焦点话题是学会用could婉转提出请求和征求对方许可.

2. 学习如何争得别人的允许或许可.

3. 能写出一篇短信, 要求你的朋友或家人当你不在时为你所做的事情.

知识链接:

1. I hate to do chores.我不喜欢做家务。

(1)do chores.= do housework做家务

(2)hate vt. “不喜欢,讨厌、恨”,没有进行时。hate to do sth或hate doing sth厌恶做某事,to do更多表示具体的一次性的动作,而doing更多表示习惯性,经常的一般的动作。这与like后接to do或doing的用法一样。 hate sb./sth 讨厌某人/某事

I enjoy cooking but hate washing dishes.我喜欢做饭,但是我不喜欢洗盘子。

I like swimming but I hate to swim today.我喜欢游泳,但今天我讨厌游泳。

2. Could I invite my friends to a party on Saturday?我能请我的朋友参加聚会吗?

invite vt. “邀请”,意同ask,但invite更正式。

①invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事。

e. g. They invited me to join their club.他们邀请我参加俱乐部。

②invite sb. to place. 邀请某人到某地

③invitation n. 邀请

e. g. Thanks for your invitation. 谢谢你的邀请。

Thank you for asking /inviting me.

3. Thanks for taking care of my dog.

“take care of”“照顾、照料、注意”,意思侧重于负责任的意思,后面的宾语可以是表示人或事物的名词或代词。

e. g. Mother takes good care of her children.妈妈照顾好她的孩子。

It’s not easy to take care of the sick.照顾病人是不容易的。

Take good care of the books.保管好这些书。

注:look after一般情况下可替换take care of,意思上强调看管或照料。

I have to look after my at home.我不得不在家照顾我妈妈。

4. I’m going to move to a new house.

move to /into … 搬到,搬入……

e. g. They moved into the new apartment last week.上星期他们搬到新的公寓。

Later his family moved to New York.后来他一家搬到纽约。

5.. I need some help.我需要帮助。

We need to clean the house.我们需要打扫房子。

help 作名词为不可数名词。

need作动词用法:need sth. /sb, need to do sth.

need还可用作情态动词,“必须”,否定形式“needn’t”,后跟动词原形。

You needn’t call him at once.你不需要马上打电话。

need作名词时指“需要,必需”时为不可数名词,指“必需品,要求”时常用复数。

e. g. There’s no need to do that. 不需要做那事。

6.borrow some money借钱 borrow( 借进,借入),其反义词为lend(借出)

borrow sth. from sb.向某人借某物

lend sb. sth==lend sth to sb.把…...借给某人

You can borrow some money from your brother.你可以向你哥哥借些钱。

Can you lend me your bike?你能借给我你的自行车吗?

注意在表达“借了多长时间”时,既不能用 borrow 也不能用lend

因为他们是终止性动词,要用keep.例如:

.How long may I keep the book?这本书我可以借多长时间?

7...How often do you clean your room?你多长时间打扫一次房间?

Every day/ seldom/ once /Every other day /每天/几乎不/一天一次/每隔一天

注意How often多么经常/ How soon多快 /How long多么长时间 /How far….多远

How soon will the dinner be ready? In ten minutes.晚饭还有多长时间做好?十分钟后。

解题点拨:

[例1] 10. I want to_________ some money from you. Could you _______ it to me?

A. borrow, lend B. lend, borrow C. borrow, keep D. keep ,borrow

[解析] 此题考查 borrow(借进),和lend(借出), 故答案为A

[例2] .—Mum, Could I go shopping with you?

—Yes, ________. But you have to finish your homework first.

A. you can B. you could C. you can’t D. You couldn’t

[解析] 此题考查Could 表示请求时的答语。因而答案是 A。

新目标初二上第11单元教学重难点突破

Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?

一 . [话题](Topic)

Ask for permission politely Request politely Ask for permission

二 .[重点词组](Key Phrases)

1. do the dishes 洗餐具

2. sweep the floor 打扫地板

3. take out the trash 倒垃圾

4. make the bed 铺床

5. fold your clothes .

6. clean the living room 打扫客厅

7. stay out late 在外面呆得很晚。

8. use the car 用一下车

9. get a ride 搭车

10. work on 从事、忙于

11. have a test 有个考试

12. do chores 做家务

13. hate some chores 讨厌做一些家务。

hate sweeping the floor . 讨厌扫地。

14. make breakfast 做早餐。

15. do the laundry 洗衣服

16. do the shopping = go shopping 购物

do some washing = wash some clothes . 洗衣服。

do some cleaning = clean the house . 打扫卫生。

17. borrow (money ) from sb . 从某人那儿借(钱)...

18. buy some snacks 买一些小吃

19. invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事

invite sb to a party 邀请某人到晚会去。

20. I disagree with you . 我不同意你。

21. Thanks for taking care of my dog . 谢谢照顾我的狗。

22. take the dog for a walk 遛狗。

23. wash the bowl 洗碗

24. be in 在家=be at home .

如:You weren't in yesterday . 昨天你不在家。

25. have some favors to ask you . 有一些事求你帮忙。

Would you please do me a favor . 你能帮我个忙吗?

三 .[交际用语]

1. Could you please take out the trash ? 你能把垃圾倒掉吗?

sure . 当然可以。

2. Could I borrow the car ?

我能借你的车吗?

Sorry , but I need it . I have to go to a meeting .

对不起,我要用它。我必须去参加一个会议。

3. I have to make the bed and do the laundry .

我不得不铺床,洗衣服。

4. I need to eat breakfast .

我需要吃早饭。

四. [重点难点释义](Language Points)

1. could表示请求,语气委婉,显得有礼貌。

eg. Could you please clean your room ?

你可以打扫你的房间吗?

肯定回答:Yes , I can .是的,我可以。

Yes , sure / Yes , of course .

否定回答:Sorry , I can’t . I have to do my homework .

对不起,我不得不做作业。

另外Would you mind doing sth .也可表示请求。

eg . Would you mind cleaning your room?

你介意去打扫你的房间吗?

No , I’d like to .不,我很乐意。

2. could表示请求许可,希望得到允许。

eg . Could I (please) go to the movies ?

我能去看电影吗?

肯定回答:Yes , you can .

Yes , sure .

当然可以。

否定回答:No , you can’t .不,不行。

Now make sentences using "could"and the following phrases .

(1)go to the movies去看电影

(2)stay out late在外面呆得很晚

(3)use the car使用汽车

(4)get a ride去骑车

(5)use your computer使用你的电脑

3. could与can的区别

could与can都是情态动词,could是can的过去式。二者都可用于表示请求。但是用法稍有不同。

can表示一般性的请求,语气随便,常用于熟人之间或长辈对晚辈,上级对下级的场合;

eg. Can you tell us your story , Tony ?

Tony,你能给我们讲讲你的故事吗?

could表示有礼貌的请求,语气委婉,常用于非熟人之间或晚辈对长辈,下级对上级的场合。

eg. Could you tell us if it snows in winter in Australia ?

Sure .

请告诉我们,澳大利亚冬天下雪吗?当然可以。

4. 关于to的用法

(1)介词to,有多种含义,to后面加名词或代词。

a. 向(某处),去(某地)

eg. All roads lead to Rome .

条条大路通罗马。

Let’s go to the movies .

让我们去看电影吧。

b. 到(某时间或数量)

eg. It’s ten to four by my watch .

我的表是四点差十分。

Don’t leave things to the last moment .

不要把事情都推到最后一刻才做。

c. 向,为

eg. I’ll speak to him about it .

我去和他谈这件事

eg. Happy New Year !—The same to you !

彼此彼此。

d. 对

eg. He is always polite to us .

他一向对我们有礼貌。

(2)to作为动词不定式的标志,to +动词原形。

动词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式。to可以为其标志。也就是说,to后面如果加动词,或助动词,一定要加原形。

下面把我们学过的一些关于to的短语总结一下:

have to do sth 不得不,必须做某事

need to do sth 需要做某事

hate to do sth 讨厌做某事

like to do sth 喜欢做某事

want to do sth 想做某事

love to do sth 热爱做某事

forget to do sth 忘记做某事

start to do sth 开始做某事

begin to do sth 开始做某事

ask sb to do sth 请某人做某事

Ex:Fill in the blanks

1. Mom ___________(想成为)an artist when she was a girl .

2. I’m so sorry that I ___________(忘记写)a letter to you .

3. Lucy __________(喜欢吃)healthier food .

4. Why did you _________(请Bob来唱歌)in our party ?

5. He ____________(开始学习)the accordion at the age of 4 .

6. You ____________(需要做)more exercises every day .

Keys:

1. wanted to be 2. forgot to write 3. likes to eat

4. ask Bob to sing 5. began to learn 6. need to do

五.语法知识

表示请求、允许、许可

表示允许时用can, could, may, might表达。它们没有时态上的差别,只是could比can,

might比may语气上要客气。(用can或could表示“许可”,虽然很普通,但在正式、庄重的场合用may。)

例如:

●A: Could I borrow your dictionary?   劳驾,我可以借你的字典用用吗?

B: Yes, of course (you can).      当然可以。

●Can表示“允许、许可”时,和may的意思相近,即can=may.

此时的否定式是can’t (=must not)

●Could/Can you please tell me how to get to the post office?

劳驾,您能告诉我怎么去邮局吗?

●Mr Li asked me whether I could go with him.

李先生问我是否可以和他一起去。

(此句中的could不能用can代替。)

表示请求时还可以用句型:Will/Would you …? 请(为我)……好吗?

该句型用于请求对方做某事。 Would you…?比较客气。语气比Will you…?要委婉。

例如:

●Will you pass me the spoon? 请把勺子递给我好吗?

●Would you lend me your dictionary? 请借你的词典用一下好吗?

答句为:

Yes, I will. 是的,可以。

Sure.    当然了。

All right.  好啊。

Certainly.  当然可以。

Yes, please. 好的,可以。

No, I won’t. 不,不行。

I’m sorry. I can’t. 对不起,不行。

No, thank you.    不了,谢谢。

●Shall I …? 我要…吗?

Shall we…? 我们一起 …好吗?

Shall we…? 与Let’s…. 意思上很相近。

Shall I carry it for you? 我来帮你搬它好吗?

Yes, please./ Yes, thank you.  好吧。/好吧,谢谢。

Shall we sing a song?  我们唱一支歌好吗?

No, let’s not. 不,别唱了。

新目标英语八年级教学笔记 unit 11

Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?

Language Goal

Ask for permission politely

Request politely

Ask for permission

Do the dishes. Take out the trash. Do your parents say these things to you? Of course they do. Why? Well, someone has to do it. They're chores - small everyday duties. You may get money for doing a chore, you may not. Your parents may tell you to do it, or they may not. Parents and other people don't always give commands. Sometimes they ask. How do you ask politely? In English, the word could is often used for requests. Remember when your friend invited you to her party? or the time you asked your parents if you might stay up late? If you use could, it's a nice way of asking permission. And when your mom yells "Could you make your bed?" she's asking you "politely" to do a chore. So what are chores?

Warming up

1.What chores do you do everyday?

2.How do you ask for permission to do something in your language?

3.What chores do you do sometimes?

Vocabulary and phrases

1. do the dishes 洗餐具

2. sweep the floor 打扫地板

3. take out the trash 倒垃圾

4. make the bed 铺床

5. fold your clothes .

6. clean the living room 打扫客厅

7. stay out late 在外面呆得很晚。

8. use the car 用一下车

9. get a ride 搭车

10. work on 从事、忙于

11. have a test 有个考试

12. do chores 做家务

13. hate some chores 讨厌做一些家务。

hate sweeping the floor . 讨厌扫地。

14. make breakfast 做早餐。

15. do the laundry 洗衣服

16. do the shopping = go shopping 购物

do some washing = wash some clothes . 洗衣服。

do some cleaning = clean the house . 打扫卫生。

17. borrow (money ) from sb . 从某人那儿借(钱)...

18. buy some snacks 买一些小吃

19. invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事

invite sb to a party 邀请某人到晚会去。

20. I disagree with you . 我不同意你。

21. Thanks for taking care of my dog . 谢谢照顾我的狗。

22. take the dog for a walk 遛狗。

23. wash the bowl 洗碗

24. be in 在家=be at home .

如:You weren't in yesterday . 昨天你不在家。

25. have some favors to ask you . 有一些事求你帮忙。

Would you please do me a favor .

你能帮我个忙吗?

Target Language

1. Could you please take out the trash ?

你能把垃圾倒掉吗?

sure .当然可以。

2. Could I borrow the car ?

我能借你的车吗?

Sorry , but I need it . I have to go to a meeting .

对不起,我要用它。我必须去参加一个会议。

3. I have to make the bed and do the laundry .

我不得不铺床,洗衣服。

4. I need to eat breakfast .

我需要吃早饭。

Language points:

1. could表示请求,语气委婉,显得有礼貌。

eg. Could you please clean your room ?

你可以打扫你的房间吗?

肯定回答:Yes , I can .是的,我可以。

Yes , sure / Yes , of course .

否定回答:Sorry , I can't . I have to do my homework .

对不起,我不得不做作业。

另外Would you mind doing sth .也可表示请求。

eg . Would you mind cleaning your room ?

你介意去打扫你的房间吗?

No , I'd like to .不,我很乐意。

2. could表示请求许可,希望得到允许。

eg . Could I (please) go to the movies ?

我能去看电影吗?

肯定回答:Yes , you can .

Yes , sure .

当然可以。

否定回答:No , you can't .不,不行。

Now make sentences using "could"and the following phrases .

(1)go to the movies去看电影

(2)stay out late在外面呆得很晚

(3)use the car使用汽车

(4)get a ride去骑车

(5)use your computer使用你的电脑

(6)borrow some money借些钱

(7)invite my friends to a party .邀请我的朋友参加晚会

(8)go to the store去商店

(9)use your CD player使用你的CD播放器

3. could与can的区别

could与can都是情态动词,could是can的过去式。二者都可用于表示请求。但是用法稍有不同。

can表示一般性的请求,语气随便,常用于熟人之间或长辈对晚辈,上级对下级的场合;

eg. Can you tell us your story , Tony ?

Tony,你能给我们讲讲你的故事吗?

could表示有礼貌的请求,语气委婉,常用于非熟人之间或晚辈对长辈,下级对上级的场合。

eg. Could you tell us if it snows in winter in Australia ?

Sure .

请告诉我们,澳大利亚冬天下雪吗?当然可以。

4. 关于to的用法

(1)介词to,有多种含义,to后面加名词或代词。

a. 向(某处),去(某地)

eg. All roads lead to Rome .条条大路通罗马。

Let's go to the movies .让我们去看电影吧。

b. 到(某时间或数量)

eg. It's ten to four by my watch .我的表是四点差十分。

Don't leave things to the last moment .不要把事情都推到最后一刻才做。

c. 向,为

eg. I'll speak to him about it .我去和他谈这件事

eg. Happy New Year !—The same to you !彼此彼此。

d. 对

eg. He is always polite to us .他一向对我们有礼貌。

(2)to做为动词不定式的标志,to +动词原形。

动词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式。to可以为其标志。也就是说,to后面如果加动词,或助动词,一定要加原形。

下面把我们学过的一些关于to的短语总结一下:

have to do sth不得不,必须做某事

need to do sth需要做某事

hate to do sth讨厌做某事

like to do sth喜欢做某事

want to do sth想做某事

love to do sth热爱做某事

forget to do sth忘记做某事

start to do sth开始做某事

begin to do sth开始做某事

ask sb to do sth请某人做某事

Ex:Fill in the blanks

1. Mom ___________(想成为)an artist when she was a girl .

2. I'm so sorry that I ___________(忘记写)a letter to you .

3. Lucy __________(喜欢吃)healthier food .

4. Why did you _________(请Bob来唱歌)in our party ?

5. He ____________(开始学习)the accordion at the age of 4 .

6. You ____________(需要做)more exercises every day .

Keys:

1. wanted to be 2. forgot to write 3. likes to eat

4. ask Bob to sing 5. began to learn 6. need to do

Section A 解析及拓展

Language Goals:语言目标:

·Make politerequests提出礼貌请求

·Ask forpermission请求许可/征求同意

—Peter,couldyou pleasetake outthetrash?

①②③

彼得,请把垃圾倒掉好吗?

—Sure, Mom.可以,妈妈。

①could能、会,是can的过去式,但在这里不表示过去,表示说话者的语气更客气、委婉。

▲Could you please+动词原形?意为“请你干……好吗?”表示说话人非常有礼貌,语气非常温和。答语可以用Yes,sure./Yes,I can./Certainly.等。

—Could you please open the window?请打开窗好吗?

—Sure.可以。

②take out取出,拔出,除掉;out是副词,名词放在out前或后都可以,

但若是代词,须放在take与out之间。如:

Please take out a piece of paper.请拿出一张纸来。

Please take it out.请把它取出。

【扩展】

掌握take有关短语:

▲take off脱下;(飞机)起飞

Please take off your coat. It's warm here.

这儿暖和,请脱掉大衣。

The plane took off at 9∶00 a.m

飞机上午9时起飞的。

▲take away拿走,取走

I don't like these books. Please take them away.

我不喜欢这些书,请拿走。

▲take…to…把……带到……去

I want to take some books to the library.

我想把这些书带到图书馆去。

▲take sb. for a walk带某人散步

My parents often take me for a walk.

我父母经常带我去散步。

▲take exercises运动、锻炼

You have to take more exercises.你得多锻炼。

▲take one's time不急,慢慢干

Please take your time. We have a little time.

不急,我们还有点时间。

▲take a bus(ship/train…)乘公共汽车(轮船/火车……)

▲take turns轮流、替换

Please take turns to ask questions.

请轮流提问问题。

▲take-away adj.可带走的

This take-away food is very popular.

这种可带走的食物很受欢迎。

▲It takes sb. time/money to do sth.某人花时间(金钱)干某事。

It'll take you half an hour to get to the hospital.

你将花半个小时到达医院。

③trash n.不可数名词,废料;废物;垃圾

Please don't throw about the trash.不要乱扔垃圾。

1aDo you do these choresat home? Circle“yes”or“no”.Then ask your partner.



你在家做这些家务吗?用圈在"yes"或“no”处圈出。然后问你的同伴。

①at home在家中go home回家

at school在学校go to school上学

【注】在以上两组短语中,home和school前不加冠词the。

chores



家庭杂物

you

your Partner

Peter’s choreor



Mom’s chore

dothe dishes



洗盘子

yes

no

yes

no

M

sweep thefloor



扫地板

yes

no

yes

no

take out the trash

倒垃圾

yes

no

yes

no

makeyour bed



铺床

yes

no

Unit 11 Could you please clean your room? 单元知识讲解辅导及 clean room
yes

no

foldyour clothes



叠衣服

yes

no

yes

no

cleanthelivingroom

⑦⑧

打扫起居室

yes

no

yes

no

②chore n.杂物,一般用作复数

do the chores做家务

do the house work做家务

housework是不可数名词

I often help my mother do the chores。也可以说:

I often help my mother do the house work.我经常帮妈妈做家务活。

③do v.做;收拾,整理

a.助词与not连用构成否定句。

I do not(don't)know his name.

我不知道他的姓名。

b.放在主语前构成疑问句。

What did she say?她说什么了?

c. vt.做,干;行动;研究,学习

do a lot of work做大量工作

do one's lessons做功课

d.代替其他动词,以避免重复。

She sings better than I do(=sing).她比我唱得好。

e. have something (nothing) to do with与……有(无)关系

I have nothing to do with it.我与这件事无关。

do the room整理房间

do one's hair做头发

④floor n.地面,地板,指室内的地面

ground是指室外的地面

sweep the floor扫地板

sweep the ground扫地(室外)

▲(楼房的)层:

the library has seven floors.图书馆有7层。

【注】关于“楼层”英美两国有不同的用法:

一楼

二楼

三楼

英:

the ground floor

the first floor

the second floor

美:

the first floor

the second floor

the third floor

⑤make vt.

a.做,制造,制作:

make a boat造船

make the bed铺床

make a fire生火

▲b.同名词连用“做出(某种举动)”:

make a telephone call打电话

make faces做鬼脸

make friends交朋友

make dumplings包饺子

▲c. made+宾语+动词原形“使得;叫”

They made him do so.他们叫他这样做。

They made us laugh.他们使得我们大笑。

⑥fold vt.折叠,折合:

fold a letter折信

fold up a newspaper折叠报纸

▲合拢:fold one's hands合掌with folded arms交臂、拱着双手

▲folding adj.可折叠的

a folding umbrella折叠伞

a folding chair叠椅

⑦clean vt.弄干净,除去……的污垢

clean the teeth刷牙

clean the blackboard擦黑板

clean out清理

clean up收拾整洁

He has cleaned up his room.他已收拾干净他的房间。

▲clean adj.干净的,洁净的

clean white shirts干净洁白的衬衣

Our classroom is very clean every day.我们的教室每天都很整洁。

⑧the living room居住室

the sitting room起居室

the reading room阅览室

the waiting room候车室/候诊室

⑨or conj.或者,还是

Is your friend a boy or a girl?

你朋友是男孩还是女孩?

—Is it Lucy or lily?她是露西还是莉莉?

—I don't know. They look the same.我不知道。她俩看起来一个样。

Peter's chore or Mom's chore?

彼得的家务还是妈妈的家务?

▲不然的话,否则:

Hurry or you'll be late.快点,要不然你就迟到了。

1bListen in the chart above. Write“M”next to Mom's chores and“P”next toPeter's



chores.听录音,在上面的表格中,靠近“妈妈的家务”

标出“M”靠近“彼得的家务”标上“P”。

▲next to靠近、紧挨着:He sits next to Mary.他坐在玛丽旁边。

1cPAIRWORK结对练习

Look atthe picture above.Ask your partner to do the chores that you see.



看上面的图画,请你的朋友做你看见的那些家务。

A: Could you please sweep the floor?请你扫地好吗?

B: Yes, sure.是的,可以。

相关答案链接:

A: Could you please do the dishes?

B: Yes, I can.

①look at看:Please look at the blackboard.请看黑板。

【辨析】watch,look与see

▲watch指欣赏娱乐活动,欣赏比赛等场面时,用watch: watch TV看电视,watch the football match看足球赛

▲look指有意识地看,不强调看的结果。若后面需要跟动词宾语,则用at,再跟宾语。

Please look at the blackboard.请看黑板。

Look! What's this?看!这是什么?

▲see强调看的结果。不管有意识还是无意识地看,都用see。

I saw Li Lei in the park yesterday。昨天我在公园里看见李磊了。

▲另外,see还有“看望”的意思:

I'm going to see my uncle next week.下周我要去看望叔叔。

▲see sb.do sth.看见某人干某事

see sb.doing sth.看见某人在干某事

I often see Li Ping play football.我经常看见李平踢足球。

Li Ping saw an old man get on a bus.李平看见一位老人上了车。

2aListen. Peter asks his father if he can do four things. What does his father say? Check(√)“yes”or“no”.

听录音。彼得询问他父亲是否能干四件事情。他爸爸说什么呢?在“yes"或者“no”处标上(√)。

Peterwantsto…



彼得想……

Peter’s fathersays…



彼得的父亲说……

His father's reasons

他父亲的理由

go to themovies



去看电影

—yes—no

I have to go to a meeting.

我必须去开一个会。

stayout late

③ ④

在外呆到很晚

—yes—no

Youhave toclean your room.



你必须打扫房间。

usethe car



使用小汽车

—yes—no

Ineedto eat breakfast.



我必须吃早饭。

getaride

⑥⑦

骑自行车

—yes—no

Youhave a testtomorrow.

11

明天你有个测试。

①want v.想,想要:He wants a book.他想要本书。

▲want to do sth.想干某事。

Peter wants to stay out.彼得想呆在外面。

I want to Buy a pen.我想买支钢笔。

▲want sb.to do sth.要某人干某事。

My father wants me to clean my room.我爸要我打扫我的房间。

②movie n.电影,film也是“电影”的意思。

the movies电影院go to the movies去看电影

be at the movies在看电影院

We often go to the movies(the cinema).我们经常去看电影。

They are at the movies(=They are at the cinema.)他们在看电影。

③out adv.在外面,是动态词,常与动词一起连用。look out向外看,

go out出去,out反义词是in。

▲outside prep.“在外面”,是静态词,经常与名词连用。

outside the classroom在教室外

outside the door在门外

outside的反义词是inside。

④late adj.& adv.晚的,晚

It's very late. We must go home.

天很晚了,我们必须回家。

▲“be late for+名词”,迟到

I was late for school yesterday.

昨天我上学迟到了。

▲later on后来

The sun will come out later on,太阳过后就出来。

⑤use vt.使用:use a pen用钢笔

▲use sth.to do用……做

We use a pen to write.我们用钢笔写字。

▲use的形容词是useful有用的:a useful book一本有用的书

⑥get v.

a.成为,变得;后面跟形容词

The days are getting longer in spring.在春季,白天变长。

You are getting young.你变年轻了。

b.收到,得到:

I got a letter this morning.今天上午我收到一封信。

c.(用在have got短语中)有

I have got three English books.我有3本英语书。

d.到达(常与to连用):

I got to Shanghai late yesterday.昨天我很晚到上海。

▲get有关短语:

get back返回

get down下来

get in进入

get off下车

get on上车

get up起床

get on with与……相处,进展顺利

I get on very well with my classmates.我与同学相处得很好。

How are you getting on with your English?你的英语进展如何?

⑦ride n.骑车或骑马等旅行

a bike ride骑自行车旅行

a bus ride乘公交车旅行

▲认骑车(马):ride a bike骑自行车

I ride a bike to school everyday.我每天骑自行车上学。

⑧Peter's“彼得的”,是名词所的格的标志。

▲名词所有格

a.表示人或有生命东西的所有格,单数用-'s,复数只加-'(若复数名词不是以s结尾的,仍用-'s)。

This is Miss Chen's house,这是陈小姐家。

That's the teachers’ office.那是老师们的办公室。

These are children’s clothes.这些是儿童服装。

b.如果一样东西两人共有,则只在最后一个名词的词尾加-'s;如果表示各自所有,则两个名词词尾都要加-'s。

He's Lucy and Lily's father.他是露茜和莉莉的父亲。(共同所有)

These are Bill's and Tom's bags.

这是比尔和汤姆的书包。(分别所有)

⑨have to必须,不得不。后面跟动词原形。

We have to go now.我们不得不现在就离开。

have to有人称、数和时态的变化。

He has to work on Sunday.星期日他不得不工作。

He had to work hard last year.去年他不得不努力工作。

have to的否定形式、疑问形式要借助动词do来完成。

You don't have to stop.你不必停下来。

—Do you have to do your homework?你必须做作业吗?

—Yes, I do.是的。/No, I don't不,不必。

⑩need名词“需要,必需”,是不可数名词,常与there be结构连用。

There is no need to worry.不必烦恼。

有时与介词连用,用在谚语中。

A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难朋友才是真朋友。

▲实义动词,需要;必要。后面跟名词、动名词和动词不定式,有人称和数的变化。

Li Lei needs an English-Chinese dictionary.

李磊需要一本英汉字典。

This machine needs mending.这台机器需要修理。

The children don't need to go to school on Sundays.

孩子们星期天不必上班。

11have a test测试

▲掌握have的有关短语:

have a look看一看

have a cold感冒

have a try试一试

have a rest休息

have a meeting开会

have a talk谈话

have a good time过得愉快

have got(=have)有

have a drink喝一点

have sports进行体育活动

2bListen again. Why does Peter's father say no? Draw lines to the reasons in the chart above.

再次听录音。彼得的父亲为什么不同意?在上面表格中的理由处划线。

2cPAIRWORK结对练习

Student A,you are Peter. Ask if you can do things. Students B,you are

Peter's father. Say“yes”or“no”.If you say no,give a reason.

学生A,你是彼得。问是否你可以做事情。学生B,你是彼得的父亲。说

“yes”或“no”。如果你说no,给出一个理由。

A: Could I please use your computer?我可以使用你的电脑吗?

B: Sorry,I'm going towork onit now.抱歉,我现在打算使用它。

①②

A: Well, could I watch TV? 噢,我可以看电视吗?

B: Yes, you can.Butfirstyou have to clean your room.

③ ④

是的,可以。不过首先你必须打扫你的房间。

①be going to结构的用法:

be going to之后接动词原形或者名词。

I'm going to see Uncle Wang tomorrow.我打算明天去看王叔叔。

We're going to Beijing next week.我们打算下周去北京。

对be going to结构进行句式变化时,应以“be”而定,否定式是在be之后加not,疑问式是把be提到主语之前。

Tom is going to watch TV this weekend.

这个周末汤姆打算看电视。

→Tom isn't going to watch TV this weekend.

这个周末汤姆不打算看电视。

→Is Tom going to watch TV this weekend?

这个周末汤姆打算看电视吗?

→What is Tom going to do next weekend?

下个周末汤姆打算干什么?

与be going to结构连用的时间状语应是“将来”意义的。

tomorrow明天

the day after tomorrow后天

next week下周

this evening今晚

next year明年

in 2005在2005年

②work on从事

He is working on the computer.他正在操纵电脑。

▲work as当作、干:

He works as a doctor.他当医生。

▲work at学(功课):

We're working hard at our English.我们正在努力学英语。

▲at work在工作时:

Mr Wang is at work.王先生在工作。

③but conj.虽然,但是;放于句中,表示说话人的语气转折。同义词是

although;如:

He is very young, but he can write.他很小,却会写字。

【注】although与but不能同时出现在一个句子中,只能选用一个。如:Although he is very young, he can write.他虽然很小,却会写字。

although多放于句首。

④first“第一”,序数词,其基数词是one。用序数词时,前加冠词the,

如:第一课the first lesson(=Lesson One);“第二”是second,“第三”是third。

Grammar Focus语法聚焦

A: Could you please clean your room?请打扫房间好吗?

B: Yes. sure.是的,可以。

A: Could you please do the dishes?请洗盘子好吗?

B: Sorry. I can't. I havedo my homework.



抱歉,我不能。我得做作业。

A: Could I please go to the movies?我去看电影好吗?

B: Yes, you can.是的,你可以(去)。

A: Could I please use the car?我用用汽车好吗?

B: No, you can't. I have togo out.不,你不能(用)。我得出去。



①do my homework做我们作业,do your homework做(你的)作业;do

和homework之间用形容词性物主代词,随主语而变化,

Mary is doing her homework.玛丽在做作业。

②go out出去:

He's afraid to go out at night.他害怕晚上出去。

▲主要练习以could引导的疑问句,表示有礼貌地提出请求及应答。

其句式是;Could+主语+please+动词原形十其他成分?

肯定回答,表示允许,用Yes,sure./Certainly./Yes,I can等。

否定回答,表示不允许,用Sorry,I can't .But I have to…

could表示有礼貌的请求,语气比can更客气、委婉,意为“可以”。如;

—Could you please clean your room?你打扫你的房间好吗?

—Yes, sure.是的,可以。(肯定回答,表示允许,愿意)

—Could I please go to the movies?我去看电影好吗?

—Yes, you can.是的,你可以。

—Could you please do the dishes?你洗洗盘子好吗?

—Sorry, I can't.对不起,我不能。(否定回答,表示不愿意)

▲一般将来时

a. be going to结构:表示按计划或打算将要干某事。

to之后可加名词或动词原形,be可根据人称和数的变化而变化。如:

Linda's mom is going to the store this afternoon.

琳达的妈妈今下午打算去商店。

They are going to borrow some money tomorrow.

明天他们想借点钱

【注】be going to结构的否定式是在be之后加“not”,疑问式是把be提到主语前,如:

Are you going to watch TV tonight?

今晚你打算看电视吗?

He isn’t going to play football next Sunday.

下一个星期天他不打算踢足球。

▲另外,与be going to结构连用时时间状语应是“将来”意义的,如:

tomorrow明天

the day after tomorrow后天

this evening今晚

next week下周

▲“will/shall+动词原形”表示从现在起将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来意义的时间状语连用。

shall用于第一人称(I,we);will用于第一、二、三人称。在口语中

shall和will常简略为'll,紧跟在主语之后,如:

I'll, they'll; shall not和will not分别简略为shan't//和won't/ /,如:

She'll go to Shanghai tomorrow.明天她将去上海。

We'll have a party next week.下周我们要举行聚会。

When shall we meet again?我们什么时候再见面?

c. there be结构的将来时结构是:there is going to be或者there will

be,be之后跟名词,表示在某时或某处将有某物。如:

There is going to be a film tonight.今晚将有场电影。

▲一般过去时:a.由动词的过去式表示,规则动词的过去式由动词原形在词尾加-ed构成,其含义是“表示过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态”。如:

I talked with her yesterday.昨天我和她谈了。

Last week my mother was ill.上周我妈妈病了。

When did you go there?你什么时候去过那儿?

b.规则动词过去式构成规则:(见表格)

规则

例词

词尾-ed读音

1.一般情况在词尾加-ed

want-wanted

ask—asked

answer-answered

work-worked

stand-standed

1.-ed在/t//d/后读/Id/如neede/ni:dId/;wanted/wonted/。

2.在元音或d以外的浊辅音后读d,如lived/lIvd/played/pleId/

3.在除了/t/以外的清辅音

后/t/。如:helped/helpt/worked/wэ:kt/

2.辅音字母加-y结尾的动词去-y加-ied

try-tried

carry-carried

study-studied

3.重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾的动词,要双写这个辅音字母再加-ed

stop-stopped

plan-planned

4以重读-r音节结尾的动词,要

双写+再加-ed

prefer-preferred

refer-referred

5.以不发音的-e字母结尾的动词直接加-d

live-1ired

love-lved

3a Fill in the blanks with“make”,or“do”.用“make”或者“do”填空。

相关答案链接

A:Ihatetodochores.我不喜欢做家务。

①⑴

B: Well, I hate some chores,too, but Ilikeotherchores.

②③④

噢,我也不喜欢一些家务,但是我喜欢其他家务。

A:Really? Do you like todothelaundry?

⑤⑵⑥

真的吗?你喜欢洗衣服吗?

B: No. I don't. It's.boring.不,不喜欢。(洗衣服)令人生厌。



A:I agree. Do you like to.makeyour bed?我同意。你喜欢铺床吗?



B: No, not really.But I like todothe dishes,because it'srelaxing.And I like tomakebreakfast,

⑷⑧⑸

because I like to cook.

不,确实不。但是我喜欢洗盘子,因为它使人放松。并且我喜欢做早饭,因为我喜欢烹饪。

①hate vt.不喜欢,反义词是like。hate之后跟名词,动词-ing和动词不定式。

I hate apples.我不喜欢吃苹果。

I enjoy cooking but hate washing dishes.

我喜欢做饭,但是我不喜欢洗盘子。

I like swimming but I hate to swim today.

我喜欢游泳,但今天我不喜欢游。

【注】hate doing sth.表示经常或习惯性的行为和动作。hate to do sth.表示具体特指的某个行为或动作。

②too adv.也:I'm a teacher,too.我也是教师。

【辨析】too, also与either

▲too:最普通用语,用于口语,通常放于句末,且常用逗号隔开。如:

He likes English,too.他也喜欢英语。

▲also:与too是同义词,比too较为正式,常位于系动词、情态动词、

助动词之后或行为动词之前。如:

He's also reading.他也在读书。

She also went there last week。上星期她也去了那儿。

▲either:也不,用于否定句中,放于句末,用逗号隔开,是also和too的

反义词。also和too用于肯定句中。如:

Last week she didn't come here, either.

上个星期,她也没来。

③like vt.喜欢。后跟名词、动名词或者动词不定式。如:

He likes bananas very much.他非常喜欢吃香蕉。

▲like doing sth.喜欢干某事,表示经常或习惯性行为。

We like learning English.我们喜欢学英语。

▲like to do sth.喜欢干某事,表示特定或具体某次行为。

She likes to swim today.今天她喜欢游泳。

▲like sb.to do sth.喜欢某人干某事

Miss Zhao likes her students to ask questions in the English class.

赵老师喜欢她的学生在英语课上提问问题。

④other adj.&pron.其他的,别的:other people其他人,other students其他学生,the others其他人(物)

【辨析】other,the other,others,the others,another

▲other形容词,别的,其他的,可以修饰单数或者复数名词。如:

We study Chinese,English,maths and other lessons.

我们学习语文、英语、数学和其他课程。

▲the other表示两者中的“另一个”是特指。如:

She has two children. One is a boy,the other is a girl.

她有两个孩子,一个是男孩,另一个是女孩。

▲the other之后也可接数词或复数名词,特指“其他的”,这时other是形容词。如:

There are three people in the room,one is a girl,the other two are boys.

房间里有三个人,一个是女孩,另外两个是男孩。

▲another用作代词,表示“另一个”用于泛指三者以上的不定数目中的“另一个”。another也可用作形容词,一般只用于单数名词前,其名词前不加冠词。如:

I don't want this one. Please give me another.

我不想要这个,请给我另一个吧。

Please give me another pen.请另给我一支钢笔。

▲others用作代词,泛指“其他人或物”。

You should think of others.你应该为他人着想。

Some of us like singing and dancing. Others go in for sports.

我们中有些人喜欢唱歌、跳舞,另外一些爱好体育活动。

▲the others特指在一个整体中“其余的人或物”。如:

There are fifty-five students in our class. Thirty of us are girls. The others are boys.

我们班有55个学生,30个是女生,其余的全部是男生。(表示其余的全部)

⑤really adv.真正地、真实地;果然:Is it really true?真的吗?

▲加强语气,确实,实在:

It's really good.这确实好。

▲真的(表示惊讶,怀疑等):

—We're going to Qingdao this Summer.

今年夏天我们要去青岛。

—Oh, really?啊,真的吗?

⑥laundry n.洗衣房

the laundry(口语)送去洗的东西

do the laundry洗衣服

【拓展】有关do的短语

a. do+the+v.-lng,如:

do the reading读书

do the shopping买东西

do the cleaning打扫卫生

do the cooking做饭

b. do+the+名词,如:

do the beds整理床铺

do the dishes洗盘子

do the room整理房间

do the flowers插花

c. do one's+名词如:

do one's hair梳头

do one's lessons做功课

do one's homework做作业

⑦boring a adj.烦人的,厌烦的

The dog is boring.这只狗很讨厌。

⑧relaxing adj.放松的

Running is relaxing.跑步使人放松。

▲其动词是relax使放松,使轻松:

relax yourself放松自己

You should learn to relax yourself on weekends.

在周末你该学会放松自己。

3bMake a list of the chores you do. Write“like”or“don't like”next to each chore. Tell a partner what chores you like and don't like. Say why.制作一个你做家务的清单。靠近每个家务标出“like”和"don't like”。告诉你的同伴哪些家务是你喜欢的,说明原因。

相关答案链接:

wash the car——like

do the dishes——don't like

make the bed——like

do the cleaning——like

do the laundry——don't like

take out the trash——don't like

A.I like washing the carbecauseI can be outside.



我喜欢洗车,因为我可以出去。

B:I don't like doing the dishes because it's boring.

我不喜欢洗盘子,因为它令人讨厌。

①because conj.因为:

a.用来回答why引导的特殊疑问句。

—Why don't you like washing the dishes?

你为什么不喜欢刷盘子?

—Because it's boring.因为刷盘子令人生厌。

—Why are you late?你为什么迟到?

—Because I don't catch the first bus.

我因为没赶上第一班公共汽车。

b.连接原因状语从句。

I like doing the dishes because it's relaxing.

我喜欢刷盘子因为它使人放松。

4aHOUSEWORK SURVEY家务活调查

How often do you do chores at home. Ask your classmates and fill in the chart.在家你多长时间做一次家务?问你的同学并填表。

A:How of tendo you clean your room?



你多长时间打扫一次你的房间?

B:I clean it every day.How aboutyou?



我天天打扫。你呢?

A:I usually clean itin the morning beforeschool,butsometimes I forget.

③④⑤⑥

我通常在上午上学前打扫,但有时忘了。

相关答案链接:

Namesclean your roomhelp make dinnerdo the laundrydo the shopping

⑧⑨

Gao Linevery daysometimesoftenonce a week

Li Leioncetwo daysevery dayusuallyonce a month



Wang Feievery weekneveronce a weeknever

Liu Meitwice a weeksometimequite oftenthree times a month

①how often每隔多久,多长时间一次,提问动作的频率。如:

—How often do you watch TV?你多久看一次电视?

—Never.我从来不看。

【注】表示频率的副词有:every day每天,usually通常,often经常,sometime有时,

always总是,never从不,once a week一周一次。

【拓展】how其他常用短语:

▲how old问年龄“几岁”“多大年龄”,如:

—How old are you?你多大了?

—I'm eleven.我十一岁。

▲how many提问可数名词前的数量,意为“多少”,如:

—How many seasons are there in a year?

一年中有几个季节?

—There are four.有四个。

▲how much

a.提问不可数名词前的数量,意为“多少”。如:

—How much chicken do you want?

你想要多少鸡肉?

—Half a kilo,please.来半公斤吧。

b.问价钱,意为“多少钱”。如:

—How much is the rice?大米多少钱?

—It's 25 yuan a bag.每袋25元。

▲how long

a.问时间的长短,意为“多久”“多长时间”。如:

—How long did you live there?

你们在那儿住了多久?

—We lived there for about nine years.

我们大约住了九年。

b.问物体的长度,意为“多长”,如:

—How long is the bridge?这座桥有多长?

—It's about four hundred metres.大约四百米。

▲how soon主要询问某个动作在多久的将来发生,是对时间多久提问的短语,它常用在将来时,并且用in短语(表示再过多长时间)来回答。意为“要多久”“要多长时间”。如:

—How soon will he be back?他要什么时候回来?

—He will be back in a month.一个月后。

▲另外,有关how的短语还有how tall(多高),how high(多高,询问空间高度),how heavy(多重)等。

②how about“……怎样……如何”,相当于what about,表示向对方提出建议,征求意见或询问情况。about是介词后跟名词、代词或动词-ing。如:

What/How about a cup of coffee?喝杯咖啡怎样?

What/How about climbing mountains?爬山怎么样?

I'm a doctor. How/What about you?我是医生,你呢?

③in the morning在上午,in the afternoon在下午,In the evening在晚上

【辨析】时间介词in,on,at

▲in常跟表示“持续一段时间”的名词连用。如在某年、在某周、在某

日、在某季等。也用于表示泛指的上午、下午、晚上。如:

in a year在一年中in summer在夏季in July在七月in a week在一周内

in还有“过……后”之意,其后也跟时间段,表示将来。如:

My father will be back in two days.我父亲两天后就回来。

【注】“在中午”是at noon,“在晚上”是at night,“在白天”是in the day time。

▲on跟表示“某一天或某一天的上午、下午、晚上”等的时间名词。其后常跟一个“限制性的修饰语”。如:

on Tuesday在星期二

on Monday afternoon在星期一下午

on May 1st在5月1日

on Teacher's Day在教师节

on the morning of May 1st在5月1日上午

on a cold evening在一个寒冷的晚上

▲at后常跟表示“某个具体的时刻或时候”的名词。如:

at 7∶00 o'clock在七点钟

at this time of year在一年中这个时候

at this time yesterday昨天这个时候

at the moment在那一刻

④before

a. adv.以前。如:

I didn't go to Beijng before.以前我没去过北京。

b. con。.在……以前。如:

I said goodbye before I left.在我离开前,道了别。

c. prep.早于,在……以前,用在名词、代词前。如:

The students must clean the classroom before class.

同学们应该课前搞好教室卫生。

I sit before Mary in the class.在班上我坐在玛丽前面。

⑤sometimes adv.有时候多用于一般现在时。用how often来提问。

Sometimes he does reading at night.有时他晚上读书。

▲sometime表示“在某个时间,在某一时候”,用于过去时或者将来时。如:

I saw him sometime last week.上周某时我见过他。

He will come back sometime next week.下周某时他就回来。

▲some time表示“一段时间”,用how long提问。例如:

Last year I studied in Beijing for some time.

去年我在北京学习了一段时间。

▲sometimes表示“几次”,在这里time表示“次”,是可数名词。

对它提问用how many times(多少次)。如:

Please read the text sometimes.请把课文读几遍。

—How many times did you read the story?

这个故事你读过几遍?

—Some times.有几遍了。

⑥forget vt.忘记,反义词:remember。如:

I forgot her name.我记不起她的名字了。

▲forget to do sth.忘记去干某事

I forgot to clean the room today.

今天我忘了打扫房间。(事没干就忘了)

▲forget doing sth.忘记曾干过某事。如:

He forgot sweeping the floor today.

他忘记今天扫过地板(事干了,却忘了)。

⑦once adv.一次:

once a year一年一次

once a month一月一次

▲twice两次:

twice a year一年两次

twice a month一月两次

▲three times三次:

three times a day一天三次

▲many times许多次

【注】“三次”以上用基数词加times表示。

⑧help vt.帮助:

help me帮我help others帮助别人

▲help sh(to)do sth.帮某人干某事,如:

I often help my mother(to)do the chores.我经常帮妈妈做家务。

▲help sb. with sth.帮某人干某事,如:

He often helps me with my English.他经常帮我学英语。

⑨make dinner做饭

make breakfast做早饭

I like to make dinner.我喜欢做饭。

Section B解析及拓展



少年们问他们的父母是否能干什么?父母要少年们干什么?靠近每个词组写出“parents”或者“teenagers”。

相关答案链接

√1.buysomedrinksandsnacksteenagers.____________

⑤⑥⑦

买饮料和快餐

2.borrowsome money___________



借钱

3.clean your room___________

打扫房间

4.invitemy friends to a party___________



邀请我朋友参加聚会

5.go to the store____________

去商店

6.use your CD player_____________

使用你的CD光盘

7.take out the trash_____________

倒垃圾

8.make your bed______________

铺床

①teenager n.十余岁青年,teenagers是复数,如:

He is a teenager.他是个少年。

▲teen妙龄少女

She is a teen.她是个少女。

▲teenage十余岁

girls of teenage少女们

②if conj.如果,假设;引导条件状语从句。如:

If you can do, please do it.如果你能做,请做吧。

【注】if引导的条件句比较特殊,有时态规定,若主句是一般将来时,则if从句用一般现在时态。如:

We will go to the park if it is fine tomorrow.

如果明天天气好,我们就去公园。

③each adj.&pron.各个,每个:each student每个学生

【辨析】each与every

▲each用于两个以上的场合,指“每个人或物”,侧重说明同类的个别性,倾向于把整体分散来考虑。如:

Each student has a desk and a chair.

每个学生都有一张书桌,一把椅子。

There are many trees on each side of the road.

路的两旁都种着树。

▲every意指“每一,每个的”,着重于整体,倾向于把分散的项目集中成为一个整体来看并且只能用于三个或者三个以上的场合。指每个人或事物,近于汉语的“一切”。如,

He expects every man to do his duty。他要求人人尽责。

Not every student answer this question.

不是每个学生都能回答这个问题。

④phrase n.短语,词组:

a noun phrase名词短语an adverb phrase副词短语

⑤buy vt.买,如:

buy a pen买支钢笔,其反义词是sell(卖)

▲buy sb.sth.=buysth.for sb为某人买东西,如:

I'll buy a present for my mother for her birthday.

我要给我妈妈买生日礼物。

⑥drink vt.喝,饮

drink water(beer,coffee,milk)喝水(啤酒、咖啡、牛奶)

drink it off一饮而尽

drink up喝光

⑦snack n.快餐(pl.snacks指sandwich三明治,hot dog热狗,ham

burger汉堡包之类的熟食,相当于fast food的含义)

⑧borrow vt.借,如:

borrow a few books借几本书

borrow a bike借自行车

【辨析】borrow与lend

▲borrow指“借人”或“借用他人的东西供自己使用”。“向某人借某物”可译成borrow sth.from sb或borrow one's sth.如:

May I borrow your bike?我可以借用你的自行车吗?

或May I borrow a bike from you?

▲lend表示把自己的东西“借出”给别人暂时使用。“借给某人某物”

可译成lend sb.sth.或lend sth.to sb.;如:

You mustn't lent it to others.你一定不要把它借给某人。

⑨invite vt.邀请:invite Li Ping邀请李平

▲invite sb.to+地点;“邀请某人到某地”;如:

invite Jenny to my house邀请Jenny到我家

▲invite sb.to do sth.“邀请某人干某事”;如:

We invited them to dance.我们邀请他们跳舞。

1b PAIRWORK结对练习

Tellyour partner youranswersto Activity 1a.Does your partneragree?

①②③

把1a部分中的答案告诉你的同伴。你的同伴同意吗?

A: Parents say:“Could you buy,somedrinks and snacks?”



父母说:“你买一些饮料和快餐好吗?”

B: No, I disagree.Teenagers say:“Could I buy some drinks and snacks?”

不,我不同意。少年们说:“我买些饮料和快餐好吗?”

①tell vt.告诉:

Tell me the time, please.请你告诉我时间。

▲讲,说:

tell a story讲故事,tell a lie说谎

▲吩咐,教:tell sb.to do sth.告诉某人干某事,否定结构式是:tell sb.

not to do sth.告诉某人不要干某事。

Tell him to come here tomorrow.告诉他明天来。

Tell him not to turn on the TV.告诉他别打开电视。

②answer n.回答,答复,应答,答案

an answer to this question这个问题的答案

an answer to a letter回信

in answer to…以……回答

▲认回答,答复,应答

answer a question回答问题

answer a letter回信

answer the telephone接电话

③agree vi.同意,反义词是disagree不同意

I don't agree.我不同意。

▲agree with sb.同意某人的意见

I agree with my parents.我同意我父母的意见。

▲agree to do sth.同意干某事

He agreed to help me.他同意帮我忙。

▲agree to+名词(多接表示计划、建议、安排的名词),如:

I agree to your plan.我同意你的计划。

④some adj.&pron.一些,一些的。修饰可数名词或不可数名词。一般用于肯定句中。如:

I bought some drinks yesterday.昨天我买了些饮料。

▲在否定句或者疑问句中,一般把some变为any。如:

Do you have any brothers?你有兄弟吗?

I don't have any money.我没钱。

【注】在表示请求、建议等语气比较委婉、客气的问句中,用some不用any。如:

Could you please buy some oranges?你买些橘子好吗?

Would you like some tea?你想喝茶吗?

2a Listen and check(√)the things in activity 1a that you hear.

听录音并将在你听到的1a部分中的东西用(√)标出。

2bListen again.What is Sandy's mom going to do? What is Sandy going to do? What are Sandy and Dave going to do?Fillin the chart.



再次听录音。桑迪的妈妈打算干什么?桑迪打算干什么?桑迪和大卫打算干什么?填下表。

Who

What

Sandy’s mom

Sandy

Invite my friend(邀请我的朋友)

Sandy and Dave

①fill vi.填空,填满,填写;fill in填充,填写;fill in a hole填平窟窿;fill in the blank填入空白

▲vt.放满、填满、盛满、充满:fill…with“用……填满”,如:

fill a hole with sand用沙填满窟窿

Go and fill a glass of water for me.去给我倒杯水。

▲full是fill的形容词,“满的,饱的”;如:

The glass is full.杯子满了。I am full.我饱了。

▲full of充满……的

The basket is full of apples.篮子里盛满了苹果。

▲full另外的意思是“完全的”“充足的”,如:

a full name全名a full supply充足的供应

2cPAIRWORK结对练习

You arehaving a party.Ask your partner for help.Talk aboutthese things.

①②

你要举行个聚会。请你的同伴帮忙。讨论这些事情。

相关答案链梓

go to the store去百货商店

buy drinks and snacks买饮料和熟食

invite my friend邀请我的朋友

clean the living room打扫卧室

take out the trash把垃圾拿出去

A: Could you take out the trash?

B: Yes, sure.

SA: Could you go to the store?

SB: Yes, I call

SA: Could you go to the store and buy drinks and snacks?

SB: Yes, I can.

①have a party举行聚会:

Next Sunday is my birthday.I'm going to have a party.

下个星期天是我的生日。我打算开个聚会。

②talk about讨论、谈论:

Let's talk about the pictures.我们讨论这些画吧。

▲talk to/with sb.向某人交谈:

The teacher is talking to Wei Hua,老师正在跟伟华交谈。

▲talk to oneself自言自语:

He is talking to himself:“Oh,dear me.What shall I do?”

他自言自语:“噢,天哪!我该怎么办?”

3a Read the e-mailmessage. Which things areaboutexercise? Cleaning? Food?Completethe chart below.

读电子邮件信息,哪些事情是关于运动的?哪些是关于清洁卫生的?哪些是关于食品的?完成下面的表格。

Subject:(科目)Dog



From(来自):Thomas



Nancy,

Thanks fortaking care ofmy dog.

⑦⑧

Couldyou please do these things

every day?Takehim

⑨⑩

for a walk.Givehim water andfeed

1112

him. Thenwashhis bowl.

13

南希:

感谢照看我的狗。你每天做这些事情吗?带他出去散步。给他水喝并喂他。然后洗他的碗,

Playwith him.Don't forgetto clean

1415

his bed.

Have fun!I'llseeyou next week.

161718

Thanks,

Thomas

跟他一起玩。别忘了清洁他的床铺。祝你愉快!我下周就见到你了。

谢谢

托马斯

相关答案链接

Exercise

take him for a walk

play with him

Cleaning

wash his bowl

clean his bed

Food

give him water

feed him

注释:

①message名词,信息,消息;文电

a congratulatory message贺电邮件

an e-mail message电子邮件

a written message书信

▲leave a message for sb.给某人留个口信

Could I leave a message for Tom?我可以给汤姆留个口信吗?

▲take a message for sb.为某人捎(传)口信

Could you take a message for me?你给我捎个口信好吗?

▲give sb.a message捎给某人口信

I'll give him the message.我会把这个消息捎给他的。

②about prep.关于,on是其同义词。

a story about Lei Feng雷锋的故事

a book about art艺术方面的书

▲大约:

—What's the time?几点了?

—It's about four thirty.大约四点半。

My grandfather is about sixty.我爷爷快六十岁了。

▲prep.各处,四处:

Don't throw about paper.不要到处乱扔纸。

She was walking about the town.她在城里东走西逛。

③exercise n.

a.锻炼,做操

He is doing eye exercises.他在做眼操。

You should do more exercises.你应该多锻炼。

b.练习,习题

Did you do your English exercises yesterday?

昨天你做英语作业了吗?

Please do Exercise One.请做练习题1。

④complete vt.完成,结束,使……完全

complete a course结业



⑤subject n.科目,学科;主题;主语,如:

Maths and English are my favourite Subjects.

数学和英语是我最喜爱的课程。

What subjects are you studying now?你现在学什么科目?

What is the subject of the book?这本书的主题是什么?

⑥from prep.

a.(表示起点)自,从:

This letter is from Tom.这封信是Tom写来的。

The train goes from Wuhan to Beijing.火车从武汉开往北京。

b.(表示时间)从……起:

He will be free from 4 o'clock.他四点钟以后有空。

She works from Monday to Friday.她从周一工作到周五。

c.(表示距离)距,离:

My home is three miles from school.我家距学校三英里远。

d.(表示来源)来自:

She's from Guangdong.她来自广东。

This e-mail is from Tom.这个电子邮件是Tom发来的。

习惯用语

▲from…to…从……到……

The eraser goes from one student to another.

橡皮从一个学生手里传到另一个学生手里。

▲be from/come from来自:

—Where are you from?你是哪儿人?

—I'm from England.我来自英格兰。

▲from now on从今以后:

I will study hard from now on.从今以后我要努力学习。

⑦thanks for因……感谢,for是介词,后面跟名词或动词-ing,如:

Thanks for your help.感谢你的帮助。

Thanks for telling me that.谢谢告诉我那件事。

⑧take care of照顾、照看,同义词短语是look after。如:

You must take good care of yourself and keep healthy.

你必须好好保重,保持健康。

▲take care(=be careful)注意,小心,留神;如:

Take care! It's dangerous.小心!这儿危险。

⑨every day每天,天天

every morning每天早晨

every one人人

every student每生

⑩take v.带,取:take him for a walk带他去散步

take these books to the classroom把这些书带到教室去

▲拿走,带走:Who took away books?谁拿走了书?

▲做,进行(和名词连用,表示与该名词意义相关的动作);如:

take a walk散步,take a rest休息,take a look看一看

▲吃,喝,服用:She has to take the medicine three times a day.

她必须一天服药三次。

▲乘:take a bus(ship/car/taxi…)乘公共汽车(轮船、汽车出租车……)

▲花费(时间或金钱):I take only ten minutes to get there every day.

每天我只需10分钟到那儿。

11 give vt.给(过去式gave)

give him water(=give water to him)给他水喝

give me some help=give some help to me

▲give back(=return)归还

He gave me that book that he borrowed last week.

他把上星期借我的书还给了我。

▲give up放弃,戒掉

Maths is too hard.I'll give it up.数学太难学了,我要放弃。

You should give up smoking.你应该戒烟。

12 feed vt.喂养、饲养,如:feed chickens喂鸡feed horses喂马

▲feed…on“用……喂养”,如:

feed a child on cow's milk用牛奶喂孩子

▲feed on以……为食:The horses feed on grass.马吃草。

13 wash vt.洗、刷,如:wash the car洗车,wash clothes洗衣服,do the

washing洗刷She does the washing every day.每天洗刷。

14 play v.

a.玩,做游戏

The children are playing in the garden.孩子们正在花园里玩耍。

b.参加比赛、打球,如:play football踢足球,play basketball打篮球

c.弹、拉;后跟乐器名词,如:play the piano弹钢琴play the violin拉小提琴

【注】在球类名词前一定不要加冠词the;但在乐器名词前一定要加冠词the。

▲n.戏剧、剧本,如:

Did you watch the play last night?昨晚你看这部戏了吗?

They are putting on a play.他们正在上演一部戏。

▲play games玩游戏:

He likes playing games on the computer.他喜欢玩电脑游戏。

▲play with玩:He is playing with a ball.他在玩球。

▲play a trick on sb.捉弄某人:Don't play a trick on him不要捉弄他。

▲play的名词是player运动员

CD playerCD光盘

There are eleven players in a football team.

一支足球队有十一名队员。

15 Don't forget to do sth.“不要忘记干……”,否定祈使句。再如:

Don't draw on the wall.不要在墙上乱涂乱画。

Don't be late next time.下一次别迟到。

Don't forget to turn off the lights before you leave the classroom.

离开教室前别忘记关灯。

16 have fun过得愉快,玩得痛快;fun是不可数名词。

▲have fun+v.-ing开开心心做某事

This term we are going to have fun learning and speaking English.

这学期我们将开开心心学说英语。

▲have fun+with+n.开开心心做某事:

This term we are going to have fun with English.

这学期我们将快快乐乐学英语。

▲for fun开玩笑地,不认真地,如:

He said so only for fun.他这样说只是开玩笑。

▲make fun of a person开某人的玩笑,取笑某人:

We often make fun of them我们经常开他们的玩笑。

What fun!多好玩啊!

17 I'll=I will/shall我会,我将要;后接动词原形,构成一般将来时。

shall用于第一人称。will用于第一、二、三人称。在口语中will和shall常简略为'll。紧接在主语之后;shall not和will not常简略为shan't//a:nt/和won't/woot/~.;一般将来时表示从现在起将来要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。如:

When shall we meet again?我们什么时候再见面?

She will be here tomorrow.她明天要来这儿。

表示将来的时间状语有:

next week下周next year明年next Sunday下一个星期天

tomorrow明天the day after tomorrow后天

in 2005在2005年

18 see v.看见,如:

I see my watch on the desk.我看见我的手表在桌上。

▲see sb.do sth.看见某人干事

I often see him read English.我经常见到他读英语。

see sb. doing sth.看见某人在干某事

I see the boys playing basketball there.

我看见男孩子在那儿打篮球。

▲See you.再见。See you next week.下周见。See you later.再见。

▲see sb.看望某人:I went to see the doctor today.

今天我去看医生了。

▲see a film看电影:I see a film once a week.我一周看一场电影。

3 b Sandy wants Dave to help her with her party.Complete this e-mail message from Sandy to Dave.Look at the chart in activity 2b forideas。桑迪要大卫帮她准备晚会。它成桑迪给大卫的电子邮件。看2b部分的活动以寻求启示。

相关答案链接

Subject: Party

From sandy

Dave,

Mom saysI can have the school party at my house. I need some help.Whenyoucome overon Saturday. Could you help me sweep the floor? Could you clean the window? Could youputthe flowers on the table? Could you go to the store and buy more drinks and snacks?

Thanks,

Sandy

大卫:

妈妈说我可以在家举行学校聚会。我需要帮助。在星期六你来时,帮我扫地好吗?请你擦窗好吗?请你把花放在桌上好吗?请你去商店里多买些饮料和快餐好吗?

谢谢

桑迪

①idea n.意见,主意、打算;想法:a good idea好注意the idea of becoming a doctor当医生的想法

I have an idea.我有个主意be full of ideas足智多谋

I have no idea.(=I don't know.)我不知道。

②“Mom says+从句”这是一个以连词that引导的宾语从句。that在从句中无意义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。宾语从句即在句中作动词宾语的从句。在这个句子中,I can have the school party.作says的宾语。宾语从句在句中的位置与简单句的五种基本类型的宾语相同。在宾语从句中,从句必须用陈述句语序,句末用句号,但主句为疑问句时,句末用问号。例如:

I hear(that)physics isn't easy.我听说物理不容易。

He says(that)he is free tomorrow.他说他明天有空。

Do you know where he lives?你知道他住在哪儿吗?

【拓展】

a.在宾语从句中,主句是一般现在时,从句可以用所需要的任何时态;而主句的谓语是过去式时,从句也必须用过去时。如:

I think(that)you will like the stamps.我想你会喜欢这些邮票。

He said(that)he would come the next day.他说第二天他就来。

b.当主句的谓语动词是think,know,believe时,变否定句时,一般将主句的谓语动词改成否定式,而宾语从句仍用肯定义。如:

I thinkyou are right.

→I don't think you are right.我认为你不正确。

He knows where the bus shop is.

→He does't know where the bus stop is.他不知道公共汽车站在哪儿。

c.连接宾语从句的词除that之外还有连接代词who,which,whose,what;连接副词when,where,how以及if,whether等。

③When adv.什么时候;如:

When are they going to leave?他们什么时候出发?

When did you see him?你什么时候见到他的?

▲conj.当……时;

When you cross the road, you must look left and right.

当你过马路时,你必须左右看。

When the light is green,you can go.绿灯时,你可以行走。

④come over过来,顺便拜访。如:

You must come over to my house to have dinner.

你必须来我家吃晚饭。

Would you like to come over to my house for Mid-autumn Festival?

你愿意来我家过中秋节吗?

▲come back回来:He didn't come back until 12∶00 yesterday.

他昨天12∶00钟才回来。

▲come along来吧:Come along,Tome走吧,汤姆。

▲come from来自:She comes from Shanghai.她来自上海。

▲come in进来:May I come in?我可以进来吗?

▲come on=come along加油,快点

“Come on,”they shouted loudly.他们大声喊道:“加油”。

▲come out出来(花)开:

The rain stops and the sun will come out soon.

雨停了太阳很快就出来。

▲come round(经过弯路)过来:

A motorbike is coming round the corner.

一辆摩托车从拐角处行驶过来。

⑤put vt.放置:

put sugar in coffee把糖放进咖啡里

put one's hands in one's pockets把手插进衣袋里

Put your napkin on your lap.把餐巾放在你的膝上。

▲put on穿;上演:

Put on your coat;it is cold here.这儿冷,穿上外套。

They are putting on Hamlet.他们在上演哈姆雷特。

▲put…on把……放在……上:

put the books on the desk把这些书放在桌上

▲put…into把……译成……

Put English into Chinese.把英语译成汉语。

3 cImagineyou are having a school party at your house.Write an e-mail message to a



friendand ask him or her for help.

假设你要在家举行学校聚会。给一个朋友发个电子邮件,请他/她帮忙。

相关答案链接:

△Subject: Party

From: Cao Lin

Dear Rosa,

I'm having a party! I need some help. Could you help me clean the living room? Please sweep the floor. Clean the windows. And take out the trash.

Thanks,

Cao Lin

亲爱的罗莎:

我正要举行一个聚会!我需要一些帮助。请你帮我打扫卧室好吗?请扫扫地板。擦擦窗子,并把垃圾倒掉。

多谢,

曹林

①imagine vt.想像,设想:

I imagine yourself on a desert island.设想你处在一个荒岛上。

I imagine what he is doing.我想像不出他在干什么。

I imagine you as a teacher.我料想你是个教师。

④GROUPWORK小组练习

Work group of three. Student A, look at page 102.Student B,look at page 103.Student C, look at page 104.三人一组练习。A生看102页,B生看103页,C生看104页。

A: We needmoredrinks and snacks.Could you buy some?



我们需要更多的饮料和快餐你买些好吗?

B:I'm sorry, but I don't.haveany money.

②③

很抱歉,可是我没有钱。

C:I have money, but I don't have…

我有钱,可是我没有一个……

①more更多的,是many和much的比较级,再如:

more books更多的书

more water更多的水

more apples更多的苹果more orange更多的橘汁

②I'm sorry.是英语口语中较为常见的交际用语,用法比较灵活,在不同的场合有不同的意义。

a.表示“歉意”,多用在说话者犯了某种错误,或做了不恰当的事来表示自己的“歉意”,意思是“对不起,很抱歉”。

—I'm sorry I'm late for class.对不起不迟到了。

—It doesn't matter.Come in, please.没关系,请进。

—Could you help me clean the room?请你帮我打扫房间好吗?

—I'm sorry I can't.I have to do my homework now.

对不起我不能,现在我必须做作业。

b.表示“同情”,多用在说话者听到别人的不幸或出了什么事,表示“同情,冷悯”。如:

—What's wrong with your mother?你妈妈怎么了?

—She was ill in hospital.她生病住院了。

—I'm sorry to hear that.听到这儿我很不安。

c.表示“遗憾”,多用在说话者表示某种要求,对方不能满足要求时,说话者表示的一种遗憾。例如:

—Can you sing this popular song for us?

你能给我们唱这首流行歌吗?

—I'm sorry I can't.很遗憾我不会。

d.表示“拒绝”,多用在对方提出某种要求,而且不能同意或不能满足这种要求时的一种回绝方式,语气较委婉。例如:

—Would you like to go out for a walk with us?

你愿意和我们一起出去散步吗?

—I am sorry.I have lots of homework to do.

对不起,我有许多作业要做。

e.表示“惋惜”之情,语气较委婉。如:

—Did you have a good time at the English party?

在英语晚会上你们玩得痛快吗?

—Yes. But I am sorry you didn't come.是的,只可惜你没来。

f.表示“打扰”或者“麻烦”别人做某事而表达的一种委婉语气,意为“对不起,打扰了”。如:

—I'm sorry.Can I take this way,please?

对不起,打扰了,我可以走这边吗?

—Yes, please.是的。请。

③have v.有。第三人称单数是has,过去式是had;如:

I have two brothers.我有两个兄弟。

He has some nice pictures.他有些漂亮的图画。

【辨析】there be与have

there be表示“某处或某时有某物”即表示存在关系。

have表示“某人(物)有什么”,即表示所有关系。如:

I have a new pen.我有一只新钢笔。

(新钢笔属于我的,表示所有关系)

There is a new pen in my pencil-box.我的新文具盒里有一支新钢笔。

(没有说明新钢笔属于何人所有,仅表示存在关系。)

Self Check解析及拓展

①Key word cheek.Check(√)the words you know.重点词汇检查。在你认识的单词上划(√)。

②Write five new words in your vocab-builder.

在你的词库里写出五个新单词。

③You and your parents are going on.vacation.Leave a message for your best friend, Li Ming.Ask him to help you take care of your house.你和父母要去度假。给你的好朋友李明留个口信。请他帮你照看你的家。

相关答案链接:

Dear Li Ming,

My parents and I are going on vacation tomorrow. I went to your house, but you weren't in. I have some favors to ask you Could you please feed my goldfish? And could you please do these things every day? Give my goldfish clean water and feed them once three days. Sweep the floor and take out the trash. Open the windows and keep the air clean.

Thanks.

Cao Lin

亲爱的李明;

我和父母明天要去度假。我去你家,但是你不在。我有许多事要求你帮忙。请你喂我的金鱼好吗?请你每天做这些事情好吗?给我的金鱼洁净的水并三天喂一次。扫地板并把垃圾倒掉。开窗保持空气清新。

谢谢

曹林

①are going on要去:My parents and I are going on vacation tomorrow.此句是现在进行时表将来发生的事。表示位移的动词如leave, come, go, start等.可直接用现在进行时表示将来的意义。如:

—Where are you going?你要去哪儿?

—I'm going to the stores.我要去商店。

Look! A car is coming!看!一辆车要开过来了。

▲“go on十名词”表示“要去干……”,如:

go on a trip去旅行

go on hiking远足

go on a field trip去野外旅行

go on a picnic去野餐

②in adv.

a.(表示位置)在内、在家:

—Is your father in?你爸在家吗?

—No, he is out.不,他出去了。

b.(表示运动、方向)里头、往内:

Come in please.请进来。He asked me in他请我进去。

c.表示到达、到来:

The train is in.火车到站了。Summer is in.夏天到了。

▲rep.

a.(表示场所或位置)在……里,在……内,在……中:

work in the field下地劳动

live in London住在伦墩

a bird in the cage笼中鸟

fly in the air在空中飞

be in school在学校里

▲在……上:in the street在街上(=on the street)in bed在床上

b.(表示方向或方位)in the west在西方in the east在东方

The wind blows in this direction.风向这面吹来。

c.(表示范围或领地)全:in the world全世界the shortest day in the year全年中最短的一天the brightest boy in the class全班中最聪明的孩子

d.(表示时间)在……;in the day time在白天in those days在那些日子in spring在春天in the year 1949在1949年

▲过……后,经……,在……内:

I shall be back in a week.一周后我就回来。

③favor n.恩惠;善意;帮助:

May I ask a favor of you?请您帮帮忙好吗?

Will you do me a favor?你愿意给我帮帮忙吗?

Do me a favor, please.请帮我一个忙。

I have a favor to ask(of)you.我要请您帮帮忙。

④goldfish n.金鱼,由gold+fish构成一个新词,称为合成词。如:

class+room→classroom教室

sitting+room→sittingroom起居室

reading+room→readingroom

basket+ball→basketball篮球

foot+ball→football足球

bed+room→bedroom卧室

postq+man→postman邮递员

police+man→policeman警察

⑤once three days三天一次,再如:

twice a year一年两次

four times a week一周四次

⑥keep vt.保持、保守

a. keep+名词:keep a secret保守秘密

b. keep+名词+adj./v.-ing使……保持,使得

Keep the fire burning.不要让火熄灭。

We keep our classroom clean every day.

我们每天保持我们的教室洁净。

Just for fun开心一刻!

A: Could you sweep the floor?请你扫地板好吗?

B: Okay可以。

A: Could you take out the trash?请你倒掉垃圾好?

B: Sure.可以。

A: Could you move the chairs?请你搬动椅子好吗?

B: No, I can't.不,我不能。

①okay(美,口语=OK)adv.对,是,好(=all right):

“Thank you.”“That’s all right.”“谢谢你。”“没关系,别客气。”

▲adj.全对(=all correct):That is quite OK.完全可以。

②move vt.搬动,挪动,如:move the desks搬桌子

▲move to+地点,搬迁,迁居

Why did you move to Beijing?你们为什么搬到北京去?

新目标英语八年级上册第十一单元知识精讲

Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?

一.重要词组及短语:

1.could you please do sth.? 你能……吗?/ 请你干…….好吗?

2. do the chores做杂务

3. do the dishes 洗餐具

4. sweep the floor清扫地板

5. take out the trash倒垃圾

6. make one’s bed铺床

7. fold one’s clothes叠衣服

8. clean the living room 清扫客厅

9.stay out late晚归

10. come over过来

11. have a test考试

12. get a ride搭车

13. use one’s computer使用某人的电脑

14. hate sth./ hate to do sth. / hate doing sth.讨厌某事/做某事

like to do (doing) sth.

15. do the laundry = do some washing = wash clothes洗衣服

16. make breakfast / make dinner = do some cooking 做饭

17. wash the car刷车

18. work on从事,忙于

work at学习、致力于、在……上下工夫

19. borrow some money借一些钱

borrow sth. from sb.向某人借某物(借入)

lend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb.借给某人某物(借出)

You can borrow some money from your brother.

你可以向你哥哥借些钱。

Can you lend me your bike?

你能借给我你的自行车吗?

20. invite sb. to do sth邀请某人做某事

They invited me to join their club.他们邀请我参加俱乐部。

invite sb to a place

invite you to my party

21. go to the store去商店

22. agree sb. to do sth.同意某人做某事

agree with sb.同意某人的意见

disagree sb. to do sth.不同意某人的意见

disagree with sb.不同意某人的意见

23. take care of = look after照顾、照看、照料

take good care of = look after…well把……照管得好

26. take sb. for a walk带某人去散步

27. play with sb.和某人玩

28. forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(未做)

forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(做过)

(1)do, make 短语归类

do the dishes(洗餐具)

do my homework(做我的家庭作业)

do chores(做家务,处理琐事)

do the laundry(洗衣)

do the shopping(购物)

do some reading(读书)

make your bed(铺床)

make breakfast(做早餐)

make dinner(做晚饭)

make tea(泡茶,沏茶)

make a cup of coffee(冲一杯咖啡)

(2)关于to的短语总结:

have to do sth不得不,必须做某事

need to do sth需要做某事

hate to do sth讨厌做某事

like to do sth喜欢做某事

want to do sth想做某事

love to do sth热爱做某事

forget to do sth忘记做某事

start to do sth开始做某事

begin to do sth开始做某事

ask sb to do sth请某人做某事

二.重点句型

1. Could you please clean your room?

Yes, sure. / Sorry, I can’t. I have to do my homework first.

2. Could I please use the car?

Sure. / Certainly. / Of course./No, you can’t. I have to go out.

在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中,常用could代替can,以表示礼貌,委婉或不确定的语气,而can则不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能把could看作can的过去式。以上两句中用could是为了表示礼貌的请求。表示请求帮助或请求允许时,除了can, could之外,还可以用may,句子的表达方式也各有不同,可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。例:

Could/Can/May I use your car for a day?

作允答可以各种各样,

如同意可以说Yes,或Sure或Certainly,还可说Yes, (do) please. 或Of course. (you may/can). 或That’s OK/all right.

如果不同意,可以说I’m sorry you can’t. 或I’m really sorry, but I have to use it today. 要避免说No, you can’t. 这样显得很不礼貌。否定回答通常用委婉语气。

could在表请求的问句中是为了表示礼貌或委婉语气,用在应答中则成了不确定语气,与情理不符。所以应答中不说Yes, you could. 或No, you couldn’t. 而要说Yes, you can. 或Sorry. /No, you can

新目标八年级上Unit 11知识点

一.重要词组及短语

1. could you please do sth.?你能……吗?/请你干……好吗?

2. do the chores做杂务

3. do the dishes洗餐具easye.2000y.net

4. sweep the floor清扫地板

5. take out the trash倒垃圾

6. make one's bed铺床

7. fold one's clothes叠衣服

8. clean the living room清扫客厅

9. stay out late晚归

10. come over过来easye.2000y.net

11. have a test考试

12. get a ride搭车

13. use one's computer使用某人的电脑

14. hate sth. / hate to do sth. / hate doing sth.讨厌某事/做某事

like to do (doing) sth.easye.2000y.net

15. do the laundry = do some washing = wash clothes洗衣服

16. make breakfast / make dinner = do some cooking做饭

17. wash the car刷车

18. work on easye.2000y.net从事,忙于

work at学习、致力于、在……上下工夫

19. borrow some money借一些钱

borrow sth. from sb.向某人借某物(借入)

lend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb.借给某人某物(借出)

You can borrow some money from your brother.

你可以向你哥哥借些钱。

Can you lend me your bike?你能借给我你的自行车吗?

20. invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事

They invited me to join their club.他们邀请我参加俱乐部。

invite sb to a place easye.2000y.net

invite you to my party

21. go to the store去商店

22. agree sb. to do sth.同意某人做某事

agree with sb.同意某人的意见

disagree sb. to do sth.不同意某人的意见

disagree with sb.不同意某人的意见

23. take care of = look after照顾、照看、照料

take good care of = look after … well把……照管得好

26. take sb. for a walk带某人去散步

27. play with sb.和某人玩

28. forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(未做)

forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(做过)

(1)do, make短语归类

do the dishes洗餐具

do my homework做我的家庭作业

do chores做家务,处理琐事

do the laundry洗衣

do the shopping购物

do some reading读书

make your bed铺床

make breakfast做早餐

make dinner做晚饭

make tea泡茶,沏茶

make a cup of coffee冲一杯咖啡

(2)关于to的短语总结:

have to do sth.不得不,必须做某事

need to do sth.需要做某事

hate to do sth.讨厌做某事

like to do sth.喜欢做某事

want to do sth.想做某事

love to do sth.热爱做某事

forget to do sth.忘记做某事

start to do sth.开始做某事

begin to do sth.开始做某事

ask sb to do sth.请某人做某事

二.重点句型

1. Could you please clean your room?

Yes, sure. / Sorry, I can't. I have to do my homework first.

2. Could I please use the car?easye.2000y.net

Sure. / Certainly. / Of course./No, you can't. I have to go out.

在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中,常用could代替can,以表示礼貌,委婉或不确定的语气,而can则不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能把could看作can的过去式。以上两句中用could是为了表示礼貌的请求。easye.2000y.net表示请求帮助或请求允许时,除了can, could之外,还可以用may,句子的表达方式也各有不同,可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。例:easye.2000y.net

Could / Can / May I use your car for a day?

作允答可以各种各样:easye.2000y.net

如同意可以说Yes,或Sure或Certainly,还可说Yes, (do) please.或Of course. (you may / can).或That's OK / all right.

如果不同意,可以说I'm sorry you can't.或I'm really sorry, but I have to use it today.要避免说No, you can't.这样显得很不礼貌。否定回答通常用委婉语气。easye.2000y.net

could在表请求的问句中是为了表示礼貌或委婉语气,用在应答中则成了不确定语气,与情理不符。所以应答中不说Yes, you could.或No, you couldn't.而要说Yes, you can.或Sorry. / No, you can't.

重点难点Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?

1. could表示请求,语气委婉,显得有礼貌。

eg. Could you please clean your room ?

你可以打扫你的房间吗?

肯定回答:Yes , I can .是的,我可以。

Yes , sure / Yes , of course .

否定回答:Sorry , I can’t . I have to do my homework .

对不起,我不得不做作业。

另外Would you mind doing sth .也可表示请求。

eg . Would you mind cleaning your room ?

你介意去打扫你的房间吗?

No , I’d like to .不,我很乐意。

2. could表示请求许可,希望得到允许。

eg . Could I (please) go to the movies ?

我能去看电影吗?

肯定回答:Yes , you can .

Yes , sure .

当然可以。

否定回答:No , you can’t .不,不行。

Now make sentences using“could”and the following phrases .

(1)go to the movies去看电影

(2)stay out late在外面呆得很晚

(3)use the car使用汽车

(4)get a ride去骑车

(5)use your computer使用你的电脑

(6)borrow some money借些钱

(7)invite my friends to a party .邀请我的朋友参加晚会

(8)go to the store去商店

(9)use your CD player使用你的CD播放器

3. could与can的区别

could与can都是情态动词,could是can的过去式。二者都可用于表示请求。但是用法稍有不同。

can表示一般性的请求,语气随便,常用于熟人之间或长辈对晚辈,上级对下级的场合;

eg. Can you tell us your story , Tony ?

Tony,你能给我们讲讲你的故事吗?

could表示有礼貌的请求,语气委婉,常用于非熟人之间或晚辈对长辈,下级对上级的场合。

eg. Could you tell us if it snows in winter inAustralia ?

Sure .

请告诉我们,澳大利亚冬天下雪吗?当然可以。

学习礼貌的提出请求

一、学习表示礼貌的提出请求:

◆请你...好吗?

Could you please +do sth? Could you +do sth?

Would you please +do sth? Would you +do sth?

◆肯定回答:

Sure.(当然可以)Of course.(当然可以)

No problem.(没问题) I'd love to.(我很乐意)

◆否定回答:

Sorry.(对不起)I'd love to(我很乐意).but I have to /must/should....

e.g.:

▲1、A:你能打扫一下我们的院子吗?

Could you pleasecleanour yard?

B:当然。我很乐意。

Sure.I'd love to.

C:对不起。我很乐意。但我必须首先做作业。

Sorry.I'd love to.But I have to do my homework first.

▲2、请你打开灯好吗?

Would you pleaseturn onthe light?

▲3、请关上门好吗?

Would youclosethe door?

◆二、学习请求允许:

◆我能.。。。吗?/我们能。。。吗?

Could I /we+do sth? Could I /we please +do sth?

◆肯定回答:

Sure.(当然可以)Of course.(当然可以)

No problem.(没问题)Yes, you can.(是的你可以)

◆否定回答:

Sorry.(对不起)./No, you can't.(不,不行)

You have to /must /should...first.

e.g.:

▲我可以借你的车吗?

Could Iborrowyour car?

watch TV?

goswimming?/go fishing?/go camping?/go shopping

playsoccer?

goto the movies?

关于to的用法

(1)介词to,有多种含义,to后面加名词或代词。

a.向(某处),去(某地)

eg. All roads leadtoRome .

条条大路通罗马。

Let’s gotothe movies .

让我们去看电影吧。

b.到(某时间或数量)

eg. It’s tentofour by my watch .

我的表是四点差十分。

Don’t leave thingstothe last moment .

不要把事情都推到最后一刻才做。

c.向,为

eg. I’ll speaktohim about it .

我去和他谈这件事

eg. Happy New Year !—The sametoyou !

彼此彼此。

d.对

eg. He is always politetous .

他一向对我们有礼貌。

(2)to做为动词不定式的标志,to +动词原形。

动词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式。to可以为其标志。也就是说,to后面如果加动词,或助动词,一定要加原形。

下面把我们学过的一些关于to的短语总结一下:

have to do sth不得不,必须做某事

need to do sth需要做某事

hate to do sth讨厌做某事

like to do sth喜欢做某事

want to do sth想做某事

love to do sth热爱做某事

forget to do sth忘记做某事

start to do sth开始做某事

begin to do sth开始做某事

ask sb to do sth请某人做某事

知识讲解Unit 11Could you please clean your room?

单元焦点

一、知识技能

你能熟记下列常用表达方式并灵活运用吗?

1.do the dishes

2.sweep the floor

3.take out the trash

4.fold your clothes

5.clean the living room

6.do chores

7.get a ride

8.play with sb.

9.forget to do sth.

10.do the laundry

11.hate to do (doing) sth.

12.take care of= look after

13.make dinner

14.make your bed

15.invite sb to a place

16.take sb. for a walk

17.give sb sth.=give sth to sb

18. Could you please clean your room?Yes, sure.

19. Could I please use the car?No, you can’t. I have to go out.

二、文化背景,交际策略

1.—Peter, could you please take out the trash?请你把垃极倒掉好吗?

—Sure, Mom.可以,妈妈。

—Could you please do the dishes?请洗盘子好吗?

—Sorry, I can’t. I have to do my homework.抱歉,我不能。我得做作业。

(1)在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中,常用could代替can,以表示礼貌,委婉或不确定的语气,而can则不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能把could看作can的过去式。以上两句中用could是为了表示礼貌的请求。表示请求帮助或请求允许时,除了can, could之外,还可以用may,句子的表达方式也各有不同,可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。例:

①Could/Can/May I use your car for a day?

②I wonder if I could use your car for a day?

③Do you mind if I use your car for a day?

对于①、②句所作允答可以各种各样,如同意可以说Yes,或Sure或Certainly,还可说Yes, (do) please.或Of course. (you may/can).或That’s OK/all right.如果不同意,可以说I’m sorry you can’t.或I’m really sorry, but I have to use it today.要避免说No, you can’t.这样显得很不礼貌。否定回答通常用委婉语气。对于句(3)所作回答可以说Never mind. /Not at all.表“不介意”。不能用Yes. /Sure. /Of course. /Certainly.等。

无论肯定还是否定应答中,要避免使用could,要用can或may。因为应答须用确定的语气。而could在表请求的问句中是为了表示礼貌或委婉语气,用在应答中则成了不确定语气,与情理不符。所以应答中不说Yes, you could.或No, you couldn’t.而要说Yes, you can.或Sorry. /No, you can’t.

(2).区别动词do和make。

“do”与动作及非实质性的事连用,与词尾是-ing的动作名词连用,如:do the dishes(洗餐具),do my homework(做我的家庭作业),do chores(做家务,处理琐事),do the laundry(洗衣),do the shopping(购物),do some reading(读书)

“make”表示“做、制造”、“整理”、“冲、泡(饮料)”等,如:

make your bed(铺床),make breakfast(做早餐),make dinner(做晚饭),make tea(泡茶,沏茶),make myself a cup of coffee(给自己冲一杯咖啡)

(3)take out带出(人),取出(物);take out of从……里取出

(4).trashn.(Am .E)rubbishn.( Bri. E )不可数名词,垃圾;废物

三.学法引导:

1.本单元的焦点话题是学会用could婉转提出请求和征求对方许可.

2.学习如何争得别人的允许或许可.

3.能写出一篇短信,要求你的朋友或家人当你不在时为你所做的事情.

知识链接:

1. I hate to do chores.我不喜欢做家务。

(1)do chores.= dohousework做家务

(2)hate vt.“不喜欢,讨厌、恨”,没有进行时。hate to do sth或hate doing sth厌恶做某事,to do更多表示具体的一次性的动作,而doing更多表示习惯性,经常的一般的动作。这与like后接to do或doing的用法一样。hate sb./sth讨厌某人/某事

I enjoy cooking but hate washing dishes.我喜欢做饭,但是我不喜欢洗盘子。

I like swimming but I hate to swim today.我喜欢游泳,但今天我讨厌游泳。

2. Could I invite my friends to a party on Saturday?我能请我的朋友参加聚会吗?

invitevt.“邀请”,意同ask,但invite更正式。

①invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事。

e. g.They invited me to join their club.他们邀请我参加俱乐部。

②invite sb. to place.邀请某人到某地

③invitationn.邀请

e. g. Thanks for your invitation.谢谢你的邀请。

Thank you for asking /inviting me.

3.Thanks for taking care of my dog.

“take care of”“照顾、照料、注意”,意思侧重于负责任的意思,后面的宾语可以是表示人或事物的名词或代词。

e. g. Mother takes good care of her children.妈妈照顾好她的孩子。

It’s not easy to take care of the sick.照顾病人是不容易的。

Take good care of the books.保管好这些书。

注:look after一般情况下可替换take care of,意思上强调看管或照料。

I have to look after myat home.我不得不在家照顾我妈妈。

4.I’m going to move to a new house.

move to /into…搬到,搬入……

e. g. They moved into the new apartment last week.上星期他们搬到新的公寓。

Later his family moved to New York.后来他一家搬到纽约。

5.. I need some help.我需要帮助。

We need to clean the house.我们需要打扫房子。

help作名词为不可数名词。

need作动词用法:need sth. /sb, need to do sth.

need还可用作情态动词,“必须”,否定形式“needn’t”,后跟动词原形。

You needn’t call him at once.你不需要马上打电话。

need作名词时指“需要,必需”时为不可数名词,指“必需品,要求”时常用复数。

e. g. There’s no need to do that.不需要做那事。

6.borrow some money借钱borrow(借进,借入),其反义词为lend(借出)

borrow sth. from sb.向某人借某物

lend sb. sth==lend sth to sb.把…...借给某人

You can borrow some money from your brother.你可以向你哥哥借些钱。

Can you lend me yourbike?你能借给我你的自行车吗?

注意在表达“借了多长时间”时,既不能用borrow也不能用lend

因为他们是终止性动词,要用keep.例如:

.How long may I keep the book?这本书我可以借多长时间?

7...How often do you clean your room?你多长时间打扫一次房间?

Every day/ seldom/ once /Every other day /每天/几乎不/一天一次/每隔一天

注意How often多么经常/ How soon多快/How long多么长时间/How far….多远

How soon will the dinner be ready? In ten minutes.晚饭还有多长时间做好?十分钟后。

解题点拨:

[例1]10. I want to_________ some money from you. Could you_______ it to me?

A. borrow, lendB. lend,borrowC. borrow, keepD. keep ,borrow

[解析]此题考查borrow(借进),和lend(借出),故答案为A

[例2].—Mum, Could I go shopping with you?

—Yes, ________. But you have to finish your homework first.

A. you canB. you couldC. you can’tD. You couldn’t

[解析]此题考查Could表示请求时的答语。因而答案是A。

Could you please clean your room?重点难点

【单元话题】

1. 学习向别人提出请求的礼貌语言.

2. 学习如何争得别人的允许或许可.

3. 能写出一篇短信, 要求你的朋友或家人当你不在时为你所做的事情.

【重要句型概览】

1. Could you please clean your room?  Yes, sure.

2. Could you please do the dishes?

Sorry, I can’t. I have to do my homework.

3. Could I please go to the movies?  Yes, you can.

4. Could I please use the car?    No, you can’t. I have to go out.

【重要词组概览】

do the dishes

sweep the floor

take out the trash

fold your clothes

clean the living room

do chores

get a ride

have to do sth.

forget to do sth.

do the laundry

hate to do (doing) sth.

like to do (doing) sth.

make dinner

make your bed

invite sb to a place

take sb. for a walk

play with sb.

give sb sth.=give sth to sb

take care of= look after



【语法聚焦】

表示请求、允许、许可

表示允许时用can, could, may, might表达。它们没有时态上的差别,只是could比can, might比may语气上要客气。(用can或could表示“许可”,虽然很普通,但在正式、庄重的场合用may。)

例如:

●A: Could I borrow your dictionary?   劳驾,我可以借你的字典用用吗?

B: Yes, of course (you can).      当然可以。

●Can表示“允许、许可”时,和may的意思相近,即can=may.

此时的否定式是can’t (=must not)

●Could/Can you please tell me how to get to the post office?

劳驾,您能告诉我怎么去邮局吗?

●Mr Li asked me whether I could go with him.

李先生问我是否可以和他一起去。

(此句中的could不能用can代替。)

表示请求时还可以用句型:Will/Would you …? 请(为我)……好吗?

该句型用于请求对方做某事。 Would you…?比较客气。语气比Will you…?要委婉。

例如:

●Will you pass me the spoon? 请把勺子递给我好吗?

●Would you lend me your dictionary? 请借你的词典用一下好吗?

答句为:

Yes, I will. 是的,可以。

Sure.     当然了。

All right.  好啊。

Certainly.  当然可以。

Yes, please. 好的,可以。

No, I won’t. 不,不行。

I’m sorry. I can’t. 对不起,不行。

No, thank you.     不了,谢谢。

●Shall I …? 我要…吗?

Shall we…? 我们一起 …好吗?

Shall we…? 与Let’s…. 意思上很相近。

Shall I carry it for you? 我来帮你搬它好吗?

Yes, please./ Yes, thank you.  好吧。/好吧,谢谢。

Shall we sing a song?  我们唱一支歌好吗?

No, let’s not. 不, 别唱了。

Unit 11 Could you please clean your room?本课词汇、短语

一、学习表示礼貌的提出请求:

请你...好吗?

Could you please +do sth Could you +do sth

Would you please +do sth Would you +do sth

肯定回答:

Sure. (当然可以)Of course. (当然可以)

No problem.(没问题) I'd love to.(我很乐意)

否定回答:

Sorry.(对不起) I'd love to (我很乐意).but I have to /must/should....

e.g.:

1、A:你能打扫一下我们的院子吗?

Could you please clean our yard

B:当然。我很乐意。

Sure.I'd love to.

C:对不起。我很乐意。但我必须首先做作业。

Sorry.I'd love to.But I have to do my homework first.

2、请你打开灯好吗?

Would you please turn on the light

3、请关上门好吗?

Would you close the door

二、学习请求允许:

我能....吗?/我们能...吗?

Could I /we+do sth Could I /we please +do sth

肯定回答:

Sure. (当然可以)Of course. (当然可以)

No problem.(没问题) Yes, you can.(是的你可以)

否定回答:

Sorry.(对不起)./No, you can't.(不,不行)

You have to /must /should...first.

e.g.:

我可以借你的车吗?

Could I borrow your car

watch TV

go swimming/go fishing/go camping/go shopping

play soccer

go to the movies

三、词组学习:

1、take out...取出...

take a shower洗澡

a taxi/bus/train/subway/plane搭乘...

sb. some time to do sth.花费某人多少时间做某事

a walk 散步

take photos 照相

take out the trash 取出垃圾/把垃圾取出来

trash 垃圾是不可数名词

2、do the dishes. 洗餐具=wash the dishes

do the laundry 洗衣服=wash the laundry

do chores 处理琐事;干家务=do housework

do homework 做作业

dish→复数加es 家务:chore是可数名词

Housework/homework是不可数名词

wash 也是清洗;

3、sweep the floor 清扫地板;扫地

the table /desk

sweep相当于clean 过去式kept

keep→kept sleep→slept睡

4、make your /the bed 整理床铺

5、fold your clothes 折衣服

6、clean the living room 打扫客厅

7、wash the car.洗车

8、go to a meeting 开会(指参加听讲)

=have a meeting

hold a meeting 开会(指召集会议)

9、work on +名词/v.ing从事;忙于

Work on the computer 从事电脑工作/忙于电脑工作

Science 从事科技工作

Math /English/Chinese

10、hate 憎恨;讨厌

后加动词时要用ing 形式hate doing sht讨厌做某事

反义词是enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事

love doing sth /like doing sth

11. borrow sth 借...

Could I borrow your book我能借一下你书吗?

borrow sth from sb. 向某人借某物

I want to borrow a bike from you.我想向你借自行车。

12、invite 邀请;恳请

invite sb 邀请某人

invite→名词:invitation请柬;邀请

Thanks for your invitation.(asking) 谢谢你的邀请。

13.disagree 不同意 agree 同意

Agree with sb.同意某人

14.take care of...=look after...照顾...

15.feed...喂养;饲养...

16.My +名词=mine 我的...

my 后要加名词,mine 后不能加名词

17.Stay out late.在外面呆得很晚

Stay out 呆在外面

I don't like you staying out late.

练习:

1.汉译英:

1.A:请你洗一下餐具好吗?

B:当然。我很乐意。

2.A:请你打扫一下地板好吗?

B:对不起。我很乐意。但是我必须做作业。

3.A:请你把垃圾取出好吗?

B:没问题。

4.A:请你折下你的衣服好吗?

B:对不起。我很忙。

5.A:请你打扫一下客厅好吗?

B:对不起。我必须准备考试。

6.A:我能用你的车吗?

B:没问题。

7.A:我能去看电影吗?

B:是的。不过你要先做作业。

8.A:我能在外面呆得很晚吗?

B:不行。

9.A:我能借下你的书吗?

B:当然可以。

重点难点

take的基本用法

take是最为常用的动词之一,现将其用法归纳如下:

(1)拿、取:

—Excuse me, may I borrow your colour pencils?对不起,我能用一下你的彩色铅笔吗?

—Certainly! Here, take this one.当然可以。这儿,你拿这个吧。

(2)拿走、带走、带去,该词义用法与bring的用法相对,bring表示朝着说话人的方向带来,take表示离开说话人的方向带走。它可以和介词to连用,构成短语take sb./sth.to some place(把某人/物带到某地)。如:

I want to take some books to the classroom.我想把这些书拿到教室。

Take it away,please.请把它拿走。

(3)选取,采取:

Take the fourth turning on the left.在第四个拐角向左转。

(4)乘车(船):

You'd better take a bus.你最好乘公共汽车。

(5)做:和与动词同形的名词连用。这时可与have互换,表示一个动作。如:

take(have)a rest休息一会儿

take(have)a look看一看

take(have) a walk散步

(6)花费,需要

常用于it做形式主语的句型,即:

“It takes sb.some time to do sth.”句型表示“某人花费……时间做某事”的意思。如:

It'll take you about half an hour to reach the hospital.你到医院要花半小时。

(7)吃、喝、服用:

Will you take a cup of tea? 喝一杯茶好吗?

Take this medicine twice a day.每天吃两次药。

单词解析

1.sweep/swi:p/

v.(swept[swept],swept)扫,扫除:He swept the floor with a broom.他用扫帚扫地。

【考点】sweep away扫走:sweep away the dirt清除垃圾。

2.trash/tr??/

n.垃圾;废物:take out the trash把垃圾拿出去

3.make/meik/

v.做;制作;制造;铺(床):Please make your beds before breakfast.请在早饭前把床铺好。

4.fold/f?uld/

v.折叠

【记忆法】同old, cold, gold等词联系记忆。

【考点】fold one's arm抱臂;fold sb./sth.in one's arms拥抱某人,抱住某物

【引申】folder硬纸夹;return to the fold回老家

5.laundry/?l?:ndri/

n.①洗衣店;②洗熨好的或需洗熨的衣服:There is not much laundry this week.本星期的洗熨衣物不多。

6.snack/sn?k/

n.小吃,点心(通常指匆匆食用者,尤指两正餐之间的):I only have a snack at lunchtime.我中午通常只吃点心。

7.borrow/?b?r?u/

v.借(入):She's going to borrow some books from the library.她打算到图书馆去借一些书。

【引申】反义词:lend借(出)

8.chore/t??:/

n.家务事,零活(如打扫,熨衣,铺床等):do the chores干杂活儿

9.store/st?:/

n.(美)商店,大百货商店

v.储藏,存储

【考点】out of store耗尽,售完

10.disagree/?dis??ɡri:/

v.意见不同,不同意

【记忆法】dis+agree,“dis”是表“相对,相反”的前缀,agree意为“同意”,则dis+agree意为“不同意”。

【考点】disagree with与……意见相左:I'm sorry to disagree with you.我很抱歉,我不同意你的意见。disagree about (on/over/to) sth.在……上不一致:Some people disagreed on the project.有些人对这项计划有不同意见。

【引申】同义词:argue, counter;反义词:agree。

11.teenager/?ti:neid??/

n.青少年(十三至十九岁的少男少女)

12.feed/fi:d/

v.(fed,fed)喂(养),饲(养):Have the pigs been fed yet?猪喂过没有?

【考点】feed oneself自己吃东西(不经他人喂):The baby can't feed itself yet.这婴儿还不会自己吃东西。be fed up with因多而生厌,不满:I am fed up with your grumbling.我听够了你的怨言。feed on以……为食:Cattle feed chiefly on grass.牛主要以草为食。

【引申】feeding-bottle奶瓶;feeder食者。

词语辨析

1.do与make

do和make都含有“做”的意思。do指做某项工作,如do morning exercises(做早操),do one's lessons(做功课)。make指做某种东西,如:make a coat (shoes, a desk, a chair, etc.)做上衣(鞋、书桌、椅子等)。

2.borrow与lend

(1)这两个动词都有“借”的意思。borrow指从别人那里借来东西(借入)。lend指把东西借给别人(借出)。如:

May I borrow your pen?可以借用一下你的钢笔吗?

Can you lend me your pen? 把你的钢笔借给我好吗?

(2)另外,要注意它们经常和固定的介词搭配。表示“向某人或某处借某物”用borrow something from somebody or somewhere。如:

Do you often borrow books from the library?你经常从图书馆借书吗?

(3)表示“把某物借给某人”,用lend something to somebody。如:

You mustn't lend it to others.你一定不要把它借给别人。

3.bring与 take

这两个动词都有“带”,“拿”的意思。bring指将某物(人)从别处拿(带)来。take则指将某物(人)从说话者所在地拿(带)走。如:

Take this empty cup away and bring me a cup of tea.请把这只空杯拿走,给我拿杯茶来。

注意:bring out与take out都作“取出来”解,两者可以互换。如:

Quickly the artist brought/took out paper and a brush.画家很快拿出了纸和画笔。

4.look(at)与see

look和see都有“看”的意思。

(1)look一般用作不及物动词,后面跟介词at构成短语动词才能表示及物的意义。look表示有意识地看,强调“看”的动作。如:

Look!That's a car.看!那是辆汽车。

May I look at your new book?我可以看看你的新书吗?

(2)look还可用作连系动词,作“看上去”解。如:

You look the same.你们看上去长得很像。

They look fine today.他们今天看上去气色不错。

(3)see是及物动词,也可用作不及物动词,是“有视力,有能力看见”的意思,强调“看”的结果,常与can连用,一般不用于进行时。如:

It's dark.I can't see.太暗了,我看不见。

I can see some animals over there.我能看见那边有一些动物。

A blind man can't see anything.盲人看不见任何东西。

(4)see还可以表示“会见”,“访问”,“观看”等意思。如:

See you again.再见。

Let's go to see a film.咱们去看电影吧。

5.take care of与look after

(1)take care of意为“照顾”,“照料”,侧重于负有责任这一层意思,后面的宾语可以是表示人的名词或代词,也可以是表示某些事物的名词或代词,比较口语化。如:

Please take care of my house.请照看一下我的家。

She takes care of everybody.她关心大家。

(2)look after一般情况下可替换take care of,在意思上强调看管或照料,其宾语可以是表示事物的名词或代词,但多数情况下是表示人或动物的名词或代词。如:

Will you look after my dog?请照看一下我的狗好吗?

On Sundays I help my grandfather look after the ducks.星期天我帮助爷爷照管鸭子。

I have to look after my sick sister at home.我不得不在家照顾生病的妹妹。

情态动词

情态动词,在英文中主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等。它很接近中文里的能愿动词。从用法上来说,它有这样几个特点:

1)各个情态动词自身都有一定的词义。

2)情态动词不能在句中独立担当谓语。

3)情态动词在句中不受任何人称,性,数变化的影响。

4) 情态动词后接的不定式(除ought外)都不带to,即接动词原形。

英文中的情态动词主要有:can, could; may, might; must; ought; need; dare, dared,另外,shall, will, should, would在一定的场合也可用作情态动词。例如:

He can speak five languages.他会说五种语言。

She must have arrived home by now.现在她准到家了。

We should study hard for our motherland. 我们应该为祖国而努力学习。

They needn't be in such a hurry for there is enough time

for them. 他们还有足够的时间,用不着这么慌张。

1. 常用情态动词的基本用法

can, could 能,会

(could可以看作是can的过去式,这两个词除了时态不相同外,在表达意思的许多方面是相同的。当然could也有自己独特的用法。)

1)表示脑力或体力上的能力

Nobody can stop the development of science.

谁也无法阻止科学的发展。

She can sing that song in English.她能用英文唱那歌。

He can submerge to a depth of about twenty meters.

他能潜入约二十米深的水中。

He could hardly support his family before he found the new job.他在找到那份新工作前几乎无法养家。

I could not understand the lecture on the computer given by Mr. Smith.

我听不懂史密斯先生作的那个关于计算机的讲座。

2)表示客观上的可能性

You can borrow this useful book from the library.

你可以从图书馆借到这种有用的书。

A more suitable person than him for the job can not be found. 不可能找到比他更适合这份工作的人了。

Now people can skate on the lake.现在人们可以在湖上滑冰了。

When the storm stopped, the plane could take off.

当风暴停下来时,飞机可以起飞了不得。

3)表示主观上的允许

Can I ask you some questions about it ?

我可以问你有关这件事的几个问题吗?

You can not leave here till I come back.直到我回来你才能离开。

Such kind of thing can't happen any more later.

这类事以后不准再发生了。

Can you tell me how to get to the airport ? 你能告诉我怎么去机场吗?

Could you tell me how to get to the airport ?

您能告诉我怎么去机场吗?

Could I be forgiven my negligence ? 请原谅我的疏忽,行吗?

4)(用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)表示猜测、怀疑或惊诧

How can / could you be here ? 你怎么会在这儿?

She couldn't / can't be so stupid to do that.

她不可能蠢得去做那种事吧。

He couldn't / can't be over seventy.他不可能有七十多岁了。

Where could / can the boy be now ? 那孩子现在能在哪儿呢?

另外,could还常用于表示较客气委婉的看法、提问及用于虚拟语气的结构中。这时候,could就不可以看作是can的过去式了。而是could自己独特的用法。如:

Could you speak a little slowly ?

您能稍微说慢一点儿吗?

I'm afraid that we couldn't give you any definite answer at this moment.

恐怕我们这时候还无法给予您任何确切的答复。

I could come earlier if asked.

如果要让我早一点来,我可以来早一点。

We would appreciate it if you could offer us any help.

如果您能为我们提供帮助的话,我们将不甚感激。

You could have done better if you had worked harder at it.

如果你再加把劲,本来可以干得更好一些的。

may, might 或许,可能,可以

(might可以看作是may的过去式,这两个词除了时态不相同外,在表达意思的许多方面是相近的。当然may 和might又都有一些各自不同的独特用法。)

1)可能性

I may be busy from tomorrow on.从明天起我可能会忙起来。

You may catch sight of the sunrise from here when you get up before 5 in the morning.你在早晨五点钟以前起来,或许能从这儿看到日出。

I wondered if they might agree with the idea.我想知道他们是否会同意这种想法。

She thought it might be wise to try her luck here.

她认为在这儿碰碰运气也不错。

2)表示允许

May I come in ? 我可以进来吗?

I'd like to have a smoke here if I may.

如果可以的话我想在这儿抽一支烟。

The librarian told her that she might return the book to the library in three days.

图书馆理员告诉她说,她可以在三天后还那本书。

At the press conference, a news reporter asked the chairman if she might trouble him with a question about Taiwan issue.

在记者招待会上,一位新闻记者问大会主席她是否能提一个有关台湾问题方面的问题。

3) may间或用来表示祝愿,也常用于表示目的或让步的状语从句中:

May that day come soon.但愿这天早日到来。

May you succeed in winning the first prize in the game.

祝愿你比赛夺冠成功。

May you continue in your efforts and achieve greatersuccesses.

祝愿你继续努力并取得更大的成功。

4) might也常用于表示目的等状语从句中,或用于虚拟语气的结构中:

I could not convince him, try as I might.我无论用什么样的办法也不能说服他。

They left off earlier on that day so that they might catch the first train.

那天,他们为了赶上头班车动身早一些。

He died so that the others might live.

为了其他的人能活下去,他自己牺牲了。

If you had made better use of your time, you might have learned more.假若你将自己的时间利用得更好一些,你本可以学到更多东西的。

One error in calculation might ruin the whole project.

计算中出一点错就可能毁掉整个工程。

注意:在回答以may引导的问句时,一般说来避免使用may,以免显得太严厉、或不太客气,而改用其他方式。例如:

--May I come in ? --Yes, please.请进。

我可以进来吗? --Sure. / Certainly..请进。

--Please don't..请不要进来。

--No, you mustn't.不行。

must 应该,必须,一定

1) 表示出于职责、义务该做某事

We must protect people's rights.我们应该保护人民的利益。

Everyone must be loyal to his motherland.

每个人都应该忠于自己的祖国。

You must serve the people when you grow up.

你们长大成人时应该服务于人民。

Students must work hard at their study.

学生应该努力学习。

2)表示出于主观意识而必须要做某事

We must speed up the pace of our economic reform.

我们必须加速经济改革的步伐。

We must keep steps to the scientific development.

我们一定要与科学的发展保持一致步调。

You must hurry up or you'll be late.

你必须得快点儿,不然会迟到的。

在这种用法中must表示出于主观意识而必须要做某事;have to却表示由于某种客观原因而不得不做某事。除此以外,have to自身有时态的变化形式。如:

I have to go now for I've got a meeting 15 minutes later.我现在必须要走了,因为我15分钟后有个会要开。

He has to be back home by five to fetch his son from kindergarten.

他必须在五点钟前回家去幼儿园接他的儿子。

Jenny had to tidy up the room before her mother came back.

珍尼不得不在她妈妈回家以前将房间整理好。

We'll have to reconsider the whole thing.

我们将不得不重新考虑整个事情。

注意:在这种用法中,回答以must引导的问句时,若是否定答复,不可以用mustn't 而需要用needn't 或是don't have to,因为mustn't意思是"绝不能、一定不要",而没有"不必"的意思。例如:

--Must we hand in our exercises today ? 我们今天必须交作业吗?

--Yes, you must.是的,必须交。

--No, you needn't (or, you don't have to ).

不,不必今天交。

3)表示禁止(用于否定句)

You must not speak ill of others.

你一定不要说别人的坏话。

Cars must not parked here. 这里禁止停车。

Smoking must not allowed in the office.严禁在办公室吸烟。

You mustn't talk to girls like that.你绝不能那样对女孩子说话。

4)表示猜测、推测must常用于肯定句中表示猜测。对现在或未来的事进行猜测时,后接动词原形;对已经发生的事进行猜测时,后接have + 过去分词。例如:

You must be tired after working so long.你工作这么久以后,肯定累了吧。

It must be that naughty boy crying outside.肯定是那个调皮的孩子在外面大叫。

The idea must be accepted by the society sooner or later.

这种想法肯定或迟或早会被社会所接受的。

It must have rained last night for it is so wet outside.

外面这么湿,昨晚肯定下雨了。

I didn't see you in class yesterday. You must have been

absent.我昨天上课没见着你,你肯定没有来。

Ought (后接带to的不定式构成谓语动词)应该

1)表示出于职责、义务该做某事

You ought not to be so careless in your work.你不应该在工作上如此粗心大意。

We ought to study hard for the sake of our motherland.

我们应该为了我们的祖国而努力学习。

His doctor said to him that he oughtn't to smoke so much.

他的大夫说他不应该抽这么多烟。

Oughtn't you to give us a chance to try ?

你难道不应该给我们一个尝试的机会吗?

2) 表示极有可能发生某事

As an auto repairman, Dick ought to know what is wrong with the car.

狄克作为一个汽车修理工总该知道这部车的毛病所在吧。

If we set off right now, we ought to be able to get there in time.

如果我们马上出发,我们应当能够按时到达那里。

Tomorrow ought to be a nice day for we have such a fine sunset today.

今天有这么好的晚霞,明天准是个晴天。

need(用于否定句和疑问句)需要

There are still one and a half hours to go, we needn't be insuch a hurry.

还有一个半小时,我们无需如此慌慌张张。

I hardly need say how much we missed you.不用说我们是多么想念你啊。

Need you go so soon ?你需要这么早就去吗?

You need have no anxiety on my account.你不必为我而着急。

dare, dared(用于否定句、疑问句和疑问句)敢

Dare you stay here alone in the night ? 你敢在夜里呆在这儿吗?

Nobody dared mention that matter. 没有人敢提那件事。

How dared you say that to her ? 你怎么敢对她说那件事?

Even if you dare do it, I won't allow you to because it's too dangerous.

即使你敢做,我也会让你做那件事,因为太危险了

shall 用作情态动词时,适用于第二人称和第三人称。

主要表示下面几层意思:

1)许诺

You shall hear everything directly you come.你一来就可以听到一切了。

"Whatever you want you shall have, "said the Fairy.

仙女说:"你想得到什么,你就可以有什么。"

I don't want to be hard on your daughter; she shan't be pressed.

我不想对你女儿太严厉,她不会太受压的。

I promise that you shall see her again before long.

我保证你不久就能再见到她。

2)命令

You shall come to my office immediately.你必须马上来我的办公室。

She shall not stay in my garden.她不可以呆在我的花园里。

He shall not come into my study. 不许他进我的书房。

You shall do as you are told.按告诉你的那么做。

3)决心(表示某事一定会发生)

That day shall come.那一天一定会到来。

It has been decided that he shall be given the job.

肯定给他那份工作的事已经定下来了。

This law shall come into effect on January 1st 2001

这个法律于2001年元月1日生效。

4)规定

Each competitor shall wear a number.每个参赛者要佩戴一个数字标。

The renter shall keep the house in a neat and orderly state.

租赁者要保持房屋整洁有序。

The supplier shall make shipment before October and the purchaser shall make payment within 15 days after

receipt of the goods.卖方十月以前装运,买方在收到货物后十五天内付款。

should

(用作情态动词时,有时表示具体的意思,有时却没有意义。主要用于下面几个方面。)

1)表示出于职责、义务该做某事

You shouldn't come to such a decision hastily.

你不应该匆匆忙忙地作出这么一个决定。

You should write to your parents at least once a month.

你应该至少每月给你父母亲写一封信。

We should read English aloud every morning.

我们应该每天早晨朗读英文。

They should do it for their own good.

为了他们自己利益他们应该做这件事。

2)表示对某种情况的估计

She shouldn't be out in such an early morning.

她不会这么一大早就出去了吧。

The effect of the tax should be felt in higher prices.

人们可能会从各种上涨的物价中感觉到这种税的影响的。

The event should lead them to a even worse economic crisis.这次事件可能会将他们引向更严重的经济危机。

This book should be published in two months at most.

这本书最多两个月后就会出版的。

3)表示惊讶、失望等情绪

I think it is dreadful that anyone should be so miserable.

我认为,竟然每个人都如此伤心就太糟糕了。

Why should I pay him for nothing ? 我干吗要无为地付给他钱?

It seems so unfair that this should happen to me.

这件事竟然发生在我身上似乎太不公平了。

It's strange that it should be so cold today.奇怪,今天怎么会这么冷。

4)用于某些从句中表示虚拟语气

The doctor insisted that the girl should be hospitalized.

大夫坚持认为那个女孩要住院治疗。

If it had not been for the doctor's care the girl should not be speaking to you now.要不是由于大夫的精心照料,这个女孩现在就不能与你说话了。

She stood away so that he should enter the room first.

她让到一边,好让他第一个进入房间。

I'll write it down lest I should forget it 我将它记下以免遗忘。

Take an umbrella with you in case it should rain.

带上雨伞,以防万一下雨。

will, would

(would可以看作是will的过去式,这两个词除了时态不相同外,在表达意思的许多方面是相近的。当然will 和would又都有一些各自不同的独特用法。)

1)用于第二人称疑问句,表示请求(在这种用法中would使语气更为客气、委婉)

Will you tell her that I'll be back in twenty minutes ?

请告诉她我二十分钟后回来,好吗?

If you want help, just let me know, will you ?

你需要帮助就告诉我,好吗?

Won't you come in and have a little whisky ?

你要不要进来喝一点儿威士忌?(或是:你进来喝一点儿威士忌,好吗?)

Would you tell me how to get to the shopping center ?

您能告诉我怎么去购物中心吗?

2)用于表示愿望

Go where you will.去你想去的地方吧。

I will pay you at the rate you ask.我会按你要的利率付给你钱的。

He wouldn't let the doctor take his blood pressure.他不愿意让大夫给他量血压。

They had to obey whether they would or not.他们不得不遵从他们的意愿。

3)表示习惯、倾向(可译成"总是会、老是,等" )

Sometimes the cat will lie there all afternoon.

有时侯,那只猫总是整个下午都躺在那儿。

Oil and water will not mix.油和水决不能调和。

He would sit there for hours, doing nothing at all.

他总是在那儿一坐就是几个小时,什么都不干。

4)表示猜测(可译成"一定是……、想必……,等" )

This will be the house you're looking for.这想必就是你要找的房子吧。

He will have gone back to New Zealand.他一定是回新西兰去了。

The person you mentioned would be the father, is that right ?

你说的那个人一定是爸爸了,对吗?

That would be in 1999, I think.那大概是在1999年吧。

5)will用于表示决心(可译成"一定要,决心,等" )

We will never talk about that subject again.

我们决不会再谈论这个话题了。

I will make this computer work even if I have to stay up all night.

我即使整晚不睡觉也一定要让这台计算机工作起来。

6)would常用于虚拟条件句,表示与事实相反或不太可能实现的情况

But for your help we would have been late.要不是你帮忙我们就迟到了。

Well, I wouldn't worry about it. It won't do me any good.

好了,我不会担心那件事的,因为它不会给我带来什么好处。

2. 关于情态动词后面接进行式和完成式的情况

一般说来,"进行式"表示动作正在发生或进行;"完成式"则表示动作是发生在过去或是表示按理是发生了但事实上却没有发生。下面我们分别讨论一下各种具体情况。

A. 关于情态动词后面接进行式的情况

can后面接进行式 表示可能正在发生的动作,例如:

What can she be doing at this moment ? 这个时候她会在做什么呢?

You can't be telling us the truth.你不可能在对我将真话。

Can he be still thinking of it I told him ?

他会不会还在考虑我告诉他的那件事呢?

may后面接进行式表示可能正在发生的动作,例如:

Your mother may be waiting for you to return home.

你妈妈可能正等着你回家吧。

She may be leaving for New York tomorrow or some day.

她或许明天或者什么时候会动身去纽约。

They may be returning back before Christmas.他可能圣诞节前回来。

might后面接进行式表示可能正在发生的动作,例如:

They might be planning to make a loan for their new project.

他们也许在为他们的新项目策划贷款的事。

She might still be crying for being wronged.

她或许因为受了冤枉还在啼哭。

You might be telling me a lie.你也许在对我撒谎。

must后面接进行式 表示想必正在做某事,例如:

You must be thinking where I learned it.你一定在想我是从哪儿知道这件事的。

They must be following us just a little behind us.

他们肯定在离我们不远的地方尾随着我们。

My brother must be sleeping in bed for it's so quiet in the house.

家里这么安静,我弟弟一定在床上睡觉。

should后面接进行式表示应该正在做某事,例如:

You should be doing your exercises instead of watching TV.

现在你该在做作业而不是看电视。

You shouldn't be thinking about the solution only in one way.

你不应该只用一种方法考虑解决问题的办法。

Why should I be waiting here without doing anything ?

我凭什么在这儿白等。

B.关于情态动词后面接完成式的情况

can后面接完成式 表示可能已经做了某事。例如:

He can't have left home because the television is on.

因为电视还开着所以他不会离开家了。

Where can they have gone ? 他们会去了哪儿呢?

You can't have finished the novel so soon.

你不可能这么快就看完了那本小说。

could后面接完成式 表示本可能发生或本可以做的事而没有发生或没有做;它的否定形式则表示本不可能发生或本不可以做的事而已经发生或已经做了。例如:

The output could have been increased by 15%.产量本可以提高百分之十五的。

How could he have forgotten him birthday ? 他怎么会忘了自己的生日呢?

Judging from her appearance and manner,she couldn't have been over fifty years old. 从她的仪表和举止来看,她不可能已有五十多岁了。

may后面接完成式 表示可能已经发生的动作。例如:

He may have had some training in Chinese Gongfu.他可能学过一些中国武术。

You may have narrowly missed her on your way to here.

你可能在来这儿的路上刚好与她错过了。

They may have seen that movie.他们或许看过那部电影。

might后面接完成式 表示本可能发生或本可以做的事而没有发生或没有做。例如:

They might have finished their work by now.他们现在或许已经完成任务。

She might have done better than that.你本可以做得比这更好一些的。

You might have learned more from him. 你本可以向他学到更多一些东西的。

must后面接完成式 表示想必已经发生的事。例如:

You must have talked about it with her before hand.你一定事先与她谈过这件事。

It must have snowed last night for it's so cold this morning.

今天早晨这么冷,昨晚一定下雪了。

ought to后面接完成式表示本应该发生或本应该做的事而没有发生或没有做;它的否定形式则表示本不应该发生或本不应该做的事而已经发生或已经做了。例如:

They ought to have completed their work much earlier.

他们本应该在更早一些的时候完成他们的工作的。

You oughtn't to have left your keys in the office when you went out.

你不该出去的时候将钥匙留在办公室里。

I ought to have said it to her in a calmer mood.

我应该以更平静一些的语气对她说那件事的。

need后面接完成式主要用于否定句中,表示不必要做的事而已经做了。例如:

We needn't have read the Fast Reading materials before we do it in class.

我们在做快速阅读练习之前没有必要把阅读材料先看过了。

You needn't have apologized to him for nothing yesterday.

你昨天没有必要无为地向他道歉.

should后面接完成式表示本应该发生或本应该做的事而没有发生或没有做;它的否定形式则表示本不应该发生或本不应该做的事而已经发生或已经做了。例如:

I should have written to you earlier. But I've really been busy.

我本应该早就给你写信的;不过我真的一直都很忙。

You shouldn't have left your son alone at home.

你不该将你儿子一个人留在家里的。

He shouldn't have broken the red light.

他不该闯红灯的。

3. 常用情态动词的用法比较

1)在表示"可能性"方面

can 、should 、may 、might这四个词都可以用来表示"可能性"。

但在表达的语气和程度方面有所不同:

can 和should表示以事实、理由为依据而存在的可能性;其中should的主观性较强,往往含有"应该会怎么样"的意思。总体上说,这两个词在这方面的语气较强、较肯定。与之相比,may 和might这两个词在这方面的语气较弱些、没有那么肯定,表示主观意断的可能性,没有足够的客观依据。其中,might的语气更为委婉、更弱。例如:

You can't expect to be a top student without working hard at your study.(这种可能性很大。因为,不努力学习怎么能成为尖子生呢?)

This book should be found easily in the library.(说话人认为,图书馆应该有很多这类书籍,所以应该很容易找到。)

You may meet her at the party today.(说话人认为,你今天或许有机会、有可能见到她。)

You might mistake what I mean.(说话人婉转地说明,大概、也许你误会我的意思了。)

2)在表示"允诺"方面

在表示"允诺"的can,may, might三个情态动词中,以might最为客气、委婉;may为居中;而can是表达这方面意思的普通词。在这种情况下,要根据具体情况来选用这三个情态动词。例如:

You can leave now. (用于熟识的人之间;或是公事公办的情况。)

May I trouble you with a question ?(用于礼貌地提出请求。)

Might I have another cup of coffee?(用于陌生或正式的场合,非常委婉、得体地提出请求。)

3)在表示"应该"方面

must,ought, should都能用来表示"出于某种职责、义务而应该怎么样"的意思。以must的语气最强烈;ought为居中;而should是表达这方面意思的普通词。例如:

We must build our motherland into a strong country with four modernization.(语气很强烈。表示我们应该把自己的祖国建设成一个具有四个现代化的强国,而且我们非得这样做不可。)我们一定要将我们的祖国建成为一个具有四个现代化的强国。

Students ought to study hard.(这种用法较有针对性,较具体,作为学生要努力学习是责无旁贷的。学生应当努力学习。

Students should study hard.(这种用法可理解为一般的提法、号召。)

学生应该努力学习。

4)在表示"猜测"方面

在情态动词中can 、should 、may 、might 、must都可以用于表示"猜测"。实际上, "猜测"与"可能性"在逻辑上是有必然联系的。如果认为没有某种可能性,人们就不会作出某些猜测。因此,这里讨论的五个情态动词之间的区别与他们各自在表示"可能性"方面的差异是相关的。

-- 在五个情态动词中must的语气最为强烈,它是以事实为依据而进行的逻辑上的推理,因此它所指的动作发生的可能性最大。

--can 和should表示以事实、理由为依据而进行猜测,它们所指的动作有发生的可能性,但语气没有must那么肯定。其中should的主观性较强,往往表示说话人猜想"应该会怎么样"的意思。

--may 和might这两个词在这方面的语气较弱、没有那么肯定,表示说话人根据自己的主观意断而进行的猜测,一般地说没有足够的客观依据。其中,might的语气更弱一些。例如:

As a football fan, he must have watched the football match on TV last night --Brazil vs. France.

(说话人料定自己的推测不会有错:哪有足球迷不看巴西队与法国队比赛的道理。)作为一个足球迷,他昨晚肯定看了那场巴西对法国的比赛。

He can't be out I just saw him a moment ago.

(他不可能出去,因为我刚刚还见过他。)他不可能出去,因为我刚才一会儿还见过他。

It's 2:30.I think she should be in her office.

(现在两点半是上班时间,她应该在办公室。)现在两点半钟。她应该在她的办公室。

Brown may come back in ten minutes or so.

(布朗或许一会儿回来,也许不回。)布朗或许十分钟左右就会回来的。

I thought although she was clever she might have difficultylearning a foreign language.

(尽管她很聪明,但也许在学习语言方面会有困难。)我认为,尽管她很聪明但也许在学习语言方面还是会有困难的。

情态动词could的用法

could的否定形式是could not,多缩写为couldn't,两者通常都读作[>kudnt]。

(1)表示能力,意思是:能,会。

【例】

Could you speak English then? 那时你能讲英语吗?

He said he couldn't follow me. 他说他跟不上我。

注意:①could(能)和was/were able to 都表示过去一般具有某种能力。

【例】

He could (was able to) swim very well when he was nine. 他九岁时就很会游泳。

②was (were) able to 可以表示过去某时有某种具体的能力并且实际上可以做到,但could表示过去的习惯能力。

【例】

Although the driver was badly hurt, he was able to explain what had happened. 司机虽受重伤,但仍能说明发生了什么事。

(2)表示可能性,意思是:可能。

【例】

That big cinema can seats 2,000 people. 那家大电影院能坐2,000人。

He said he couldn't come. 他说他不能来。

(3)提出请求、疑问或看法(could是虚拟语气,代替can,在时间上与can没有区别,只是语气比can委婉。can语气直爽、肯定)。

【例】

----Could you let me have your passport?

----Yes, here it is.

—看看你的护照好吗?

—行,这就是。

(4)表示惊异、不信等情绪(用于疑问和否定句中,此时could与can用法相同,无时间上的差别,用could语气缓和,情绪要弱)。

【例】

Who could have taken them? 谁会把它们拿走了呢?

She couldn't have left so soon. 她不可能这么快就走了。

(5)表示与事实相反的情况(用于虚拟语气)。

【例】

I would certainly do it for you if I could. 要是我能做得到,我一定会为你们做这事儿。

How I wish I could go with you! 我多么希望和你们一道去!

can和could的用法辨析

1) can和could表示能力,can用于现在时,could用于过去时或表示委婉的说法,而be able to可以用于各种时态。

【例如】He is over 80 but still can read without glasses.

He could speak French, so he was able to help the French lady yesterday.

This is the information I've been able to get so far.

I used to be able to remember thing quickly.

2) can和could可以表示可能性和许可。在表示许可时,may比较正式。

【例如】

Sports and games can be fairly expensive. (可能性)

You can walk for miles in the country without meeting anyone. (可能性)

You can go now if you really have something urgent. (许可)

You may return the books you borrowed to the library on Friday. (许可)

3) can和could接动词的完成形式,表示可能已经做某事。can用在否定和疑问句中,表示

不相信、怀疑等态度。

【例如】

They can't have gone out because the light is on.

He can't be in the library, for I saw him in the department store a moment ago.

You ____her in the office last Friday; she has been out of town for two weeks. (CET-4 1996, 1)

A) needn't have seen B) must have seen

C) might have seen D) can't have seen

本句译为:你上星期五不可能在办公室看到她。她已经离开镇上两个月了。can't have seen意思是:不可能干什么,含不相信的态度,与句意相符,故选择D.

例句讲解

1.Could you please take out the trash? 你把垃圾带出去好吗?

Could you please…是表示请求的一个常用句式,表示请求时可用can, could, may,might表达,它们没有时态上的差别,只是could比can, might比may语气上要客气。用can或could表示“请求”,虽然很普遍,但正式、庄重的场合用may或might为宜。如:

Could (can) you tell me how to get to the zoo? 你能告诉我怎么去动物园吗?

Could (can) you lend me some money, please?你能借给我一些钱吗?

2.Could you please do the dishes? 你洗餐具好吗?

(1)do与the+名词或与my,his等+名词连用,指日常事务,如打扫卫生,洗洗涮涮、整理家务、修修补补等。如:

do the dishes洗碗碟

do one's teeth刷牙

do the silver擦洗银器

(2)the dishes指餐具,如:

Put away the dishes, please.请放好餐具。

3.I like washing the car because I can be outside.我喜欢洗车,因为洗车时我可以呆在外面。

(1)because/bi>k&:z/:因为,是一个表原因的连词常用来引导原因状语从句或用于回答why所提出的问题。如:

I want another because this one is too small.我想另外要一个,因为这个太小了。

—Why don't you go with us?你为什么不和我们一起走?

—Because I have a lot of homework to do.因为我有许多家庭作业要做。

(2) outside此处为副词,意为“在外面;在户外;露天”。如:

The children are playing outside.孩子们在外面玩呢。

It's warmer outside than in this room.外面比这间屋子里暖和。

4.Have fun!好好玩!

have fun是一个固定搭配,意思是“好好玩”、“愉快地玩”。have fun doing结构则表示“开心地做……”、“愉快地做……”。如:

They often have fun flying kites.他们经常开心地放风筝。

典型例题解析

1.David_________a new watch for his father yesterday.(2002·北京)

A. buyB. buys

C. boughtD. is buying

赏析:从原题看,David昨天给他父亲买手表,是过去时,而A、B是一般理代时,D是现在进行时,所以选C。

答案:C

2.What do you usually do________Sundays?(2002·浙江)

A. atB. inC. onD. for

赏析:在这里考查介词at,in,on与时间连用的用法,at之后跟具体的时间点或某个时节,in之后跟季节、月份、年或泛指的上午、下午、晚上,而on之后跟星期几或有限制的某天,故选C。

答案:C

3.I________know you_________here.(2003·中考)

A. don't areB. didn't;are

C. don't;wereD. didn't;were

赏析:在这里考查宾语从句,此题意思是“我不知道你在这儿”。原先不知道你在这儿,而现在已知道了。故选D。

答案:D

4.He_________sixteen next year.(2003·中考)

A. is going to beB. is going to

C. will beD. will going to

赏析:此题考查一般将来时,B不符合“be going to+动词原形”这一结构,D不符合will/shall+动词原形,C表示主观意志,而明年他就要十岁,不以人的意志,故选A。

答案:A

5.There__________a sports meeting in our school next week.(2003·中考)

A. will holdB. will have

C. is going to beD. is going to have

赏析:本题考查there de结构和将来时态二者结合运用,即there is going to be+名词,不能应用为there is going to+动词+名词,所以A,B,D,都不对,故选C。

答案:C

例题解析

【例1】—Could I have a cup of tea?

—________

A.Yes, you couldB.No, you couldn't

C.Not too badD.Sure, help yourself

精析该句是向对方提出请求,不能用回答一般疑问句的方式回答;用help yourself是“请随意”的意思,正好回答了对方的请求。

答案D

【例2】________ I open the window? It's so warm here.

A.MustB.WillC.ShallD.Would

精析在以I或we做主语的问句中,一般用shall来征求对方的意见或者询问情况。

答案C

【例3】Could you give me ________, please?

A.two pieces of beefB.two pieces of beeves

C.two niece of beefD.two piece of beeves

精析piece是量词,是可数名词,与two连用时应用复数,故C、D不能选;beef是不可数名词,不能变复数,故B不能选。

答案A

【例4】—Could I sit here, please?

—________

A.Yes, you couldB.No, you couldn't

C.I don't agreeD.Yes, please

精析Could I…?是一种有礼貌的请求,一般不能用Yes, you could/No, youcouldn't.作回答,而I don't agree.更不符合英美的语言习惯。

答案D

【例5】选择题

Don't forget ________ tell him the news.

A.onB.atC.forD.to

误点未认识到此处动词forget后接动词不定式作宾语。

精析本句是祈使句,forget是及物动词,后应带宾语,作forget的内容。因tell是动词形式,故用不定式作宾语,这符合forget的用法。forget to do sth.意为“忘记要做(某事)”(指这件事还没有做)。另外,forget doing sth.意为“忘记做过(某事)”(这件事已做过了,但忘记了)。

答案D

【例6】选择题

All the food ________ on the table.

A.areB.wereC.wasD.weren't

误点没有分清food是可数名词还是不可数名词,一看all在主语中,以为是复数,导致错选A、B或D项。

精析本句中food是中心词,而food是不可数名词,应看作单数;all在这里修饰food。all既可以修饰可数名词(这时可数名词必须用复数),也可以修饰不可数名词,故本句主语是单数。

答案C

中考真题全解

1.-Can you go swimming with us this afternoon?

-I’d like to, but I ______take care of my little sister at home became my mother is ill.

A. need

B. must

C. should

D. have to(2005青岛)

【解析】选D对Could /Can you do sth句型发出的邀请表示拒绝后,可以用have to do sth(不得不干某事)need to do sth来解释拒绝的原因。

2.This morning I went to work in such a hurry that________ the key to my office at home.

A.forgot

B.B. left

C.C. missed

D. lost(2000青岛)

【解析】选B把某物遗留在某地要用leave,过去使用left。

3.Shall we go out for a walk after supper?(改写句子,句意不变)__________a walk after supper?

(2000青岛)

【解析】填What about taking go out for a walk=take a walkWhat about doing sth干什么事好吗?

4.Why do you ______(不喜欢)traveling by air?(2000青岛)

【解析】填hate.Hate doing sth不喜欢干某事

5.My mother often asks me ____ early.

A. get upB. got up

C. getting upD. to get up(2003北京)

【解析】选择D.ask sb to do sth要求某人干某事ask后跟不定式

6. Mrs Brow isn’t here. She has to _____her baby at home.

A. look at

B. look af

C. look like

D. look after(2003北京)

【解析】选择Dlook after = take care of照看,照顾的意思

7. You have ______my books for twomonthssorry I’llreturnit tomorrow.

A got

B lent

C borrowed

D kept(2005山东)

【解析】选择D表达借有或拥有,持有一段时间,要用延续性动词have或keep.现在完成时have加过去分词kept

8. ______camera is not expensive as ______, but it works well, too.

A My,his

B Mine,him

C My,him

D Mine,his(2005苏州)

【解析】选择A形容词性物主代词my修饰名词camera名词性物主代词his单独使用,相当于his camera

9. I have got a new computer.My father____as a birthday present.

A.gave them to me

B.gave it to me

C. gave one to me

D. gave me one(2005常州)

【解析】选择Bgive sb sth=give sth to sb

把某物给某人。当双宾语均为代词时通常用give sth to sb结构a new computer为单数代词用it

10.—I won't have a trip toMount Huang unless my best friend Amy___too.

— You mean you'll go if Amy goes?

A. will invite

B. invites

C. is invited

D. will be invite(2005青岛)

【解析】选择Cinvite sb to do sth邀请某人干某事被动语态,be加过去分词另外主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时

11. Are you getting on well with your teacher at school? Yes, All of us _____by the teachers

A. are taken good care

B. taken good care of

C.are taken good care of

D. take good care(2005湖北)

【解析】选择C take good care of照看的好

被动语态are taken good care of

12.I think drinking milk is good _____our health.

Yes, I agree_____ you

A for with

B to to

C with to

D at with(2005福建)

【解析】选择Dbe good at sth擅长某事

agree with sb同意某人固定短语

13. The boy with two dogs ______in the good when theearthquakerocked the city.

A is playing

B was playing

C are playing

D were playing(2005厦门)

【解析】选择B根据句意,从句为过去,主语应用过去进行时the boy with two dogs主语为the boy,谓语动词be应用as….as

14.—I heard you liked small animals very much

—Yes, I_____a dog and a cat as pets.

A kept

B fed

C found

D sent(2005安徽)

【解析】选择Bfeed饲养、喂养的意思,过去式为fed

15.—How is it going?

—Thanks _____the wenther, the crops grow well

A to

B for

C a lot(2005山西)

【解析】选择BThanks for sth固定短语为某事而感谢

16.—_______to give the letter to Mr. Wang It’s very important

—No, I won’t

A Remember

B Don’t forget

C Be sure

D Make sure(2005北京)

【解析】选择B根据答语选择BDon’t forget to do sth不要忘记去干某事

17.—It took me nearly 40 minutes to ride here.

—Have adrink , please. You______be thirsty.

A. will

B must

C. should

D. can(2004青岛)

【解析】选择B.情态动词must表推测。肯定的意思。

18.I'm sure Tom is athome because I' ve seen himupstairs.

A. run

B. running

C. to walk

D. walked(2004青岛)

【解析】选择A. see sb doing sth看见某人正在干某事,see sb do sth看见某人干了某事。根据意思选A.

19.Lily finished ___ the book yesterday.

A. read

B. reading

C. to read

D. reads(2002青岛)

【解析】选择B.finish doing sth结束干某事。Finish后跟动名词。

20.—What makes himso angry?

—His sonthe exam.

A. to feel;didn’t pass

B. feel;didn’t pass

C feel;passed

D. feeling;has passed(2002青岛)

【解析】选择B. make sb do sth让某人干某事。make后跟省略to的不定式,再根据句意选择B。

视野拓展

美国人的饮食习惯

一般来说,美国人的食物是清淡的(bland),不怎么加调味品(unspiced)。色拉(salad)非常受人喜爱,终年都会出现在餐桌上。许多美国人对“卡路里”(calorie)很敏感,因为他们都尽量在减轻自己的体重(keep down their weight)。美国人吃饭的主菜通常是肉、家禽(fowl)或鱼,但一餐饭一般也只吃一种,海鲜食品是例外的,它们可以作为开胃菜(appetizer)。许多美国人喜欢边吃饭边喝咖啡或茶。但美国餐馆除非有执照(licensed),否则是不许出售啤酒(beer)、葡萄酒(wine)或烈性酒(liquor)的。多数美国人的吃饭速度很快,除非是社交、商务场所或家人聚餐。但晚餐通常是悠闲的(leisurely)全家相聚的时间。另外,美国的连锁快餐店(chains of fast food restaurant)是一个典型的美国饮食现象,麦当劳(McDonald’s)是这些连锁店中最

  

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