爱华网单词记忆
单词记忆密码之一 头头是道
第一组、隐姓埋名系列
在周星驰主演的《唐伯虎点秋香》中，唐伯虎抛弃荣华富贵，隐姓埋名卖身为奴，通过画画、报信、捡风筝、装死、耍赖等手段，千方百计接近心上人秋香，一片赤诚之心感天动地，有情人终成眷属。
请问, “唐伯虎抛弃荣华富贵，隐形埋名，卖身为奴给华府” 如何翻译成英文呢？
Discarding his status and wealth, TigerTang anonymously sold himself to Chamber Hua where he servedas a humble servant.
anonymously是副词，它的形容词anonymous已经在研究生考试中出现了2次，考察到它表示 ‘匿名的，无名的’，为什么anonymous具有这个意思呢？
anonymous= a(否定) + nonym(=name) + ous(形)
连名字都没有，当然是匿名的；
常用表达：
anonymous letter
匿名信
anonymous donation
匿名捐款
问题: 除了a-，还有许多带尾巴的ab-, abs-, ac- ,ad-………….这些后缀什么意思呢？都是否定吗？
1 ab = [away远离, no否定]
3种变形 : a , ab, abs
2 ad = [add强调, to方向]
10种变形: a , ac(用在c,q, u之前), af, ag ,al, an, ap , ar, as ,at
记忆方法: “辅音同化”
举例:
affect=af + fect(做). vt.影响
arrest=ar+ rest(休息) vt.逮捕(让罪犯休息)
aggressive = ag + gress(走) +ive. a.侵略的
acquire= ac + qui(谐音:取) +re vt.获得
1. 当前面是 ab，abs时 = 远离away , 否定
2. 当前面是 a（二八原则）
1) 80% 表示:强调add，方向to
abide=a+ bide (bear) 不断的忍受规定, 遵守 abide(by)
2) 20% 表示: 远离away , 否定
辨析：amoral, immoral
amoral与道德无关的(远离道德)
immoral不道德的
区分技巧：ab俺不: 远离away , 否定(ab, abs)
ad俺的: 强调add,方向 (包括ad10个变体)
§1 a, ab, abs = away (远离)
abandon vt 放弃,放纵
= ab (away) + band乐队【助记】俺不参加乐队了
小翻译: 沉迷酒色
abandon oneself in alcohol and sex.
abnormal = ab (away)+ normal
a. 不正常的，变态的
South China Normal University
normal = norm + al
norm: 规范, 准则
enormous= e(ex) + norm + ous(多)
a.巨大的, 庞大的
abuse = ab(away)不会 +use使用
vt. 滥用; 虐待
abstruse = abs(away)不能 + truse(=trude伸)
a.深奥难的, 难以以理解的【助记】不能深入到问题的本质, 因为问题是深奥难的,不是以理解的
intrude = in (向里) + trude(伸)
v.强挤入; 把(自己的思想) 强加于人
protrude = pro (向前) + trude(伸)
v.突出
asymmetric = a + symmetric
symmetric= sym(same) + metr(=meter) + ic
a. 对称的
asymmetric不对称的
absorb = ab(away) + sorb( suck吸)
vt. 吸收(营养,液体), 吸引(注意力)
absurd =ab(away离) + surd(sound)
[助记]听起来很离奇的故事 a. 荒谬的，离奇的
absent =ab(away) + sent(send) a.缺席的
小翻译: 心不在焉的
absent-minded
§2 a, ad, a-变体: 强调,方向
adolescent = ad(强调) + ol(olive橄榄叶) + escent(形容词) [助记]青春就象绿色的橄榄叶, 充满生命.
a.青春的，青春期的（13-16岁）n.青少年
adult = ad + ult(old) a.成年的, n.成年人
abolish = a(强调) + boli(谐音:剥离) + sh(动词)
[助记]剥离一个制度就是 ---- vt.废止, 废除(法律、制度、习俗等)
abundant= a + bund [谐音:(身体)棒的] + ant(形容词) ----身体棒的, 所以生产多的---- a.丰富的，盛产的 = ample
小翻译: 丰收
abundant harvest
高频短语： [书]abundant with = [口] rich in
小翻译：广东盛产荔枝
Canton is abundant with (rich in) Lychee.
redundant = re (again) + dund [谐音:多的] + ant ----一再的多----a.多余的,累赘的 (more than is needed) = excessive
accelerate= ac(强调) + celer(速度) + ate(动词)
v.加速, 促进
[书]celerity 速度 = [口]speed
company?
company = com(e)来 + pany(谐音：陪你)
n.伙伴，合伙公司
小翻译：近朱者赤，近墨者黑。
Who keeps company with the wolf will learn tohowl. 跟狼在一起， 就会学狼叫.
companion n. 伙伴, 同伴
accompany = ac(to) + company
v. 陪伴, 伴随；为…伴奏
accomplish = ac + complish(complete)
v. 完成 (任务)；达到 (目的)；实现 (计划)
同源词:
accomplishment n. 成就 [助记]完成了任务有成就
accomplished a. 熟练的[助记] 完成任务凭借熟练技巧
accustom =ac+ custom(=costume服装)，【助记】跟别人穿一样的服装,入乡随俗
vi.使习惯与to = get used to
accompany = ac + company 【助记】一直做你的伙伴，当然是陪伴你
vt. 陪伴
adhere=ad + here [助记]一直坚持在这里
vi.粘附;坚持
小翻译：尽管有人反对他仍然坚持他原来的计划．
In spite of the objection, he adheres to (sticks to) hisoriginal plan.
小翻译：成功属于坚持到底的人．
Success belongs to those who adheres to (sticks to) the end.
司法程序
指控accuse -- 宣判无罪acquit -- 宣判有罪convict
accuse= ac + cuse (curse诅咒)
vt.指责; 指控(of) = charge (with)
小翻译: 他被指控盗窃
He’s accused of (charged with) stealing.
acquit = ac(to) + quit(退出) 法官让你退出法庭,不受起诉
vt.宣告无罪
小翻译:陪审团宣告他被控的盗窃罪不成立。
The jury acquitted him of stealing.
convict vt.宣告有罪
= con (fully) + vict( victim受害者) 让别人成为了受害者, 当然宣判你有罪.
小翻译: 陪审团宣告他被控的盗窃罪成立。
The jury convicted him of stealing.
innocent vs. guilty
innocent = in + no + cent(一分钱) [助忆]兜里没有一分钱,所以没有偷窃是 a.无辜的(法律); 天真的(生活)=[口] naive
小翻译: 目击证人提供证据, 他是无辜的.
Eyewitness provides an evidence that he was innocent of thecrime?
guilty = gui(谐音: 鬼)+ lty(名词) [助记] 心里有鬼, 所以是a.有罪的(法律); 内疚的(生活) = [口] sorry
小翻译: 目击证人提供证据, 他是有罪的.
Eyewitness provides an evidence that he was guilty of thecrime.
disguise = dis(not) + gui + se
vt.伪装 [助记] 不想让人看出是色鬼
array= ar + ray(光线 X-ray) 排成一条线
n. 排列
an array of 一排; 一批
avail =a(to向)+vail(val=value价值)→有价值→vi有益于
vt. 提供(价值或机会); n. 效用，利益，帮助
小翻译: 你利用好自己的每一个机会来说英文.
You should avail yourself of every opportunity to speakEnglish.
同源词:
equivalent = equi(equal) + val (value) + ent
n. 等价物; a.等价的
[常考短语] be equivalent to
小翻译:他把人民币兑换成了等值的欧元, 而不是美元。
He converted his Yuans into the equivalentamount of euros, instead of U.S. dollars.
小翻译: 学习知识?
learn/study knowledge ×
acquire knowledge √
辨析：acquire, require, inquire
acquire = ac + qui (谐音: 取) + re
vt. 获得, 学到
require=re(back) + quire
vt.需要, 要求 【助记】需要所以取回来
inquire= in内部 + qui + re
vt.询问，查明【助记】取得内部消息．
inquisitive a. 好打探的
小翻译: Being inquisitive is girl’s nature.
ally =al+ ly (lie) 【助记】躺在旁边, 成为盟友
n.同盟
alliance 联盟，同盟关系 (抽象名词)
小翻译: 两国结盟.
The two countries made an alliance.
The two countries became allies.
小翻译：刘翔有可能赢得２００８年奥运会冠军．(champion, championship)
Liu Xiang is likely to win the championship in 2008 BeijingOlympic Games.
Liu Xiang is likely to become the champion in 2008 BeijingOlympic Games.
赢得友谊win your friendship，成为朋友become yourfriend.
appear= ap + pear (spear长矛)用矛穿透了
v. 出现
apparent【助记】 ap+ parent (spear矛)
a.明显的，明白的
辨析: apparent, obvious, evident
apparent (=obvious)一目了然的(无须推理或证明)
evident 明显的 (需要经过简单推理或证明)
transparent=trans (across) + parent(spear矛)
a. 透明的
attach=at + tach(接触)
v.缚上, 系上
【反】detach v.分离 =de(away) + tach(接触)
attach label to parcel
给包裹贴标签
Mary was attached to her mother.
玛丽很依恋她的母亲。
appoint【助记】ap + point 点，指向
任命；指定
小翻译: 总经理任命她为公司的首席执行官.
The general manager appointed her the CEO of the company.
CEO = chief executive officer
CFO?
= chief financial officer 首席财务官
COO?
= chief operating officer 首席运营官
CTO?
= chief typing officer 首席打印官
CHO ?
= chief huyou officer
appointment任命；约会
辨析：date, appointment
amuse = a + muse vt.使发笑, 使愉快
muse [希神]文艺、美术 、音乐等的缪斯女神
music = mus + ic
museum = muse + um(场所) n. 博物馆
forum = for + um n.论坛，（罗马）法庭
amusement n.娱乐活动
小翻译：你的笑话让我笑死了。
I’m quite amused by your joke.
accumulate = ac + cum(come) + ulate
v.积聚, 堆积 [助记] 都集中到一起来
cumulative = cum + ulative a.累积的
affiliate = af + f(family) + iliatev.(使...)加入, 联合
小翻译: 华师附中
The middle school affiliated to SCNU
annoy= an(to)+ no (noise) + y 不断的制造噪音
vt.使烦恼, 骚扰
allot= al(to) + lot [助记]每人給一些
vt.(按份额)分配, 分派
allocate= al(to) + locate(地点location)
vt. (政府)拨款; 划拨 [助记]给每个地方拨些钱.
lure= l(lead) + u + re(阿姨) 阿姨引诱你 n.引诱，诱惑力
allure= al + lure(引诱)
vt. 诱惑
ascertain = as + certain(确定的)
vt.确认；查明 [助记] 找到肯定的答案
affiliate = af + f(family) + iliate
v.(使...)加入, 联合 [助记] 成为家庭中的一员
小翻译: 华师附中
The middle school affiliated to SCNU
arrange =ar(=tp)+range(=rank排列)→
vt.安排，筹备；整理，排列，布置
derange = de(away) + range
vt. 使发狂, 使精神错乱 [助记] 发狂的时候把整理好的东西乱扔 throw away
[同] dement = de(away) + ment(馒头: 头脑)
mental a.精神的; n.疯子, 精神病人
[反] physical
小翻译: 精神病医院
Mental hospital
辨析: astonish, astound, surprise, amaze
amaze ＝a + maze(迷宫)（迷惑地）吃惊
astonish = a + ston(stone) +ish 呆若石头
vt.(使)吃惊
astound = a + stound (big stone)
vt. (使)大吃一惊
stun (stone) vt.吓晕，(被石头)打晕
surprise = sur(上面) + prise (抓住)
vt. (意想不到) 惊讶；突然袭击
Webster 美国辞典编撰学家 Dictionary
Webster’s wife: I’m surprised.
Webster: No, Madam. I’m surprised, you are astonished.
第二组、变形金刚系列
如果你查汉英词典，对应“变形”有两个词，一个是deform，另一个是transform。如果用来表示变形金刚你使用deformer还是transformer?
trans=across表示穿越，跨越
transform变形（强调从一种形式到另一种形式）
deform 使残废；使…外形破坏；损毁…表面。
如果你用deformer，所有的 “变形金刚” 就变成了 “残疾金刚”。
例句：His body has been deformed by disease.
de-这个前缀是一个具有非常强贬义的前缀，在考试中主要考查它两个意思：
1）de = 除去(away)
defend= de (away) + fend( 攻击fight, 拳头fist)
把敌人攻击挡开 --- vt..保卫, 保护
小翻译: 国防部 = DOD
Department Of Defense
offend = of (强调)+ fend ---- vt.攻击;冒犯(语言上攻击)
fence n.击剑
destruct =de(away)＋ struct (structure结构) [助记]把建筑物拆毁
vt. 破坏; 拆除
小翻译：大规模杀伤性（破坏性）武器
massive destructive weapon
detach = de(away) + tach (=tact接触):不接触
vt.分离, 脱离．［反］attach
常用搭配：detach from
detect= de(away) + tect (盖) ：把盖子拿走
vt. 发现，侦察
protect=pro(forward) + tect
保护 [助记]上前盖住
detective
n.侦探; adj.侦探的
delete= de(away) + lete (letter)
vt.删除 = (erase, eface) [助记]把写的字擦除
2）de向下= down
detail = de(down) + tail (cut)
n.细节,详情 ［助记］不断地剪下去
tailor = tail + or(人) n.裁缝（裁剪衣服的人）
retail = re (again) + tail
n.零售 ［助记］再次剪碎了再出售
批发?
wholesale = whole + sale
curtail = cur(cut) + tail(cut)
vt.缩减, 减少(经费等)
entail = en使+ tail→把剪下的东西给别人
v.把…遗传给; 使承担
小翻译1: 房产限定由长子继承.
The property is entailed on the eldest son.
小翻译2: 学好英语需要花费许多努力.
Good command of English entails great effort.
depict= de(down) + pict(picture)
vt.描绘［助记］用图画记录下来
denote= de + note
vt.指示, 指明 [助记] note down 写下一个标记
例句：The mark (P) denotes no parking here.
demolish =de (down)+mol磨 + ish 向下磨平
vt. 完全铲除; 粉碎
degrade= de+ grade(等级)
v.降级，退化
[反] upgrade v.升级，改良
debris= de+ br(break) + is(名词)
n. 碎片, 残骸
synthesis n.合成; oasisn.绿洲
decline= de(down)+ cline倾斜
vi.下降；衰退；vt.拒绝
辨析：decline, refuse, reject
decline=de (down) + cline(倾斜)
refuse=re (back) +fuse(流动)
reject=re (back) + ject(喷射)
decline < refuse < reject
decline: 礼貌的拒绝
refuse: 直接的拒绝 (flat refusal)
reject: 厌恶的拒绝 (公司对员工)
单词组记:
reject, project, subject, inject, interject, deject
project = pro + ject (扔, 喷 = jet) jetplane
计划, 事业, 工程 Hope Project
小翻译: 投影仪
projector = project + or
subject = sub (under) + ject
1) a. 从属于,以…为条件 be subject to
2) v. 遭受, 暴露在… = be exposed to
[考研词汇真题] Care should be taken to decrease the length of timethat one is ____ loud continuous noise.
A. subjected to B. filled with
C. associated with D. dropped off
3) n.主语, 主体, 主题 subjective主观的
[反] objective 客观的 [助记]s=self, o=others
inject = in + ject
vt. 注射
小翻译: 打针
needle injection
interject = inter (between) + ject
vt.插嘴, 突然插入 interrupt
deject=de (down) + ject
vt.使沮丧，使情绪低落= depress
第三组、超级女声系列
超级女声如何翻译成英文，有媒体翻译为Supergirl? 恰当吗？
老外的第一个联想就是supergirl一定是superman与superwoman生下的daughter。
而且超级女声是声音的声。
国内外媒体普遍接受的一个翻译就是super voice of girl, 或super-voice girl.
我还见过有国内的报纸把超级女声的赞助商蒙牛酸酸乳，翻译为:Meng Cow, SourSour Cream.
其实原本翻译很简单，翻译公司的名字直译为MengNiu就可以了，酸乳在英文中也对于一个单词Yogurt/Yoghurt.
所以恰当的翻译是Super-voice girl sponsored by Meng Niu Yoghurt.
其中super这个前缀是一个非常重要的考试前缀，意思＝above在…之上，超过，最…
super = above 变体 (supra, supre, sup, sur,sum)
superpower
n. 超级大国
supreme court
n.最高法院
Lake Superior
n.苏必利尔湖.
五大湖Homes (Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie,Superior) Superior Lake是五大湖中最大的一个，世界上最大湖之一，面积仅次于里海。
superior to [笔]
= better than [口]
inferior to
= worse than.
superb =super +b（谐音：棒）【助记】超级棒
a.极其好的, 华丽的, 壮美的
中国人的英文被老外称为superb不多，林语堂当属其中之一。
supervise = super + vise(看)
vt.监督
supervisor = super + vis + or(人)
n.监督人, [计](网络)超级用户 visible
invisible = in(not) + vis + ible
a.看不见的, 隐形的
revise= re (again) + vise
vt. 校订, 审阅 [助记]对文章重复的看,挑出错误
reviser n.修订者
survey = sur(super) + vey
n.纵览, 概述; 全面调查
vis = vey = view看 V是词根的根
superstition= super + st (stand)+ ition 【助记】相信头上站了一个神仙。
n.迷信
superstitious a. 迷信的
surcharge= sur + charge(收费)
超载；额外费用。
fuel surcharge
燃油附加费；
机场建设费 Airport construction fee?
airport tax
辨析：superficial, superfluous
superficial= super+ fic做 +ial a.肤浅的
superfluous=super + flu流动 + ous a.过剩的
surpass超过 = sur + pass
surplus 剩余, 过剩, [会计]盈余=sur+ plus
小翻译: 股市暴涨是由于流动性过剩．
Liquidity surplus caused the stock market to skyrocket.
skyrocket= sky天空 + rocket火箭．
skyscraper= sky + scrape (擦, 刮) + er
n.摩天大楼
反义对生: super上 --- sub下
sub, 变体（suc, suf,sug, sus---c p t ）
看到sub你们联想到第一个单词是什么?
subway
Subway[美]地铁； 在英国指地下通道，与过街天桥overpass相对应。
Underground, Tube[英国]
Metro[法国等其它欧洲国家]
WC (International English)
Water Closet
overpass= over(高) + pass
n. 过街天桥
overcharge = over + charge(要价)
vt.索要高价
overstate= over+ state(陈述)
vt.夸张, 夸大 = exaggerate
overflow =over+ flow [助记]流到上面来了
v. 泛滥，溢出
overestimate = over + estimate(估计)
Vt. 高估
overlap= over+ lap大腿
v.重叠
同源词:
laptop =lap + top [助记]可以放在大腿上来用。
n. 笔记本电脑
desktop
n. 台式电脑
elapse = e(out) + lap(从大腿表面滑落差) + se
vi. (时间)流逝
collapse = col(=con全部) + lap(滑落) + se
vi.(建筑物)倒塌; (人的精神体力) 崩溃
eclipse = ec + lipse(=lapse)
[助记]古人看到日蚀和月蚀以为太阳,月亮从天空中滑落下来.
小翻译:一叶障目，不见泰山。
One cloud is enough to eclipse all thesun.
urb-城市
urbane a.文雅的
urban down 闹市区
suburb downtown 近郊区 suburb= sub(under) +urb
outskirt远郊区
subtitle
副标题 = sub + title(标题,头衔)
1954 年日内瓦会议 ，梁山伯与祝英台
Title: Shanbo, Liang & Yingtai, Zhu
Subtitle: Chinese Version of Romeo and Juliet
subordinate 从属的，下级 【助记】sub + ord (order)+ inate---在下面听命令
[反] 高级的, 上级的, 地位高的
superordinate
substance=sub(下）+stance(=stand)
[助记] 本质的东西永远都存在于表象之下-----n.物质; 本质, 实质
[反] surface = sur + face
小翻译：透过现象看到本质
To see the substance through the surface.
= large number of
substantiate:使实体化; 证实(一般在审判中)
substitute
= sub +stitute(死踢球的)[助记] 替补运动员在场下踢球热身, 随时准备替换场上的运动员
vt.代替; n.替代品 = replace
政府用天然气代替石油作为汽车燃料.(substitute, replace)
下面四句话, 只有两句与中文意思相符,请挑选出来.
1) Gov’t substitutes natural gas for petroleum as automobile’sfuel.
2) Gov’t substitutes petroleum for natural gas as automobile’sfuel.
3) Gov’t replaces petroleum with natural gas as automobile’sfuel.
4) Gov’t replaces natural gas with petroleum as automobile’sfuel.
正确: 1) =3)公式: 用A代替B
substitute A for B = replace
superior to ？
[笔]= better than [口]
inferior to ？
[笔]= worse than
infer = infra 下面
infrastructure n.基础设施, 下层建筑
小翻译: 上层建筑
superstructure
supersonic a.超音速的
小翻译:低与音速的, 亚音速的
infrasonic
infrared = infra + red
n.红外线 [低于红线的光谱]
单词记忆密码之二: 音变规律
中文音变拾趣
例如 ‘一个人’的发音
普通话发音: ren
东北话发音
yin
江西话发音(南昌周围)
len
四川话发音
zen
湖南话发音(湘潭周围)
yun
广州话发音
yen
湖南与福建的尴尬。f -- h
湖南：我是“腐烂”人；福建：经常坐“灰鸡”
要是汉语演变成了拼音文字, 是不是一个 “人” 就会出现各种方言不同的书写方法???
不过,幸好汉字没有演变为拼音文字。不仅没有演变，还统一成了一种文字。一个人功不可没。
从秦始皇开始，中国 “书同文，车同轨，行同伦”。
英语音变的历史
那么已经演变成拼音文字的英文，会不会出现英语英变的情况呢？
答案是肯定的。英语由于先后受到四个民族侵略，多元文化的影响。当我们穿越历史的长河、时间的阻隔时，许多拼写不同的多个单词就产生了必然的联系。
一.罗马帝国(Roman Empire，公元前1世纪)
Julius Caesar 把拉丁文引入
二.西日尔曼民族(Anglo-Saxon，5世纪)
古德语构成了古英语的基础.
当时岛上的西日尔曼民族主要是Anglo-Saxon人，其中又以Anglo人居多，所以英国的名字就是Anglaland.
音变规则：
Anglaland (land of the Angles)
Engla+land==England
在法语中依然称英国为Anglais, 在西班牙语Inglaterra，这说明 ‘a-e-i’这三个元音由于口音的不同是可以互换的。
三.北欧海盗(Scandinavia，8世纪)
Vikingsvik-vic(征服)k-c互换
victory n. 胜利
victim=vict+im n.受害者,牺牲品
victimize = victim + ize
vt. 使成为受害者
四.诺曼征服(Norman=North Man，1066年)
有-que的单词都是法语词汇: etiquette,
fiancé, fiancée (法语单词有阴阳之分)
五.文艺复兴(Renaissance，14-16世纪)
alto男高音, solo独唱, soprano女高音
六.英文第一部词典问世, 英语才停止了音变. (Samuel Johnson，1775年) 。
七. 中国文化的影响(20世纪以来)
toufu, jiaozi, hutong, lychee, typhoon, shanghai, dim-sum,cumquat
（金橘）借自粤方言kumquat ，Tea, Silk
元音音变: a-e-i-o-u互换
音变的残留例子
Australia
To die is man die. [ai]
Today isMonday[ei]
e-i互换
emperorn.皇帝 形容词？
imperial a.皇帝的
e-i互换 -or名词后缀, -ial形容词后缀
enemy敌人 形容词？
inimical有敌意的
ical形容词后缀
辨析: appreciate, depreciate
价格围绕价值上下波动
appreciate = ap(ad) + preci (price) +ate
v.升值；涨价;
(派生意义)欣赏；感激
depreciate = de(down) + preci(price) +ate
v.贬值; 跌价;
(派生意义)贬低; 轻视
e-a互换
evitable = avoidable a. 可避免的
inevitable = unavoidablea.不可避免的
以下单词的意思你都熟悉吗? 他们的意思有什么共同点?
middle, medium, immediate, meddle, mediate, mediocre, medi,Mediterranean
要记住所有这些单词的意思并不难, 知道了音变的秘密, 也就把握了这些单词最基本的意思: med = mid =middle
medium [16次]
1) a.中等的
衣服尺码: XS, S, M, L, XL
S(small), M(medium), L(large),
XS(extra-small), XL(extra-large)
2) n.媒介 [复] media
小翻译: 大众传媒
Mass Media
mid-wife
n.接生婆
meddle
v.管闲事,干预 (在中间捣乱:贬义)
mediate
v.调解, 斡旋 (在中间撮和: 褒义)
immediate= im(not) + mediate
a.立即的, 直接的; 紧挨着的 [助记] 没有中间隔开的
小翻译: 隔壁的邻居
immediate neighbor
immediate reason/result
直接原因, 直接结果
mediocre = med + iocre (在中间,不突出)
a.平常的；平凡的；中庸的
Mediterranean
=med(中间)+ i + terr(土地) + anean(an ocean)
土地中间的海洋--- 地中海.
medi=medi + ev(年代,年龄) + al
中世纪的; 陈旧的
小翻译: Parents have a medi attitude toward my dress.
父母对于服装的守旧态度
longevity =long+ev + ity
长寿=long life
terr表示土地:
territory n.版图,领土,地域
兵马俑如何表达?
terra cotta(赤红色的土)
cottage小村舍 (都是红土造的小房子)
terr = terior = territ 表示土地, 词根的根: ter
单词组记:deteriorate, interior, exterior, territory
deteriorate = de(down) + terior(土地) +ate(动词)
[助记] 品格败坏的人就应该入土活埋。---- v.使恶化; 败坏(风俗); 使变坏(品质等)
interior = in(into) + terior(土地) a.内部的，国内的
小翻译: 室内设计
interior design
exterior = ex (out)+ terior(土地)
a.外部的，国外的
territory = territ(=terior)+ ory(地方)
n.版图，疆土
为什么terrorist表示恐怖份子?
terr还有第二个意思, 来自单词
terrify使人恐惧= terr + ify (动词)
terrorism恐怖主义
请写出下列名词的动词形式:
food, brood, blood, drop, slot, gold
food食物 n. ---feed喂养 v.
brood一窝n.--- breed繁殖, 抚养v.
blood血n.--- bleed流血v.
drop水滴n.---drip滴水 v.
slot 狭长的缝n. --- slit 裂开（狭长的缝）v.
gold黄金 n --- gild镀金v. --- gilt 镀金的a.
tips: i, e, 大部分都是动词, o为名词.
seat---sit---sat
ea-a
baton ＝ beat +on
鼓棒、指挥棒、警棍
combat ＝ com + beat
n.v.战斗
pacify = pac(peace) + ify
vt.使平静; 抚慰
pacific a.和平的, 平静的 [the P～] 太平洋
appease= ap + pease(peace)s-c辅音音变
vt.平息, 安抚, 缓和
clear 的动词?
clarify vt.讲清楚,阐明 = clear (clar) + ifyea=a
haven = heaven
n. 避风港，避难所. 天堂就是基督徒的避难所(haven)
辨析：battle, campaign, war
battle =bat(beat) + tlen.战斗
campaign= camp(平原) + aign
n.战役; 引申意义: 商业活动; 竞选运动
小翻译: camp fire party
篝火晚会
war n.大型战争
battle<campaign<war
英语辅音音变
中文有存在辅音音变:
毛主席
peng友们
beng友们
tong志们
dong志们
小平同志
tongzhi---tongzi
chifan---cifan
英语辅音音变规律
1)轻辅音与浊辅音互换
b-p, t-d, f-v, k-g
2)单个字母与组合字母的互换
c-k-ck-que
k-ch-tch
g-ct
3) 形似字母互换
m-n
u-v-w
vineyard?
=wine + yard n.葡萄园
burse --- purse
n.钱包
reimburse ?
= re + in + burse [助记] 再次把钱放回口袋
vt.补偿,报销
prove---- proof
f-v互换
c-k-ck-que 互换
check支票---cheque
etiquette n.礼节--- a ticket
candle---kindle
vt.点燃(蜡烛)
同源：candle蜡烛, candidate候选人, candy糖, candid坦诚的, candor 坦白,直率
k-ch/tch互换
break v.---breach n.
breach of contract 违反合约
speak v.---speech n.
blank a 空白的---blanch v
bake v.---batch（面包等）一炉，一批
peak顶峰 ---pitch
h音的脱落
h音的脱落
arduous ?
=very hard a.十分艰难的
ornament
n.装饰物 =horn(牛,羊)角+a + ment
camera --- chamber(房间)
canal n.运河, 人体导管
channel n.海峡，频道
cord n.细绳子--- chord
n.琴弦
charity ?
charity = char(care关心)+ ity(名词)
n.慈善，慈善事业 [助记]关心有困难的人就是做慈善
g – ct互换
pigment
= pig(picture) + ment
n. 色素, 颜料
dogma
n.教条；教义 dog= doct
doctor [拉丁] 有学问的人, 教师
doctrine n.教条, 教义 = dogma
docile = doc + ile(a.容易的)
a.听话的, 容易教的, 驯良的
agitate
搅动，煽动
ag=act同源词：
agitator
鼓动者；煽动者
agenda
议事日程
agent
代理人
agency 代理机构
agile
灵活的act+ ile (a.)
fragile
易碎的=fract + ile
juvenile =juven(junior) + ile
青少年的
ductile =duct + ile
a.可延展的
servile=serv(servent) + ile
奴性的
车44
herd instinct 兽群本能
从众心理
figment ----fiction
虚构的故事
小说；虚构
contagious a.传染的-ious形容词尾
contact v.n.接触,联系
augment增加、增大
auction拍卖
distinguish v.区分,辨别=discern
distinct a.清楚的, 明显的, 截然不同的, 独特的
-u无意义; ish动词后缀. 例如: vanish, perish
extinguish
v.熄灭,消灭
extinct
a.灭绝的，熄灭的
死火山? 活火山? 休眠火山?
死火山: extinct volcano
活火山: active volcano
休眠火山
dormant volcano
dormitory = dorm + it + ory(场所)
n. 寝室, 宿舍
dormitive
a. 催眠的 n.安眠药
为什么distinguish表示 “区分”?
distinguish= dis (away) + sting(刺: 死叮) + uish
[助记]在东西上分别刺上(sting)记号, 以区分开(away)
extinguish=ex(out) + sting(刺) + uish
[助记]被刺穿了, 也就灭绝了.
sting --- stig (n脱落) --- sti (g脱落)
stigma= stig + ma(名词) dogma
n. (刺的)印记; 侮辱
instigate = in + stig + ate [从内心中刺激你]
vt.唆使；鼓动
stimulate vt.刺激, 激励 = sti + mulate
形近词辨析
fragment---fraction
segment --- section
辨析：fract/frag-词根表示 “裂开”
sect/seg词根表示”切开”
fragment碎片、断片
fraction碎片，小部分，分数
segment 片断、节
section 片断，部分，截面
fragment------fraction
segment ------ section
普通生活科技术语
辨析：fract/frag-词根表示 “裂开”
sect/seg词根表示”切开”
小练习：
玻璃碎片? 一瓣橘子? 磁盘扇区? 骨折?
fragments of glass
a segment of orange
disc sector
bone fracture
单词记忆密码之三：反义对生
中文反义词: 男女；阴阳；文武
中文反义词拼音：nan-nu, yin-yang, wen-wu
发音完全相同：买卖(mai), 夫妇(fu)，起迄(qi)
在我教老外汉语的时候发现:许多中文反义词的首字母相同的，如果汉语演化成拼音文字，我们就可以根据这一对对相同的辅音字母，记住很多反义词。
那么已经演变成拼音文字的英文，是不是也有类似情况呢？难道首辅音字母相同的单词，意思相反吗？
push推
pull拉
thick厚
thin薄
own归自己所有（拥有）
owe归别人所有（亏欠）
black黑
blank白 (转意:空白)
give给予
gain获得
heaven天堂
hell地狱
king
queenk=que
nature先天本性
nurture后天培养
hospitable 友善的,好客的
hostile 敌对的,不利的
thrive 繁荣，兴旺(多)
thrift 节约，节俭（少）
start 开始
stop 停下
virtue 善良, 好品德
vice 恶毒, 坏品德
fast (斋戒，不吃)
breakfast
festival (节日，猛吃)
cradle摇篮
grave坟墓 (c-k-g 清浊辅音互换)
saint 圣人
sinner 罪人
sinner宗教精神的罪人, criminal法律上的罪人
fusion 熔合
fission分裂
weal幸福
woe悲哀
mirth欢乐
moan悲叹
witch 女巫婆
wizard 男巫师
词根反义对生
audi听-oral说au=o发音相同
pan全部
pen一半
max大变体magn-, maga
min 小
macro宏观的
micro微观的
major主要的; 主修课程(专业)
minor次要的; 辅修课程(副业）
dei神
dem人
quiet安静
quer争吵
super上
sub下
hyper高
hypo低
st站立变体:sist, stit
sid 坐下
mort死(不动)
mot 动 变体:mut, mob, mov
cess走变体:ceed, cede
cease停
philo喜爱
phobia 厌恶, 惧怕
词尾反义对生
top高---deep深（深就是低）
host主人---guest客人
patri父亲---matri母亲
birth出生---death死亡
good---bad
plus --- minus
grav沉重/下沉---lev轻松/升起
反义对生区分原则
1) 元音口型大小决定词根大小。
1) 元音口型大小决定词根大小。
a>o>u>e>i
中文举例：
胖pang--瘦shou
天-地di, 粗-细xi, 阳-阴ying, 重-轻qing
海hai－－河he－－溪xi
英文举例：
pan>pen
panorama全景图 > peninsula半岛
fusion(熔合: 大) > fission(分裂:小)
macro大 > micro小
2) 浊辅音>清辅音>唇鼻音
2) 浊辅音>清辅音>唇鼻音
英文举例：
bat > pat
combative好斗的---compatible融洽的
小翻译：与室友关系融洽
compatible with roomates
patri >matri
history, herstory
thick > thin
max > min
补充实例
辨析: grab--grip
grab vt.用全身地力气抢夺---grip vt. n.用手握紧抓住
辨析: chop--chip
chopvt.砍成块—chip v. n.切成片
chopping board砧板
chip薯片，芯片，筹码
辨析: slab--slip
slab n.厚木板 --- slip n. 薄纸片 v.滑倒(slide)
a slip of pen
a slip of tongue
a slip of mouse.
美国小孩上厕所大小之分: pee, poo 哪个大, 哪个小?
pee(小)– poo(大)
slim, silk, little, kid, pin, bit, sip, tip, dip …
反义对生词根讲解
请问高血压和低血压用英文怎么表达呢？
hyper-hypo- +tension压力
er>o 两个字母的音值>一个字母
hypertension
hypotension
hypercritical = hyper + critical 对别人严加批评
a.苛求的，吹毛求疵的
hypocritical = hypo + critical 在下面批评别人
a.虚伪的
hypocrisy n.虚伪，伪君子
hypothetical= hypo + the(神) + tical 人类在下面思考神的想法
a.假设的, 推测的
生死有命
mort死(不动)---mot生(动)
mortal
a.会死的 (谐音:无头)
immortal 不死的
the immortal n.神仙
mortuary = mort + u + ary(场所)
n. 停尸房, 太平间
ory场所: factory
lavatory = lava + tory
n.洗手间
lava 岩浆
lavish 过分大方的, 浪费的
mortify = mort + ify
vt. 使羞辱到想死; 使蒙受屈辱
mot动
motel = motor + hotel n.汽车旅馆
motor n.发动机, 马达
motion 运动
小翻译: 永动机
Perpetual motion machine
Motion Picture ?
电影艺术与科学学院
Academy of motion picture Arts and Sciences
缩写为A.M.P.A.S.
Academy Award = Oscar Award
motive
n.动机, 目的 adj.发动的, 运动的
motivate
促起；激发=arouse somebody‘s motive;
=spur激励;马刺
例句:
Examinations do not motivate a student to seek more knowledgebut to be the slave of them.
motive
n.动机, 目的 adj.发动的, 运动的
motivate
促起；激发=arouse somebody‘s motive;
=spur激励;马刺
例句:
Examinations do not motivate a student to seek more knowledgebut to be the slave of them.
remote = re(back)+ mot +e
a.遥远的, 偏僻的
a remote village
commotion =com共同+ mot + ion
n.骚乱；混乱
locomotive=loc(地点location) + o + mot + ive
n.火车头
automatic=auto(self) + mat(mot) + ic
a.自动的
promotion = pro+mot+ion
n. 1)升职;2)促进; 3)促销
小翻译: 贬职?
demotion=de (down)+ mot + ion
mot=mob
mob [谐音]抹布.在社会造成动乱
n. 暴徒，a. 暴乱的
mobilize
vt.动员（军队），调动（机械）
demobilize= de + moblize
vt.遣散；（使）复员
morbid
a.病态的 [谐音]毛病的
automobile=auto(self自己) + mobile(移动)
汽车(美) = motor car (英)
autonomy=auto + nomy(管治)
n.自治
autocracy=auto + cracy(统治)
n. 独裁(政府)
辨析
biography, biology, autobiography,autograph
亲笔签名, 生物学, 传记, 自传.
biology生物学=bio生命+logy学科
biography 传记=bio生命 + graphy写
autobiography自传= auto自己+ bio生命 + graphy写
autograph=auto + graph(写)在文件或书上写上自己的名字: 亲笔签名=signature
为什么graph表示写?
graphite n.石墨（古人用来写毛笔字的颜料）
graphic a.绘画的; 生动的,（轮廊）鲜明的=vivid
graffiti n.涂鸦 (乱画)f=ph,发音相同.
demographics= dem(人民,人口) + o + graph(写，记录) + ics(名词 ) 记录人口的数量--- >人口统计学。
【真题例句】 Even demographics are working against the middleclass family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent – and allthe attendant need for physical and financial assistance – havejumped eightfold in just one generation. [2007年阅读Text3]
【经典译文】甚至人口统计数据都对中产阶级家庭不利，家庭中出现一个需要给予体力和经济援助的年老力衰的父亲或母亲的几率在一代人的时间里增加了八倍。
大小对应
max大---min小
maximum
最大值max+ i + mum (number)
maximize最大化 -ize动词后缀
maximal最大的-al形容词后缀
请写出: 最小值, 最小化, 最小的
max---min
minimum最小值
minimize最小化
minimal 最小的
climax
高潮=cli(爬climb) + max
magic神奇的 mag=max
magic trick
magnet
magnetic 磁的, 有磁性的；有吸引力的
a magnetic personality.
有魅力的个性
master主人，大师(mast=max)
masterpiece
杰作
mast 桅杆
The United Nations sent half-mast to Premier Zhou
magn=max
magnify = magn + -ify(动词后缀)
vt.放大
magnifier
n.放大镜
magnificent=magn大+i＋fic做+ent
a.宏伟的，壮观的
magnitude = magn + itude(名词:度)
n大小, 积, 量, 长(度); 尺寸, 幅[长]度;
巨[伟, 重]大; 重要性;
【数】量值;【天】(恒星的)等, 等级, 光度; 震级
----所有这些意思都表示 “大的程度”
小翻译: 汶川地震在里氏震级的记录中为8级，是一场大地震。
The Wenchuan earthquake registered 8 on the Richter magnitudescale, making it a major earthquake.
小翻译: 一系列余震袭击该地区，引起了恐慌。
A series of aftershocks have hit the affected areas, causingpanic.
macroeconomics
n.宏观经济
微观经济?
microeconomics
macroscopic =macro+ scop(scope视野)+ic
a.肉眼可见的
microscopic = micro + scop + ic
a.显微镜下可见的，微小的
大学主修与辅修还记得怎么说吗？
major(主修),minor(辅修)maj=max
major n. 成年人,大人=adult; a.=main主要的
minor n.未成年人; a. lessimportant 次要的
majority n. 大多数
minority n.少部分
mini-小
minister大臣 ?
Your majesty 陛下, 最高王权 maj=max. 相对于majesty,minister就是小人.
administrate
vt.管理,支配=ad+mini+str(street) + ate
MBA
Master of Business Administration
Married But Available
diminish = di(二分) + min(小) + ish(动词)
vt. 缩小，减少
miniature = mini + a + ture(后缀)
n.微缩模型; a. 微型的
miniature nation微型国家
世界上最小的国家是哪一个？
Vatican, 0.44平方公里
（超级精品）单词记忆密码之三——反义对生2(2009-10-02 09:24:44)
八瓶水：oct-aqua
【助记】quack quack鸭子叫
aquarium----aqua+ium(地点)
n.水族馆
gymnasium
stadium
n.室外体育馆 = stad(stand) + ium
auditorium
n.报告厅, 演讲堂= auditor(听:audience) + ium
小翻译: 水上运动
aquatic sports
aqua-是水, 为什么oct-aqua是8瓶水?
oct-罗马拉丁词根, 表示八
问题: 为什么October是十月? 按照词根, 应该是八月才对.
罗马古历只有十个月，但是后来罗马两个著名的君主为了名垂青史，把自己的名字硬生生的加入到了月份当中。
Julius Caesar. 制定了Julian Calendar(儒略历, 公历的前身). 一年12个月, 单数大月,双数小月. 二月29天, 润年30天.
然后根据自己的名字命名七月July, 因此原来的Augustus 奥古斯都：罗马帝国第一任皇帝.凯撒的侄孙。把自己的名字命名八月August, 还从2月份抢来一天。以显示自己的成就不比恺撒小。
因此September和October都推迟了两个月.
Caesarian birth ?
剖腹产
章鱼用英文怎么表达?
八爪鱼 octopus = oct + o + pus(脚=ped)
七匹狼英文如何表达?
7+2=9
九月是September
陈弈迅的十年, 如何翻译?
10+2=12
十这个词根当然就是12月(罗马古历的10月)
December=dec(十)+ ember
decade
十进制
decimal system
小数点
decimal point
dicimeter= deci(十分之一) + meter
n.分米
decibel
n.分贝
到了希腊，你怎么得到水？
hydro-是希腊语词根，如果你去了希腊，要水喝就说hydro-。
hydrogen
hydro + gen产生: 由水中产生的气体，氢气。
Carbohydrate
=carbo(=carbon) + hydrate
碳水化合物，身体能量的主要来源。
Fire Hydrant ？
§坐立结合
§st站立－sid坐下
sid=sit
preside
=pre(pro音变) + sid +e 坐在主席台前---v.主持
主持会议? presideon/at/over/in
preside over a meeting
president n.主席, 校长,总统［助记］坐在主席台前的人
reside =re+ sid + e坐回家---v.居住
resident n. 居民
小翻译: 暂住证 (TRP)
Temporary Residential Permission
subside=sub + sid +e
v.下沉，减退
subsidy n.补贴 [助记]给坐在下面的贫民给钱
assiduous =as+sid+ous一直坐着(头悬梁锥刺骨)
a.勤奋的，刻苦的
insidious=in里面+ sid坐 + ious
英汉词典：阴险的???
a.隐藏的，隐蔽的[助记]坐在你家里的敌人，
Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness anddiscrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But oneinsidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. [2004年阅读Text2]
Alphabetism 字母排序歧视
Korea---Corea
st-是一个表示站立的隐性词根. 为什么?
stand
stance
n. 站姿；立场；态度
stick棍子 walking stick
stem n.杆, 茎
stall n.货摊, 畜栏
小翻译: 房地产
Real estate
establish = e + stabl(stable) + ish(动词)
vt.建立 [助记] 稳固的立起来
st= stop停留
stare (～ at)
vt.凝视, 盯着看
still a. 静止的
He stood still
他站着一动不动。
standstill n. 停止, 停顿
例句: Work came to a standstill.
工作完全停止了
stable a.稳固的（静态）= substantial
steady a.稳定的（动态）
小翻译: 消费物价指数正在稳步上升。
CPI is on the steady increase.
stiff a.僵硬的，呆板的(站着不动)
tip the waiter 给侍者小费
stiff the waiter ?
拒绝给侍者小费（侍者太呆板，不想给他小费。）
自由女神雕像
辨析: freedom, liberty
freedom 强调个人自由
liberty 政治，经济，人权上的解放，强调整体
liberate vt.解放
人民解放军 PLA
People’s Liberation Army.
雕像是站立的，所以表示雕像一定是一个包含st隐性词根的单词。
statue n.雕像
The Statue of Liberty
核心词汇辨析: stature, status,statute
status 地位【助记】站在美国US有地位
stature 身材 【助记】u re阿姨身材好
statute 法规 【助记】 u teach 法规
status （19次）地位？
在加拿大移民材料中marital status有六个核心词汇作为选项
marital=mari(marry) + tal
1 Unmarried
2 Engaged
3 Married
4 Separated = se(色诱)+ par (partner) + ated
5 Divorced
6 Widowed
obstinate = ob (against) + st (stand)+ inate
[谐音]我不是听你的 = stubborn a.顽固的, 倔强的
辨析: obstacle, barrier
obstacle=ob+st + acle名词后缀
1)反对或阻碍进步的事物; 2)引申为无形的障碍
obstacle race障碍赛
barrier 1)栅栏,屏障(围起来) 2)有形的障碍bar木棒
小翻译: 克服障碍？
overcome obstacles
bar棒,条
bar code
条形码
小翻译: 一条巧克力
A bar of chocolate
barren = bar + ren(形容词) [助记]满山只有木棍子,不结果实
a. 不结果的（树或植物）; 贫瘠的（土地）
barrack = bar + rack (架子)
n. (临时性) 木板房, 兵舍, 军营
embargo = em + bar + go
v. n. 禁运 [助记]在通过的路上放一个棒子, 禁止通过
小翻译: 美国对中国实施武器禁运.
USA imposes an embargo on the sale of weapons to China.
barometer = bar + o + meter(测量)
n.气压计, 晴雨表
小翻译: 股市是国民经济的晴雨表.
The stock market is a barometer of national economy.
barbarian= bar + bar + ian(人)
n.野蛮人; a. 野蛮的, 粗鲁的
barn = bar(棒子) + n(小门) ----n.谷仓，马厩，牛棚.[助记]这些都是用木头棒子围起来的，开了个小门。
barrel = bar(木板，木棒) + rel(名词) ---n. 木桶 (很多个木板为围起来的)
barbecue = BBQ 烧（木棒）烤食物
小翻译: 叉烧
Barbecued pork/duck/geese.
ban(=bar) n.棒子; vt.禁止
impose a ban on sth= impose an embargo on sth.
banish= ban + ish(动词) vt. 驱逐
【辨析】station, terminal
station 车站
stationary 站立在某个地方---- a. 固定的
stationery n. 文具,信笺
terminal 终点站 (term表示终点)
term paper
期末论文
terminate = term + inate
vt.终结, 终止
terminator n.终结者
地铁三号线：Tianhe Coach terminal
static =st + at +ic 站在ic卡电话旁不能动
a.静态的
dynamic = dynam[谐音:带那么多] + ic
a.动态的，动力的；十分有活力的
st有两个延长变体: sist 和 stit
resist =re (against)+sist
vt.抵抗，反抗
辨析: assist, help, aid
help n.v.帮助(代替来做)
aidn. v. （经济，物资）援助
financial aid 经济援助
小翻译：政府资助的学校
state-aided school
assist=as + sist
vt.协助 常考短语: assist sb. with sth. in doingsth.
consist = con + sist
考试常考三个经典短语
1) of 由...组成, 包括
2) with一致
3) in在于
三个词组精彩运用谈成功
consist of 包括 = comprise
小翻译: 成功的公式包含汗水, 信心, 坚持, 毅力, 技巧, 雄心还有真知灼见.
The formula of success consists of sweat, confidence,perseverance, stamina, skill, ambition as well as insightfulvision.
小翻译: 成功与懒惰, 贪婪, 欺骗, 卤莽不相融.
consist with与…相容，与…一致 = comply with
Success does not consist with laziness, greed, deception, aswell as rashness.
人们都说，世事如棋，而我却认为，人生如牌。consist in 在于 = lie in
小翻译: 成功不在于你手上拥有好的牌, 而在于你如何出好手上的每一张牌.最后的赢家一定是那些自信十足, 不半途而废, 并能绝处逢生的人.
The success consists not in holding good cards, but in playingwell with what you hold. The final winners are sure to be thosewith great self- confidence, those who will nevergive up halfway, as well as those who survive the crisis.
distance =dis(away)+ stance(站立)
n.距离, 遥远distant a. 遥远的
instant = in强调+stant(立等可取) 立即的；刻不容缓的
constant [谐音]“肯死等她的”所以对她的爱情是a. 持续的，恒定的. 强调时间上的持续
consistent [谐音]“肯誓死等她的”所以是a. 一贯的，始终如一的
区别
[常见搭配] constant rain = continuous rain
[常见搭配］consistent with强调内容的一致不变，前后一致 a. 持续的,不变的
小翻译: 这个人言行一致
What he said is consistent with what he did.
He words are consistent with his conducts.
辨析：insist, persist 介词搭配?
insist (on): 坚持，不让步(瞬间)
persist (in): per(一直) + sist----坚持，不屈不挠(持续)
prostitute = pro (forward) + stit + ute
妓女= [美国] angel’s on the street 马路天使
superstition
n.迷信 = super + stit + ion
destitute= de(down) + stit + ute[助记]越站越低,每况愈下
a.穷困的, 缺乏的= [口] poor
单词记忆密码之四:
追根溯源
上帝用泥土按照自己的形状造出了人, 然后在他鼻孔里面吹了一口气,这个人就活了.--Quoted from HolyBible
与中国女娲用泥土造人一样, 上帝也是用泥土捏人.
Eden伊甸园
Adam & Eva
Adam’s Rib
Adam’s Apple
human= hum土 + man人
humid= hum + id(表示特性的形容词后缀)
a.湿润的
辨析: wet, humid, damp, moist
wet 强调浸润的状态
humid 强调闷热
damp 强调阴冷
moist 强调舒服
humble= hum +blehumble origin
humiliate= hum+ iliate
vt.(使)羞辱
exhume= ex + hum + e
=vt. 挖掘出
Inhume= in + hum + e
= vt.埋葬bury
上帝在Adam鼻孔里吹了一口气, 土人变活人.
spirit 精神, 灵魂, 热情-spir气息
Aspire 渴望: A + spir +e
常用介词搭配：for? after? to?
aspire after success/ tosucceed
expire = ex + spir + e
v.断气；期满；终止
expiration date/ best before
respire = re + spir +e
v.呼吸
respirator n.呼吸器，防毒面具
SARS ?四个核心词汇
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
AIDS ? 四个核心词汇
获得性免疫缺乏综合症
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
immune = im(not) + mune(影响,感染=move) 不能被影响的a.免疫的, 不受影响的
community = com(共同) + mun(影响) + ity(名词) ---- 只有在一个社区中, 共同影响 ----n.社区
deficiency = de(down贬义) + fic(做) + ency(名词)
n.缺乏, 不足
conspire: con(共同) + spir +e
一个鼻孔出气，共谋
conspirator同谋者
conspiracy共谋, 阴谋
inspire: in + spir +e
vt. 吸(气), 鼓舞, 感动, 激发, 启示, 使生灵感
e.g. This teacher inspires us with great courage.
inspiration n. 灵感,创意
perspire: per + spir +eperspiration
Success = 99% Perspiration + 1% Inspiration
人类历史上第一次杀人
在圣经旧约创世纪一章中，亚当夏娃被驱逐出Eden后, 生了两个儿子Cain与Abel.哥哥Cain负责种地，弟弟Abel负责放羊。
Cain杀弟, 可谓是人类历史上最早的homicide 杀人行为。
为什么homicide指杀人呢?
homicide=hom(human) + i +cide(cut切)
表示切的词根: cide/cise; sect;tom
abscise=abs(away)+cise(cut)
vt.切除,脱离
precise=pre(before) + cise
a.精确的,准确的
incise =in+cise
vt.切割,雕刻
incisive
a.尖刻的；一针见血的
pesticide=pest(害虫)+i +cide
n.杀虫剂
concise =con(fully) + cise
a.简洁的, 简明的
世界上说话最简洁的民族?
Spartan
decide=de(down)+cide决定
suicide=sui(衰)+cide 自杀
alongside一排排
coincide巧合
section
1) 部分,节, 项 2) 区, 地域 3) 截面
residential section
住宅区
sector
磁盘扇区
bisect =bi+sect
vt.切成两分, 对(截)开
dissect=dis(away) + sect
vt.解剖; 剖开
insect =in + sect
n.昆虫,截肢类动物
transect = trans (across)+ sect
vt.横断, 横切
•相交用英文如何表达?
•平行怎么说?
•交点?
intersect = inter (between) + sect
v.(直线)相交, 交叉
intersection n.十字路口, 交叉点
parallel =para(旁边) + llel (line)
a.平行的
除了平行的, 还有什么意思?
小翻译: Chimpanzee's behavior is parallel to human’s.
be parallel to = be similar to
【熟义熟性】a.平行的
A further stimulus to invention came from the “premium” system,which preceded our patent system and for years ran parallel withit. [1996年阅读Text4]
run parallel to/with与...平行; 引申为同时存在。run parallel为系表结构，类似于feelsick。
【经典译文】推动技术发明的另一刺激因素来自“奖赏”制度，它产生于我们的专利制度之前，而且多年来与后者一同实施。
【僻义熟性】a. parallel to与…类似
On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in amanner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a dailybasis as they cover and comment on the news. [2007年翻译]
【经典译文】另一方面，这一科学把这些概念结合到日常生活中，这与新闻记者每天报道和评论新闻时的做法是相似的。
【僻义僻性】n.类似，相似物
There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one waveafter another try to awaken us to the growing threat of globalwarming. [2005年阅读Text2]
【经典译文】现在出现了令人忧虑的类似景象。科学家们前仆后继，试图使我们意识到全球气候变暖所带来的日益严重的威胁。
Tom
Tom Tyler
atom=a(not)+tom
n.原子[助记]不能再切分的
anatomy= a + n +a + tom 把a和a切开.
n.解剖,解剖学
analogy = a + n +a + logy(逻辑logic) ---把a和a比较的逻辑,找到两者的相似性----n.类似, 类比
There’ re many analogies between blindly pursuing master degreeand going into prison.
盲目读研和去监狱有许多相似之处.
analogy = similarity
epitome=epi(表面)+ tom + e
n.梗概, 摘要
epidemic=epi(表面)+dem(人民)+ ic(形容词)
a.流行的, 传染的
epicenter = epi + center
n.震中
小翻译: 震中汶川以北一百公里的北川是这次受地震破坏最严重的地区.
A 在 B 以北
A is (in/on/to) the north of B
Beichuan, 100 kilometers to the north of the epicenter, Beijuan,was most seriously devastated/destroyed by the earthquake.
更多地震词汇
搜救犬
sniffer dogs
生命探测仪
life-detection instrument
余震
aftershock
地震带
earthquake belt=seismic belt
democracy =dem(底层人民)+ o + cracy(统治)
n.民主
demonstrate/demonstration
=dem底民 + on + str(street) + ate
1）人民在街上游行示威
2）展示，显示= demo
Homer Epic 荷马史诗
上部：ILIAD---- cord 心
下部：ODYSSEY---- Odyssey 冒险
本田公司的这款车Accord不仅在中国非常畅销，在欧美也十分畅销。这是一款是家用经济型轿车，其英文的确切含义是什么呢？
accord=ac（to） + cord心
车随心动，随心所欲
（常与with连用）一致；符合
His opinion accorded with mine.
（常与to连用）根据
Most students study and rest according to schedules.
汉语 ‘和睦相处’可以翻译为？
翻译一：to live in harmony
翻译二：to live in concord
concord=con (一起)+ cord心。大家心往一处想，当然就和谐，和睦了。
cord表示心，同源词有:
core n.果核, 中心, 核心
cordial热忱的, 衷心的, 兴奋的
cordial thanks
衷心的感激
record = re再次 + cord心
vt记录
recorder
n.记录员，录音（像）机
discord=dis(=away分开) + cord
n.不和谐, 意见不合, 嘈杂声,
上部ILIAD就是由 Apple of Discord 不和谐的苹果而引起。
Goddess of Discord不和谐女神
Hera赫拉, Athena雅典娜, Aphrodite爱神 (Venus))
Trojan horse=hidden danger隐藏的危险
Apple of Discord
=source of disaster 灾难之源
Judgment of Paris
=爱美人不爱江山
Helene of Troy
红颜祸水
Trojan horse=hidden danger隐藏的危险
Achilles’ heel
致命的弱点(fatal weakness)
fate命运---doom厄运 【谐音】堵门
cord, d脱落，变为cor, cour
core n.果核, 中心, 核心
encourage= en(in) + cour + age
vt.鼓励
discourage=dis(away) + cour(心) + age
vt使气馁, 使失去勇气
从心灵到肉体的转 cord-corp
cord心死了，人就变成了肉体corp(d颠倒过来了)
corp=body肉体，躯体
corps 特种兵，军团
(在军队里面不需要你有思想，只需要你的肉体。)
corpse =corp + se(色)
n.尸体
corporate a.公司的，法人的，社团的
corporation n. 法人公司= legal person
Accord本田让欧美消费着联想起来荷马史诗的上部<iliad>.
那么Odyesey自然就让消费者联想起荷马史诗的下部<Odyssey>.
Odyssey=Odysseus + journey
Odysseus献出木马计，因此受海神Poseidon惩罚，在地中海漂流十年不得回家。
An extended adventurous voyage or trip.
一次大范围的冒险或旅行
Penelope’s Web=endless job 做不完的工作
用Odyssey来命名商务车再恰当不过的。常年在外漂泊的职业经理人，不管旅途多么艰辛，最终都能安全回到家的港湾，这种文化的美好联想，也促使了欧美人把钱掏出腰包。
相比之下中国车名就俗气得多：吉利，海马，奇瑞，QQ,完全没有英语文化内涵，这样的车怎么能走向国际化呢？
相关词根
Odyssey是什么类型的车?
A. Truck B.Sedan C.SUV D MPV
MPV ？
Multi-purpose Vehicle
MPV是Mini PassengerVan的缩写，本意是小型乘用厢式车，后来由法国雷诺公司对这种车型进行了改进，把折叠的概念引入了第二和第三排座椅，所以从那之后MPV又有了新的含义Multi-PurposeVehicle，强调了多功能性，是集轿车、旅行车和商务车于一身的车型。
核心前缀:multi (多) = poly
小翻译: 多媒体
Multiple + media = multimedia
小翻译: 彩信 MMS
Multimedia Messaging Service
小翻译: 彩铃 PRT
Polyphonic Ring-tone
multiply = multi+ply(＝plic折叠)
v.繁殖, 乘, 增加
Multinational = multi + national
a.多国家的, 跨国家的
MNCs ?
Multinational Corporations 跨国大型企业
一叶落知天下秋
反义对生词根 lev轻 – grav重
树叶leaf
元音互换: lief, lof,
leaves
元音互换: liev, lev
由‘轻’派生出第二个含义‘ 升起 ’ 。
relief
re(again) + lief 再次变轻松n.
1)心情轻松；2)救济。
I felt great relief when I heard I had passed theexamination.
to send relief to flood victims
将救济物资运送给遭受水灾的灾民
relieve vt.解脱；救济(核心词汇)
relieve sb. from anxiety
消除某人的忧虑
relieve the people in flood-stricken area
救济水灾区的人们
i - o互换
loft 阁楼
辨析：aloft, lofty
alone(物理上) --- lonely(心理上)
aloft --- lofty
He is lofty professor.
他思想崇高的教授.
The flag was flying aloft.
旗帜在高高地飘扬.
levy
征税（使统治阶级过得更轻松）
lever
杠杆（用轻的东西可以翘起重的东西)
He used friendship as a lever to obtain advancement.
leverage杠杆作用
翻译:1电梯2电梯
1. escalator
自动扶梯=e(ex) + scal(scale刻度,等级) +ator
核心动词: escalate
1)（战争）逐步升级 scale by scale
2)（物价）逐步上涨
小翻译: 中国的生活成本正在逐步上涨.
The cost of living is escalating in China.
2. elevator = [英] lift (来自loft)
升降电梯=e(ex)+ lev(升起) + ator
核心动词: elevate
vt. 1) 举起, 2) 振奋, 3)提升...的职位
小翻译: 振奋人心的讲话
the elevating speech
北京—广州—上海 METRO 比较
06年4月,上海地铁与伦敦地铁cultural exchange
Auguries of Innocence
天真的预言
William Blake
(19世纪初英国诗人，死后凭借下面四行诗，享誉全球。)
To see a world in a grain of sand,
And a heaven in a wild flower.
To hold infinity in the palm of your hand,
And eternity in a hour.
王佐良的译文：
从一粒沙看世界，
从一朵花看天堂。
把永恒纳进一个时辰，
把无限握在自己手心。
Frank的译文：
一沙看世界，
一花窥天堂。
擎无限于掌间，
化永恒于瞬间。
来自于坟墓的词根
grave
n.坟墓；
a.严肃的；严重的
grav词根表示重
gravity 地心引力, 重力; 庄严, 庄重, 严肃
元音互换，f-v互换
grief－－relief
n.悲痛, 伤心事, 不幸, 忧伤
[助记] 使心情沉重
Friends double joys and divide grieves.
朋友能让欢乐加倍, 忧愁减半
grief的反义词是relief
relieve的反义词是什么？
grieve为….而伤心，悲痛
night-shift夜班
graveyard-shift ？？？
大夜班（午夜2点以后）
反义对生
alleviate =al + levi + ate v缓解疼痛、症状
aggravate = ag + grav + ate v.恶化，加重
engrave
雕刻；铭记=en+ grave
Freud asked his daughter to engrave in the gravestone the lines----“He solved the Sphinx riddle.”
The experience was engraved into his memory.
这经历铭刻在他记忆里
Flora:古罗马神话中的花神; 在现代英语里指代 “植物”。
Flora:古罗马神话中的花神; 在现代英语里指代 “植物”。
衍生词根: flor, flour, flo 都表示花，植物
flower
n.花，精华(the flower of youth），
florid
a.华丽的, 眩目的。
世界上一个花之城,一个花之州：
美国的Florida州
意大利的Florence
flourish
v.（像花一样）茂盛，兴旺. 尤其指植物的茂盛．
辨析 flourish, thrive, prosper, swell
The Timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list,and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once_________.
［A］thrived［B］swelled
［C］prospered ［D］flourished
以下是发源于河流的单词
thrive= th + rive (river) v.(动物)大量繁衍, 繁殖
rival = riv+ al n.竞争者, 对手 vt.竞争, 相匹敌
rivalry = rival + ry n.竞争状态，敌对状态
derive =de(down) + rive
vi.起源(from) = originate from
vt.获得 = acquire
小翻译: 从失败中吸取教训
To derive a lesson from a failure
strive = st (stand)+ rive (river) 站在河边努力想过河流
strive (for) 努力获得 = st (stand) + riv
写作超级经典高分写作句型: 被动+ 从句+ 短语+ 核心词汇
Nothing can be ensured only when you turn your complaints ofenvironment into the courage striving for the best.
只有当你把对环境的抱怨变为追求卓越的勇气时，你才能成功。
arrive = ar + rive
1) 到达…
2) 获得（结果） ~ at
小翻译: 经过2周的谈判, 两国终于达成了协议.
After two weeks of negotiation, two nations finally arrived atan agreement.
arrive的名词?
arrival
-al 1) 形容词后缀: global, personal
2)名词后缀.
请把下列动词变为名词:
approve, refuse, survive, deny
去e + al, 改y为i +al
approval, refusal, survival, denial
strive (for) 努力获得 = st (stand) + riv
As an industry, biotechnology stands to _________ electronics indollar volume and perhaps surpass it in social impact by2020.［A］contend ［B］contest
［C］rival［D］strive
contest 通常用作名词, 或不及物动词表示“比赛” 例如:
a beauty contest 选美比赛
小翻译: 势均力敌的比赛
A close contest
单词组记: contest, testify, protest, testimony
test做单词表示 “测试”; 做词根表示 “证明”.
test考试是证明自己能力的一个方式
contest = con + test [助记] 通过比赛共同来证明自己的能力 v. n.竞争, 比赛
testify = test + ify(动词)
vt.证明；法庭作证
protest = pro(forward) + test[助记]人民走向前向政府抗议
v.n. 抗议; 坚决主张
testimony = test + i + mony (money) [助记]证明我偷了你的钱n.证 单词记忆密码之五
隐性词根：你看不见的SC
obscure=ob(否定) + sc(看) + ure(后缀)
a. 1) 不清楚的；2) 难以理解的; 3) 不出名的
在任何一本词根词缀书上都找不到sc表示看，凭什么说sc表示看？
例证:
scan细读
skim略读c-k互换
scene场景
scope视野范围
obstruct堵塞；妨碍
= ob(against)+ struct (construct建设)
sc两个含义:1) （眼）看； 2）（刀）切
1) 看
scene n.场景
obscene: ob不能 + sc看+ ene 某个镜头不能看的
a. 淫秽的, 猥亵的
scanner = scan + ner n.扫描仪
scenery n.景色，风景
landscape n.风景；风景画，风景照片
scrutiny n.细看，仔细审阅
rescue= re(back) + sc(看) + ue 看见你把你营救回来: vt. 援救, 搜救
schedule n. 时刻表, 进度表 (sch= sc, h不发音)
2)切
scar伤疤
skull骷髅头c-k互换
skeleton骨骼，梗概
scalpel手术刀
scissors 剪刀
scarf围巾（切下来的一块方形布）
scarlet鲜红的（切开肉，看见鲜红的血）
scanty
不足的，少量的 (被切掉了，就不足)
scarce
不足的，希缺的 资源希缺resources scarcity n.
score n. v. 刻痕，划线; 记号; 乐谱; 得分
sculpture v.雕刻; n. 雕塑品
scrap n. 小片，小块；碎屑
scrape v. n. 刮, 擦, 擦痕
scrape through v.勉强度过
scare: 拿刀切人: vt.让人恐怖 I’mscared.
辨析：blame, scold 哪个责备更严厉 ?
scold= sc + old 老人说的话就像刀切在你身上一样
blame=blow(吹风)+ ame(词尾)
scatter v. 分散, 散开（被切开了, 当然就散开了）
schism = sch(=sc切) + ism n.(基督教会)分裂
scratch vt.抓, 挠; n.抓痕
习惯用语 :
scratch the surface of
浅尝即止, 没有深入了解
神奇字母P(手)
P这个字母代表手
palm n.掌；棕榈树（张开的手掌很像棕榈的叶子）
许多P开头的单词都与手有着千丝万缕的联系
put放置, punch 拳击, pass传递, press按, pick 采, poke 捅, pack打包,point指向, pitch 投掷, pinch 掐, plot 策划, pry 撬, polish 擦亮, play打(球),plant 种植, plug 把……插入
push---pull
一个表示用手推，一个表示用手拉
peep = p + ee(eye) + p
双手遮双目, 引申为偷看，偷窥 == peek
中文的 ‘看’ 不正是‘手’ 在 ‘目’ 上吗？
peeping Tom
偷窥狂
暴露狂 ?
flasher
ee 这两个字母就人的a pair of eyes
许多包含ee的单词也与眼睛有关
see 看见, sightseeing 观光, oversee 监督,
foresee 预见
meet 遇见, seem 看起来象, peep偷看, peer盯着, weep哭泣,
seek 寻觅 , sleep 睡, asleep 睡着了, leer 瞟,送秋菠, greedy 觊觎
以下的五组以P 开头的词根都由手派生而来
1) 用手推 :pel=push
1) 用手推 :pel=push
propel =pro (forward) + pel 向前推
vt.推进，驱使
propeller
n. 推进器，螺旋桨
repel=re(back) + pel 向回推
vt.击退，抵制，使厌恶
impel=im + pel 向心里推
vt. 推动，(内心)激励
expel = ex + pel
vt.驱逐,开除；发射
dispel = dis (away) + pel 驱散
小翻译：驱散乌云
dispel dark clouds
小翻译：消除所有疑虑
dispel all doubts
compel=com(fully完全)+ pel ---vt.强迫
[4次] 全部是: be compelled to do…
= be forced to do… 被迫做…..
pul=pel e-u互换
pulse 脉搏，激情
impulse [5次] = im+ pul + se 往内心里推
n. 冲动，动机
out of charitable impulse
出于慈善的动机
impulse shopping 冲动型购物
= buying sth. on impulse 出于冲动
repulse 击退，排斥 n. v.＝ repel v.
2) pos用手放置=put
单词组记:
impose, expose
dispose, propose
proposal, proposition
suppose, compose, composite, opposite
impose---expose
impose=im（in）+ pose（put）
1“把……强加”，常考经典词组 impose something. on sb
小翻译:老板给我施加了巨大的压力。
The boss imposed tremendous pressure on me.
小翻译: 禁止人体克隆.
impose a ban on human cloning.
2“征税”
例：A new tax has been imposed on the wine.
对酒类又增加了一个新的税收
expose = ex( out) + pose (put)
1 暴露，曝光; 接触
常考词组: exposed to = [名词] exposure to
小翻译: 接触很大的噪音会造成部分失聪,或完全而聋.
Exposure to loud noise can produce a partial or complete loss ofhearing.
propose--- dispose
propose=pro（forward）+ pose（put）
1“建议” 如:He proposes to go for a picnic.
2“提名推荐”，如: be proposed as a candidate 被推荐为候选人
3“求婚”
辨析：proposal; proposition
proposal提议=suggestions, advices
proposition 主张, 命题=statement
dispose=dis（away）+ pose（put）
1. vi. “处理”，dispose of the garbage 处理垃圾
2. vt. “布置，安排（具体人或东西）”诸葛亮把关羽，张飞，赵云安排在不同的位置。
区别: dispose, furnish
1. “布置（房间）”，
It cost us a lot of money to furnish the new apartment.
布置房间花了我们很多钱。
同源词: fur n. (动物)皮毛
furniture n.家具
2“供应，提供”，
The company can furnish you with every details.
公司可以提供给你每个细节。
成语: Man proposes, God disposes !
谋事在人, 成事在天
suppose=sup（=sub向下）+ pose（put）把一些东西摆下面，没有成熟
1 “料想，假想”
As she is not here, I suppose that she must have gonehome.
由于他并不在这里，我想他已经回家了。
2 “假定，认为”
be supposed to（原意被假定）本应该= should
You are supposed to complete this mission before thedeadline.
你应该在最后期限以前完成这份任务.
oppose = op(ob=against) + pose
1) vt. 反对 oppose the death penality
2) vi. 反对 opposed to the capital punishment = [口] be against
3) 短语: as opposed to [3次] = 与之相比, 与之对照
Kids need a range of authentic role models – as opposed tomembers of their clique, pop stars and vauntedathletes.[2007年阅读新题型]
[翻译]孩子需要各种各样真实的榜样---而不是他小圈子里的成员,也不是明星或受到吹捧的运动员.
超纲词: clique小集团(=click锁门声);
vaunt 吹嘘, 夸耀 = v(嘴)+ aunt(姑妈)
voice声音, vocal嗓音的, vocalist歌手, verbal口头的
词根延长: posit=pos(put)+ it
position
1“职位” apply for aposition申请一个职位
2“立场”
the position on nuclearweapons 对核武器的立场
deposit =de（down）+ posit（put）
1 vt.“储蓄”
小翻译: 存钱&取钱
deposit & withdraw money in the bank
2 n.“存款” 小翻译: 储蓄账户
deposit account
3 vt.存放”，to deposit the important file with his lawyer把重要的文件存放在他的律师那里
4 n.“押金” the deposit forbuying a house
5 vt. (地理上的)“沉积”; n.“沉积物”
composite=com（together）+ posit（put）+ e
a.拼合成的，复合成的
The police used a composite photo to identify the suspect.警察使用了一张合成照片来确认嫌疑犯.
opposite=op（against）+ posite（put）
1. a. 相反的（方位上）
opposite opinions = contrary views相反的观点）
2. prep(介词) . “在对面”
例：I live opposite the bank.我住在银行对面。
3. n. “对立物”
Black is the opposite of white. 黑与白是对立物。
3) pon用手放置=put
postpone= post(后) + pone 往后放
vt.推迟 = put off
P.S. ?
= postscript n.附言, 又及.
proponent = pro(向前支持) + pon + ent
n. 建议者, 支持者
小翻译: pros & cons
辩论中的正方反方; 事物的优点和缺点
opponent = op(against) + pon + ent
n.对手, 反对者; adj. 对立的, 对抗的
小翻译: Tyson knocked his opponent out in the first round.
泰森第一回合就把对手击倒了.
4) pend用手挂起来=hang=hand
pending 挂起来的，引申为‘悬而未决的’
suspend = sus下面 + pend 挂在树下（上吊, 停止了生命）
vt. 停止，暂缓
suspense novel
悬疑片（Prison Break）
suspend a death penalty/execution
暂缓死刑
appendix = ap(强调) + pend(挂) + ix: 挂上去
n.（器官）阑尾
（文件）附录；
pendulum=pend+ ulu(象形:摆动的钟摆) + m
ponderous a.笨重的，行动迟缓的 [谐音]“胖得要死”
5 ) pend, pens 用手付钱= pay
expend = ex + pend 往外支付
vt.花费
辨析: expense, expenditure
expenditure（政府）支出
public expenditure 公共开支
expense （个人）支出，引伸义‘代价’。
at the expense of = at the cost of
pension n.养老金[助记]每年付给老人的钱
‘来也匆匆，去也冲冲’
我们经常在厕所里面看到这样的话 ‘来也匆匆，去也冲冲’。
这句广告之所以深入人心，是因为‘来’与‘去’对应；‘匆匆’与‘冲冲’押韵。
广州某个宾馆英文翻译的：
Please flush the toilet when you have yourself pleased.
Frank翻译：
come in a rush, go with a flush.
come与go对应，rush与flush押韵，同时rush(急匆匆)精准传达了人们被生理需求逼迫时，匆匆入厕地情景.
为什么flush有 ‘冲洗’ 的含义呢？
fl隐含词根的两层基本含义含义：
1a)（水）流动；1b)（风）吹动；
2） 火光飞舞
1a）流动
1a）流动
flush
1)（用水）冲洗；
2) 脸红 (血都流到了脸上)
3) 同花顺（相同花色的牌,大小连接都流到了一起）
常考短语：flush with与…平齐
The river is flush with its banks.
flow
v.流动 (无阻力)
float
v.飘流，漂浮(有阻力) ; 货币的浮动(引申义)
The logs float down the river.
木头沿河漂流。
the floating RMB
汇率浮动的人民币
fluctuate
v. (如水中的波浪一样) 波动，起伏
小翻译：蔬菜和水果的价格随季节而波动。
The prices of vegetable and fruit fluctuate according to theseason.
flood n.洪水；大量；v.泛滥
小翻译: 人事经理面试了大量的求职者.
HR manager has interviewed a flood of applicants.
fl---flu 词根
fluent = flu + ent(形容词)
流利的，流畅的
flu 流感
fluid= flu + id(形容词)
a. 液体的，流动的，变化的
例如: valid, florid, candid
fluid assets.
流动资产
fluid opinions
易变的意见
affluent = af (强调) + flu + ent (形容词) 金钱不断的流动:a.丰富的, 富裕的 [近] wealthy
1b) fl飞舞，风吹动
§fly飞翔；苍蝇
§flight 飞行（人类最初的飞行，也是借助风力）
§flexible 柔韧的，灵活的（风能吹弯）
§flextime
§弹性上班制
§flap （为了起飞）拍打(翅膀)
§flat 平坦的（风吹过的沙漠是平坦的）
§flatter 过分称赞（在人耳边吹赞美的风）
§flavor 风味（风吹来的气味）
§flock vt.飞到一起 n.大量；（鸟、兽）群
§a flock of sheep
小翻译: (动)物以类聚，人以群分。
Birds of a feather flock together;
people of a mind fall into the same group.
红旗迎风招展如何表达？
The red flag flaunt in the wind.
flutter挥舞，飘动= fl + utter(词尾无意义)
flaunt挥动, 飘扬= fl + aunt(词尾无意义)
vaunt=v(说) + aunt 吹嘘，吹捧
daunt=d (down) + aunt vt. 吓倒；使沮丧。
凭什么说v是个表示说的‘隐性词根’?
神奇的字母 V表示用嘴 ‘说’
verbal口头的,
voice声音
vowel元音
vow发誓
verse诗歌
voc-说
vocal a.发嗓音的, 声音的, 有声的, 歌唱的
vocalist歌手
vocation （教师）职业；（牧师）天职
voc=vokc-k 互换
voc=vokc-k 互换
单词组记: provoke, revoke, invoke, evoke, advocate
provoke= pro + voke
vt. 激怒, 挑拨, 煽动
revoke=re(back) + voke
vt. 撤回, 废除, 宣告无效
invoke=in + voke 心里说
vt. 乞求神灵；恳求
evoke=e(ex)+ voke
vt. 唤起, 激发起
advocate=ad + voc +ate
vt.提倡,鼓吹; n. 倡导者, 鼓吹者
词, (法庭)口供
大学英语课程教学要求（试行）积极词汇表
A
abandon
ability
abroad
absence
absent
absolute
absorb
abstract
accelerate
accept
acceptable
access
accompany
accomplish
accord
account
accumulate
accurate
accuse
achieve
acid
acknowledge
acquaint
acquire
act
action
active
activity
actual
adapt
add
addition
adequate
adjust
admire
admit
adopt
advance
advanced
advantage
adventure
advertise
advice
advise
advocate
affair
affect
afford
afraid
afterwards
agenda
agreement
ahead
aid
aim
alert
alike
alive
alone
aloud
alter
alternative
although
altogether
ambition
ambitious
among/amongst
amount
amuse
amusement
amusing
analysis
analyze
ancient
anger
angle
angry
annoy
annual
anticipate
anxiety
anxious
apart
apologize
apology
apparent
appeal
appear
appetite
applaud
applause
apply
appoint
appreciate
appreciation
approach
appropriate
approval
approve
approximate
approximately
arbitrary
argue
argument
arise
arouse
arrange
arrest
arrival
article
artificial
ashamed
aside
asleep
aspect
aspiration
aspire
assemble
assess
assign
assist
associate
association
assume
assure
astonish
attach
attack
attain
attempt
attend
attention
attitude
attract
attractive
attribute
authority
available
average
avoid
awake
aware
awkward
B
background
backward
backwards
bake
balance
ban
band
bank
bar
bare
barely
bargain
barrier
base
basic
basis
bath
bathe
battle
bear
beat
beg
behalf
behave
behavior
belief
believe
belong
bend
beneath
benefit
besides
betray
bias
bill
bind
bit
bite
bitter
blame
bleed
bless
blind
block
blow
board
boast
boil
bold
bond
boom
boost
border
bored
boring
born
bound
boundary
bow
branch
brave
breath
breathe
breed
bribe
brief
brink
broad
broadcast
broken
brush
build
bunch
bundle
burden
burn
burst
bury
C
calculate
calm
campaign
cancel
capable
capacity
capital
carry
case
cash
catch
category
cause
cease
celebrate
center
central
certain
certainly
chain
challenge
champion
chance
channel
character
charge
chase
cheat
check
cheer
cheerful
chemical
chief
choice
choose
circle
circular
circumstance
cite
civil
claim
clarify
classic
climb
cling
clumsy
coarse
collapse
colleague
collect
combination
combine
comfort
command
commence
comment
commission
commit
commitment
committee
common
communicate
community
company
compare
comparison
compatible
compel
compensate
compete
competent
competition
complain
complaint
complete
complex
complicate
complicated
component
compose
compound
comprehensive
comprise
compromise
compute
conceal
concentrate
concept
concern
concerning
conclude
conclusion
condition
conduct
confess
confidence
confident
confine
confirm
conflict
conform
confront
confuse
congratulate
connect
conquer
conscience
conscious
consent
consequence
consider
considerable
consideration
considering
consist
constant
constitute
construct
consult
consume
contact
contain
contemporary
content
context
continue
continuous
contract
contrary
contrast
contribute
contribution
control
controversial
controversy
convenient
convention
conventional
conversation
convert
convey
convince
cook
cool
cooperate
coordinate
copy
corporate
correct
correspond
correspondence
corruption
cost
cough
could
count
counter
country
countryside
couple
courage
course
court
cover
crack
crash
creation
creative
creature
credit
creep
crime
cripple
crisis
critic
critical
criticism
criticize
cross
crowd
crucial
cruel
cruelty
crush
cry
cultivate
curb
cure
curiosity
curious
curl
current
curse
cushion
custom
cut
cycle
D
daily
damage
dangerous
dare
dark
data
date
dead
deaf
deal
debate
debt
decade
decay
deceit
deceive
decide
decision
declare
decline
decorate
decoration
decrease
deep
defeat
defend
defense
define
definite
degree
delay
deliberate
deliberately
delicate
delicious
delight
deliver
demand
demonstrate
deny
depend
dependent
depress
depth
derive
descend
describe
description
desert
deserve
design
desirable
desire
despair
despite
destroy
destruction
destructive
detail
detect
determination
determine
develop
device
devote
devotion
differ
difference
different
difficult
difficulty
dig
dimension
dip
direct
direction
dirty
disabled
disadvantage
disagree
disappear
disappoint
disappointed
disappointing
disaster
disastrous
discard
disclose
discount
discourage
discover
discovery
discriminate
discuss
discussion
disease
disgust
disgusting
disillusion
dismiss
display
disposal
dispose
dispute
distance
distant
distinct
distinguish
distort
distribute
district
disturb
dive
diverse
divert
divide
division
divorce
domestic
dominate
double
doubt
download
dozen
drag
drain
draw
dream
dress
drown
drug
due
dull
dump
duration
during
duty
dwarf
dynamic
E
eager
earn
ease
economic
edge
edit
educate
education
effect
effective
efficient
effort
either
elastic
elder
elect
election
electric
electricity
electronic
eliminate
embarrass
embrace
emerge
emergency
emotion
emotional
emphasis
emphasize/-ise
employ
employment
empty
enable
enclose
encounter
encourage
encouragement
energetic
energy
enforce
engage
engineer
enhance
enjoy
enjoyable
enormous
enough
enrich
enroll
ensure
enter
entertain
entertainment
entire
entitle
entrance
envelop
environment
envy
equal
equality
equip
equipment
equivalent
escape
especially
essential
establish
establishment
estate
estimate
ethnic
evaluate
eventually
everywhere
evidence
evident
evil
evolve
exact
exaggerate
examination
examine
example
exceed
excellent
except
excess
exchange
excite
exciting
exclude
excuse
exercise
exhibit
exist
existence
expand
expect
expectation
expense
expensive
experience
expert
explain
explanation
explicit
explode
exploit
explore
explosion
explosive
export
expose
exposure
express
expression
extend
extra
extraordinary
extreme
F
facilitate
fade
failure
faint
fair
fairly
faith
faithful
false
fame
familiar
famous
fan
fancy
fare
fashion
fashionable
fast
fasten
fat
fate
fault
favo(u)r
favo(u)rable
favo(u)rite
fear
feature
feed
female
fever
field
fierce
fight
figure
file
finance
financial
fit
fix
flash
flat
flexible
float
flood
flow
fluctuate
focus
fold
fond
fool
forbid
force
foreign
forget
forgive
form
formal
former
forth
fortunate
fortune
forward
foundation
framework
free
freedom
freeze
frequent
fresh
friendly
frighten
from
front
frown
fry
fuel
fulfil(l)
fun
function
fundamental
furnish
further
furthermore
G
gain
gamble
gap
gather
gear
general
generally
generate
generation
generous
gentle
global
glory
glue
goal
golden
goods
govern
grace
graceful
gradual
graduate
grand
grant
grasp
grateful
great
greed
greedy
greet
grief
grind
ground
grow
growth
guarantee
guard
guess
guidance
guide
guideline
guilt
H
habit
handle
hang
happen
harden
hardly
hardship
harm
harmful
harness
harvest
hate
hatred
have
heal
health
healthy
hear
heavy
height
hence
hesitate
hide
high
highlight
hinder
hint
hire
historical
hit
hobby
hold
hollow
holy
honest
honesty
hono(u)r
hook
hopeful
hopeless
horizon
horizontal
host
humble
humo(u)r
humorous
hunger
hungry
hunt
hurry
hurt
I
ice
idea
ideal
identical
identify
idle
if
ignorance
ignorant
ignore
illegal
illness
illusion
illustrate
image
imaginary
imagination
imagine
imitate
immediate
immediately
immense
immune
impact
implement
implicit
imply
importance
important
impose
impossible
impress
impression
impressive
improve
incident
incline
include
increase
indeed
independence
independent
index
indicate
indication
indispensable
individual
indoor
induce
industrial
inevitable
infect
infection
infectious
infer
influence
influential
inform
information
inherent
inherit
initial
initiative
injure
injury
innocent
input
inquire/enquire
insect
insert
inside
insight
insist
inspect
inspiration
inspire
instance
instant
instead
instinct
institute
institution
instruct
instruction
insult
insurance
insure
integrate
integrity
intelligence
intelligent
intend
intense
intention
interact
interest
interesting
interfere
intermediate
internal
internal
international
interpret
interrupt
introduce
introduction
invent
invention
invest
investigate
investment
invitation
invite
involve
inward
isolate
issue
J
jealous
joint
journal
joy
judg(e)ment
judge
jump
just
justice
justification
justify
K
keen
kick
kneel
knock
knowledge
L
label
labo(u)r
lack
ladder
lag
land
large
lately
latter
laugh
launch
law
lay
lazy
lead
lean
learn
least
leave
lecture
left
legal
lend
length
less
lesson
let
level
liberty
lie
lift
light
like
likely
likewise
limb
limit
link
list
listen
little
live
load
loan
local
locate
lock
logic
logical
lonely
loose
lose
loss
lot
loud
love
low
lower
loyal
loyalty
luck
lucky
M
mad
magic
main
maintain
majority
make
male
manage
manipulate
manner
manual
manufacture
many
march
margin
mark
marriage
married
marry
mass
master
match
matter
mature
maybe
mean
means
meantime
meanwhile
measure
mechanic
media
medical
melt
memorize/-ise
memory
mend
mental
mention
mercy
mere
merry
message
metal
method
might
migrate
mild
military
minimize/-ise
minimum
minor
minute
miracle
mirror
miserable
mix
mixture
mode
model
moderate
modern
modernize/-se
modest
modify
moment
money
monitor
monthly
mood
moral
moreover
motion
motivate
mount
move
much
multiply
murder
murder
must
mutual
mysterious
mystery
N
naked
narrow
nasty
national
native
natural
nature
nearly
neat
necessary
necessity
negative
neglect
neither
nervous
nevertheless
noble
none
norm
normal
note
notice
notion
nuclear
numerous
O
obey
object
objection
objective
obligation
observation
observe
obsession
obstacle
obtain
obvious
occasion
occupy
occur
odd
odds
offend
offensive
offer
office
official
often
omit
operate
operation
opinion
opponent
opportunity
oppose
opposite
option
optional
order
ordinary
organ
organize/ise
origin
otherwise
outcome
outdoor
outdoors
outlet
outline
output
outstanding
overall
overcome
overlook
overseas
overtake
owe
own
P
pace
pack
pain
painful
paint
pair
pale
paper
parallel
parcel
pardon
park
part
participate
particular
partly
partner
party
pass
passage
passive
past
paste
patience
patient
pattern
pause
pay
payment
peace
peaceful
peculiar
perceive
percentage
perfect
perform
performance
perhaps
period
permanent
permission
permit
persist
persistent
person
personal
personally
perspective
persuade
phase
phenomenon
physical
pick
picture
piece
pile
pin
pinch
pity
place
plague
plain
plan
plant
plastic
play
pleasant
please
pleased
pleasure
plenty
plus
point
policy
polish
polite
political
pool
popular
population
portion
pose
position
positive
possess
possession
possibility
possible
possibly
post
postpone
potential
pound
pour
poverty
power
powerful
practical
practice
practice/ice
praise
pray
precious
precise
predict
prefer
prejudice
preliminary
preparation
prepare
presence
present
preserve
press
pressure
pretend
pretest
pretty
prevail
prevent
previous
price
pride
primary
prime
principal
principle
prior
priority
private
prize
probable
probably
problem
proceed
process
produce
product
production
productive
profession
professional
profit
progress
prohibit
project
promise
promising
promote
prompt
pronounce
proof
proper
property
proportion
proposal
propose
prospect
protect
protection
protective
proud
prove
provide
provision
public
publication
publicity
publish
pull
pump
punctual
punish
punishment
purchase
pure
purpose
pursue
push
put
puzzle
Q
qualify
quality
quantity
quarrel
question
quick
quiet
quit
quite
quote
R
radical
raise
range
rank
rapid
rare
rarely
rate
rather
ratio
raw
reach
react
read
ready
real
realize/ise
really
reason
reasonable
recall
receipt
receive
recent
recently
recognition
recognize/ise
recommend
reconcile
record
recover
recruit
reduce
reduction
refer
refine
reflect
reform
refresh
refuge
refusal
refuse
regard
regarding
region
register
regret
regular
regulate
regulation
reinforce
reject
relate
related
relation
relationship
relative
relax
release
relevant
relief
relieve
religion
religious
reluctant
rely
remain
remark
remarkable
remedy
remember
remind
remove
render
rent
repair
repeat
replace
reply
report
represent
representative
reproduce
reputation
request
require
rescue
research
resemble
resent
reserve
resign
resist
resistance
resolve
resource
respect
respond
response
responsibility
responsible
rest
restore
restrain
restrict
result
retain
retire
return
reveal
reverse
review
revise
revolution
reward
rid
ride
right
rigid
ring
ripe
rise
risk
rival
roar
roast
rob
role
roll
root
rough
round
route
row
royal
rub
rubbish
rude
ruin
rule
run
rush
S
sacrifice
safe
safeguard
safety
sail
sake
sale
same
sample
satisfaction
satisfactory
satisfied
satisfy
save
saying
scale
scarce
scatter
scene
scenery
schedule
scientific
scold
scope
scrape
scratch
scream
screen
search
second
secret
section
sector
secure
seek
seem
seize
seldom
select
selfish
sense
sensible
sensitive
sentence
separate
sequence
series
serious
serve
service
settle
seventy
several
severe
sex
sexual
shade
shadow
shake
shallow
shame
shape
share
sharp
shave
shield
shift
shine
shock
shoot
short
shortage
shot
shower
shrink
shut
shy
sick
sideway
sight
sign
signal
significance
significant
silence
silent
silly
similar
simple
since
sincere
sing
single
singular
sink
situation
size
skill
skillful
sleep
slide
slight
slip
slippery
slow
smart
smell
smile
smoke
smooth
soar
social
society
soft
sole
solid
solution
solve
somehow
somewhat
somewhere
sorrow
sorry
sort
sound
sour
source
sow
space
spare
spark
speak
special
specialist
specific
specify
speed
spell
spend
spill
spin
spirit
spit
spite
splendid
split
spoil
sport
spot
spread
spring
square
stabilize/-ise
stable
staff
stage
stain
stamp
stand
standard
state
statement
statistic
status
stay
steady
steal
steep
steer
stem
step
stick
sticky
stiff
still
stimulate
sting
stir
stock
stocking
story
straight
straightforward
strange
strap
strategic
strategy
strength
strengthen
stress
stretch
strict
strike
striking
string
strip
stripe
stroke
strong
structure
struggle
stuff
stupid
style
subject
submit
subsequent
substitute
subtract
succeed
success
successful
successive
suck
sudden
suffer
sufficient
suggest
suggestion
suit
suitable
sum
summarize/-ise
supplement
supply
support
suppose
surface
surround
surrounding
survey
survive
suspect
suspend
suspicious
sustain
swallow
swear
sweep
sweet
swell
swim
swing
switch
sympathetic
sympathize/-ise
sympathy
system
T
table
tackle
tailor
tame
tap
target
taste
tear
technical
technology
temporary
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tend
tendency
tender
tense
terminate
terrible
terror
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thin
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thirst
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thought
thought
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threat
threaten
thrive
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throw
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tidy
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tip
tire
tired
top
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touch
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towards
trace
trade
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traditional
traffic
transfer
transform
translate
translation
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transparent
transport
travel
treasure
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trend
trial
trick
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U
ugly
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undergo
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undertake
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unite
universal
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upset
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vain
valid
valuable
value
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vertical
vessel
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victory
view
viewpoint
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visible
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visualize/-ise
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volume
volunteer
vote
voyage
W
wage
wake
wander
want
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warmth
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wash
waste
watch
water
wave
weak
weaken
wealth
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weave
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welcome
welfare
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whisper
whistle
wicked
widespread
width
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win
wind
wipe
wisdom
witness
wonder
worried
worship
worth
worthwhile
wrap
wrong
Y
yearly
yield
大学英语课程教学要求（试行）积极词汇表
A
abandon
ability
abroad
absence
absent
absolute
absorb
abstract
accelerate
accept
acceptable
access
accompany
accomplish
accord
account
accumulate
accurate
accuse
achieve
acid
acknowledge
acquaint
acquire
act
action
active
activity
actual
adapt
add
addition
adequate
adjust
admire
admit
adopt
advance
advanced
advantage
adventure
advertise
advice
advise
advocate
affair
affect
afford
afraid
afterwards
agenda
agreement
ahead
aid
aim
alert
alike
alive
alone
aloud
alter
alternative
although
altogether
ambition
ambitious
among/amongst
amount
amuse
amusement
amusing
analysis
analyze
ancient
anger
angle
angry
annoy
annual
anticipate
anxiety
anxious
apart
apologize
apology
apparent
appeal
appear
appetite
applaud
applause
apply
appoint
appreciate
appreciation
approach
appropriate
approval
approve
approximate
approximately
arbitrary
argue
argument
arise
arouse
arrange
arrest
arrival
article
artificial
ashamed
aside
asleep
aspect
aspiration
aspire
assemble
assess
assign
assist
associate
association
assume
assure
astonish
attach
attack
attain
attempt
attend
attention
attitude
attract
attractive
attribute
authority
available
average
avoid
awake
aware
awkward
B
background
backward
backwards
bake
balance
ban
band
bank
bar
bare
barely
bargain
barrier
base
basic
basis
bath
bathe
battle
bear
beat
beg
behalf
behave
behavior
belief
believe
belong
bend
beneath
benefit
besides
betray
bias
bill
bind
bit
bite
bitter
blame
bleed
bless
blind
block
blow
board
boast
boil
bold
bond
boom
boost
border
bored
boring
born
bound
boundary
bow
branch
brave
breath
breathe
breed
bribe
brief
brink
broad
broadcast
broken
brush
build
bunch
bundle
burden
burn
burst
bury
C
calculate
calm
campaign
cancel
capable
capacity
capital
carry
case
cash
catch
category
cause
cease
celebrate
center
central
certain
certainly
chain
challenge
champion
chance
channel
character
charge
chase
cheat
check
cheer
cheerful
chemical
chief
choice
choose
circle
circular
circumstance
cite
civil
claim
clarify
classic
climb
cling
clumsy
coarse
collapse
colleague
collect
combination
combine
comfort
command
commence
comment
commission
commit
commitment
committee
common
communicate
community
company
compare
comparison
compatible
compel
compensate
compete
competent
competition
complain
complaint
complete
complex
complicate
complicated
component
compose
compound
comprehensive
comprise
compromise
compute
conceal
concentrate
concept
concern
concerning
conclude
conclusion
condition
conduct
confess
confidence
confident
confine
confirm
conflict
conform
confront
confuse
congratulate
connect
conquer
conscience
conscious
consent
consequence
consider
considerable
consideration
considering
consist
constant
constitute
construct
consult
consume
contact
contain
contemporary
content
context
continue
continuous
contract
contrary
contrast
contribute
contribution
control
controversial
controversy
convenient
convention
conventional
conversation
convert
convey
convince
cook
cool
cooperate
coordinate
copy
corporate
correct
correspond
correspondence
corruption
cost
cough
could
count
counter
country
countryside
couple
courage
course
court
cover
crack
crash
creation
creative
creature
credit
creep
crime
cripple
crisis
critic
critical
criticism
criticize
cross
crowd
crucial
cruel
cruelty
crush
cry
cultivate
curb
cure
curiosity
curious
curl
current
curse
cushion
custom
cut
cycle
D
daily
damage
dangerous
dare
dark
data
date
dead
deaf
deal
debate
debt
decade
decay
deceit
deceive
decide
decision
declare
decline
decorate
decoration
decrease
deep
defeat
defend
defense
define
definite
degree
delay
deliberate
deliberately
delicate
delicious
delight
deliver
demand
demonstrate
deny
depend
dependent
depress
depth
derive
descend
describe
description
desert
deserve
design
desirable
desire
despair
despite
destroy
destruction
destructive
detail
detect
determination
determine
develop
device
devote
devotion
differ
difference
different
difficult
difficulty
dig
dimension
dip
direct
direction
dirty
disabled
disadvantage
disagree
disappear
disappoint
disappointed
disappointing
disaster
disastrous
discard
disclose
discount
discourage
discover
discovery
discriminate
discuss
discussion
disease
disgust
disgusting
disillusion
dismiss
display
disposal
dispose
dispute
distance
distant
distinct
distinguish
distort
distribute
district
disturb
dive
diverse
divert
divide
division
divorce
domestic
dominate
double
doubt
download
dozen
drag
drain
draw
dream
dress
drown
drug
due
dull
dump
duration
during
duty
dwarf
dynamic
E
eager
earn
ease
economic
edge
edit
educate
education
effect
effective
efficient
effort
either
elastic
elder
elect
election
electric
electricity
electronic
eliminate
embarrass
embrace
emerge
emergency
emotion
emotional
emphasis
emphasize/-ise
employ
employment
empty
enable
enclose
encounter
encourage
encouragement
energetic
energy
enforce
engage
engineer
enhance
enjoy
enjoyable
enormous
enough
enrich
enroll
ensure
enter
entertain
entertainment
entire
entitle
entrance
envelop
environment
envy
equal
equality
equip
equipment
equivalent
escape
especially
essential
establish
establishment
estate
estimate
ethnic
evaluate
eventually
everywhere
evidence
evident
evil
evolve
exact
exaggerate
examination
examine
example
exceed
excellent
except
excess
exchange
excite
exciting
exclude
excuse
exercise
exhibit
exist
existence
expand
expect
expectation
expense
expensive
experience
expert
explain
explanation
explicit
explode
exploit
explore
explosion
explosive
export
expose
exposure
express
expression
extend
extra
extraordinary
extreme
F
facilitate
fade
failure
faint
fair
fairly
faith
faithful
false
fame
familiar
famous
fan
fancy
fare
fashion
fashionable
fast
fasten
fat
fate
fault
favo(u)r
favo(u)rable
favo(u)rite
fear
feature
feed
female
fever
field
fierce
fight
figure
file
finance
financial
fit
fix
flash
flat
flexible
float
flood
flow
fluctuate
focus
fold
fond
fool
forbid
force
foreign
forget
forgive
form
formal
former
forth
fortunate
fortune
forward
foundation
framework
free
freedom
freeze
frequent
fresh
friendly
frighten
from
front
frown
fry
fuel
fulfil(l)
fun
function
fundamental
furnish
further
furthermore
G
gain
gamble
gap
gather
gear
general
generally
generate
generation
generous
gentle
global
glory
glue
goal
golden
goods
govern
grace
graceful
gradual
graduate
grand
grant
grasp
grateful
great
greed
greedy
greet
grief
grind
ground
grow
growth
guarantee
guard
guess
guidance
guide
guideline
guilt
H
habit
handle
hang
happen
harden
hardly
hardship
harm
harmful
harness
harvest
hate
hatred
have
heal
health
healthy
hear
heavy
height
hence
hesitate
hide
high
highlight
hinder
hint
hire
historical
hit
hobby
hold
hollow
holy
honest
honesty
hono(u)r
hook
hopeful
hopeless
horizon
horizontal
host
humble
humo(u)r
humorous
hunger
hungry
hunt
hurry
hurt
I
ice
idea
ideal
identical
identify
idle
if
ignorance
ignorant
ignore
illegal
illness
illusion
illustrate
image
imaginary
imagination
imagine
imitate
immediate
immediately
immense
immune
impact
implement
implicit
imply
importance
important
impose
impossible
impress
impression
impressive
improve
incident
incline
include
increase
indeed
independence
independent
index
indicate
indication
indispensable
individual
indoor
induce
industrial
inevitable
infect
infection
infectious
infer
influence
influential
inform
information
inherent
inherit
initial
initiative
injure
injury
innocent
input
inquire/enquire
insect
insert
inside
insight
insist
inspect
inspiration
inspire
instance
instant
instead
instinct
institute
institution
instruct
instruction
insult
insurance
insure
integrate
integrity
intelligence
intelligent
intend
intense
intention
interact
interest
interesting
interfere
intermediate
internal
internal
international
interpret
interrupt
introduce
introduction
invent
invention
invest
investigate
investment
invitation
invite
involve
inward
isolate
issue
J
jealous
joint
journal
joy
judg(e)ment
judge
jump
just
justice
justification
justify
K
keen
kick
kneel
knock
knowledge
L
label
labo(u)r
lack
ladder
lag
land
large
lately
latter
laugh
launch
law
lay
lazy
lead
lean
learn
least
leave
lecture
left
legal
lend
length
less
lesson
let
level
liberty
lie
lift
light
like
likely
likewise
limb
limit
link
list
listen
little
live
load
loan
local
locate
lock
logic
logical
lonely
loose
lose
loss
lot
loud
love
low
lower
loyal
loyalty
luck
lucky
M
mad
magic
main
maintain
majority
make
male
manage
manipulate
manner
manual
manufacture
many
march
margin
mark
marriage
married
marry
mass
master
match
matter
mature
maybe
mean
means
meantime
meanwhile
measure
mechanic
media
medical
melt
memorize/-ise
memory
mend
mental
mention
mercy
mere
merry
message
metal
method
might
migrate
mild
military
minimize/-ise
minimum
minor
minute
miracle
mirror
miserable
mix
mixture
mode
model
moderate
modern
modernize/-se
modest
modify
moment
money
monitor
monthly
mood
moral
moreover
motion
motivate
mount
move
much
multiply
murder
murder
must
mutual
mysterious
mystery
N
naked
narrow
nasty
national
native
natural
nature
nearly
neat
necessary
necessity
negative
neglect
neither
nervous
nevertheless
noble
none
norm
normal
note
notice
notion
nuclear
numerous
O
obey
object
objection
objective
obligation
observation
observe
obsession
obstacle
obtain
obvious
occasion
occupy
occur
odd
odds
offend
offensive
offer
office
official
often
omit
operate
operation
opinion
opponent
opportunity
oppose
opposite
option
optional
order
ordinary
organ
organize/ise
origin
otherwise
outcome
outdoor
outdoors
outlet
outline
output
outstanding
overall
overcome
overlook
overseas
overtake
owe
own
P
pace
pack
pain
painful
paint
pair
pale
paper
parallel
parcel
pardon
park
part
participate
particular
partly
partner
party
pass
passage
passive
past
paste
patience
patient
pattern
pause
pay
payment
peace
peaceful
peculiar
perceive
percentage
perfect
perform
performance
perhaps
period
permanent
permission
permit
persist
persistent
person
personal
personally
perspective
persuade
phase
phenomenon
physical
pick
picture
piece
pile
pin
pinch
pity
place
plague
plain
plan
plant
plastic
play
pleasant
please
pleased
pleasure
plenty
plus
point
policy
polish
polite
political
pool
popular
population
portion
pose
position
positive
possess
possession
possibility
possible
possibly
post
postpone
potential
pound
pour
poverty
power
powerful
practical
practice
practice/ice
praise
pray
precious
precise
predict
prefer
prejudice
preliminary
preparation
prepare
presence
present
preserve
press
pressure
pretend
pretest
pretty
prevail
prevent
previous
price
pride
primary
prime
principal
principle
prior
priority
private
prize
probable
probably
problem
proceed
process
produce
product
production
productive
profession
professional
profit
progress
prohibit
project
promise
promising
promote
prompt
pronounce
proof
proper
property
proportion
proposal
propose
prospect
protect
protection
protective
proud
prove
provide
provision
public
publication
publicity
publish
pull
pump
punctual
punish
punishment
purchase
pure
purpose
pursue
push
put
puzzle
Q
qualify
quality
quantity
quarrel
question
quick
quiet
quit
quite
quote
R
radical
raise
range
rank
rapid
rare
rarely
rate
rather
ratio
raw
reach
react
read
ready
real
realize/ise
really
reason
reasonable
recall
receipt
receive
recent
recently
recognition
recognize/ise
recommend
reconcile
record
recover
recruit
reduce
reduction
refer
refine
reflect
reform
refresh
refuge
refusal
refuse
regard
regarding
region
register
regret
regular
regulate
regulation
reinforce
reject
relate
related
relation
relationship
relative
relax
release
relevant
relief
relieve
religion
religious
reluctant
rely
remain
remark
remarkable
remedy
remember
remind
remove
render
rent
repair
repeat
replace
reply
report
represent
representative
reproduce
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request
require
rescue
research
resemble
resent
reserve
resign
resist
resistance
resolve
resource
respect
respond
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responsibility
responsible
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restrain
restrict
result
retain
retire
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revise
revolution
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ripe
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risk
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roast
rob
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roll
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rough
round
route
row
royal
rub
rubbish
rude
ruin
rule
run
rush
S
sacrifice
safe
safeguard
safety
sail
sake
sale
same
sample
satisfaction
satisfactory
satisfied
satisfy
save
saying
scale
scarce
scatter
scene
scenery
schedule
scientific
scold
scope
scrape
scratch
scream
screen
search
second
secret
section
sector
secure
seek
seem
seize
seldom
select
selfish
sense
sensible
sensitive
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separate
sequence
series
serious
serve
service
settle
seventy
several
severe
sex
sexual
shade
shadow
shake
shallow
shame
shape
share
sharp
shave
shield
shift
shine
shock
shoot
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shortage
shot
shower
shrink
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shy
sick
sideway
sight
sign
signal
significance
significant
silence
silent
silly
similar
simple
since
sincere
sing
single
singular
sink
situation
size
skill
skillful
sleep
slide
slight
slip
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smart
smell
smile
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smooth
soar
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society
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sole
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solution
solve
somehow
somewhat
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sorry
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sour
source
sow
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spare
spark
speak
special
specialist
specific
specify
speed
spell
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spirit
spit
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splendid
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spread
spring
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stabilize/-ise
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staff
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stamp
stand
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state
statement
statistic
status
stay
steady
steal
steep
steer
stem
step
stick
sticky
stiff
still
stimulate
sting
stir
stock
stocking
story
straight
straightforward
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strap
strategic
strategy
strength
strengthen
stress
stretch
strict
strike
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string
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struggle
stuff
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style
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submit
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substitute
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succeed
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suffer
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suggest
suggestion
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summarize/-ise
supplement
supply
support
suppose
surface
surround
surrounding
survey
survive
suspect
suspend
suspicious
sustain
swallow
swear
sweep
sweet
swell
swim
swing
switch
sympathetic
sympathize/-ise
sympathy
system
T
table
tackle
tailor
tame
tap
target
taste
tear
technical
technology
temporary
tempt
tend
tendency
tender
tense
terminate
terrible
terror
theory
thereby
therefore
thick
thin
thing
think
thirst
thorough
thought
thought
thread
threat
threaten
thrive
through
throw
thus
tidy
tie
tight
tip
tire
tired
top
total
touch
tough
toward
towards
trace
trade
tradition
traditional
traffic
transfer
transform
translate
translation
transmit
transparent
transport
travel
treasure
treat
treatment
tremble
trend
trial
trick
trust
truth
tune
turn
tutor
twist
type
typical
U
ugly
ultimate
uncertain
unconscious
uncover
undergo
underlie
undermine
understand
undertake
undo
unfair
uniform
unify
union
unique
unite
universal
unless
upon
upright
upset
upward
urge
urgent
utilize/-ise
V
vain
valid
valuable
value
variety
various
vary
vehicle
veil
version
vertical
vessel
via
victory
view
viewpoint
violate
violence
violent
virtual
virtue
visible
vision
visualize/-ise
vital
volume
volunteer
vote
voyage
W
wage
wake
wander
want
warm
warmth
warn
wash
waste
watch
water
wave
weak
weaken
wealth
wear
weave
weekly
weigh
welcome
welfare
well
wet
whereas
while/whilst
whip
whisper
whistle
wicked
widespread
width
wild
win
wind
wipe
wisdom
witness
wonder
worried
worship
worth
worthwhile
wrap
wrong
Y
yearly
yield
