爱华网北京中日友好医院有学者统计了300例肝癌患者，发现经常服用中药达3个月以上者，其疼痛发生明显轻于不用中药者。研究认为，中药对疼痛的预防机制在于两个方面：一是中药的双向调节作用，机体的某些不平衡可使疼痛加剧，而中药可使之平衡；二是中医有“不通则痛”之说，活血化瘀、理气通络之药能起到“通则不痛”的作用。对肿瘤患者来说，应早服中药，防患于未然，不能等到吗啡、杜冷丁也止不住痛时再求助中药。
第二、止痛效果明显
中药外用及口服对已发生的癌痛有止痛作用，效果持久而缓和，副作用小。常用止痛中药如元胡、细辛、米壳、白屈菜等，取材方便。乳香、没药、血竭、红花、姜黄、冰片等还是易溶于酒精、易于配制的外用止痛药。如将冰片溶于适量的酒中，配制成20%～50%的溶液，治疗肝癌后期剧痛，往往能在10～15分钟内收效。现重点介绍几则癌痛外治法：
(1)中药涂擦剂
药物组成为元胡、丹参、台乌药、蚤休、地鳖虫、血竭、冰片等，前4味药与地鳖虫以4：1比例配方，血竭、冰片各按10%比例加入。以上药物加75%酒精浸泡1周(酒精用量以没过中药为度)，过滤后将药物浓度调至每毫升含中药1g即可。用法：洗净疼痛部位皮肤，棉签蘸涂，用药面积应大于疼痛周边2～3cm，每日3～4次。据观察，治胸部疼痛缓解率为90.1%，腹部疼痛缓解率为75.5%，脊柱、四肢骨疼痛缓解率为50%。疼痛缓解持续时间较强痛定为优。
(2)祛痛喷雾酊
由延胡索、乌药、土鳖虫、丹参、红花、血竭、冰片等组成。先以75%酒精2000ml浸泡延胡索等前五味中药，1周后滤取药汁；再于药液中加入血竭、冰片，溶解后过滤，装入50ml塑料喷雾瓶中备用，每毫升含生药0.1g。癌痛时可均匀喷涂于癌痛处的体表。功能止痛、消炎、消肿，适用于各种癌痛，对胸痛、胁肋痛效果最佳，而对脊柱四肢等处的骨肿瘤疼痛效果较差。
(3)肝痛外敷方
雄黄、明矾、青黛、皮硝、乳香、没药各60g，冰片10g，血竭30g，共研细末，分成7包。每次1包，用醋和猪胆汁各半调成糊状外敷，每日1次，每次敷8小时，药干后蘸醋及猪胆汁。对晚期肝癌剧痛有良效。
(4)博生癌宁透皮药贴
药物成分包括马钱子碱、木鳖碱、藤黄素、蟾毒灵、大戟二烯醇、月桂氮卓酮等。透皮贴贴于癌痛局部或肚脐处、胸腹部、上臂或大腿内侧以及其它毛细血管丰富的部位。每次选1～2个部位贴敷，每日2～4贴，每贴可连续贴敷12～16小时。该贴具有抗癌化瘤、镇痛消肿、破瘀逐水、扶正固本功能，对各种肿瘤的癌性疼痛均有显效。
(5)穴位敷贴法
山柰、乳香、没药、大黄、姜黄、栀子、白芷、黄芩各20g，小茴香、公丁香、赤芍、木香、黄柏各15g，蓖麻仁20粒。上药共研细末，取鸡蛋清(或蜂蜜)适量，混合拌匀成糊状。肺癌敷乳根穴，肝癌敷期门穴。痛剧者6小时换药1次，痛轻者12小时更换1次。可持续使用至疼痛缓解或消失。
(6)癌痛药酒方
松香、制乳香、制没药、莪术各15g，冰片10g。以白酒500ml浸泡1周。用数层纱布浸湿药酒，敷于痛处，外用塑料薄膜覆盖，待纱布快干时，再以药酒湿润，间断或连续使用。一般敷10～20分钟即感局部清凉舒适，疼痛逐渐缓解。
(7)化瘤发热袋
藤黄、川芎、皮硝、生南星、川乌、草乌、冰片、大黄、雄黄、细辛、白芨、制乳没、茴香、山柰等，研末，过60目筛，装入一面似100目筛小孔的特制清洁袋，加干性发热剂后封闭，再套入厚塑料袋中密封。用时取出内袋，将有微孔的一面接触疼痛部位，定时拍打药袋，使发热剂与空气及药物接触面发热，维持温度在40～43℃左右，24小时换药1次。适用于恶性肿瘤或其他良性包块等所引起的疼痛。
(8)穴位封闭法
在用止痛药无效时可使用本方法。取穴：足三里(双侧)，让患者正坐垂足，从外膝眼下量3寸，胫骨外侧1寸处取穴。在无菌操作下用5ml注射器，7号针头抽吸维生素K3注射液8ml、654-2 10ml；让患者取坐位(或抑卧位)，选准穴位，局部皮肤常规用碘酒、酒精消毒后，直刺进针；待患者有酸、麻、胀感时，快速将药液注入，两侧穴各一半，每日1次。3次为1疗程，间隔2天，再进行下一疗程。经观察30例中(未使用其他止痛药)，总有效率60%。另外在疼痛充分缓解的8例中，有3例无痛持续2个月以上，2例持续时间在20天以上，3例持续时间在5天以上。
(9)中药离子导入
延胡索、乳香、没药、丹参各100g，徐长卿150g。用75%酒精浸1月以上，取药液加少量冰片及二甲基亚砜即成。导入穴位：胸痛取内关、膻中、阿是穴；腰腿痛取肾俞、环跳、阳陵泉、昆仑等穴；肩背痛取天宗、肩髃、阿是穴等；内脏病取相应脏腑的俞、募、原穴。气滞配行间或太冲；血瘀配血海、膈俞；痰瘀配丰隆。
第三、协同止痛作用
中药与西药止痛药配合，既可增强其疗效，又可减少西药副作用。例如芍药甘草汤加米壳水煎服对腹部癌痛有效，并可增加盐酸二氢埃托啡含服的镇痛效果。透骨草、骨碎补、补骨脂三味中药对骨痛有效，也可加强解热镇痛药及放射治疗对骨转移癌的止痛效果。再如肝癌剧痛常靠杜冷丁止痛，如用蟾酥、元胡、山甲、青皮煎浓汁外敷肝区，会加强止痛效果。
综上所述，中药应用于癌痛，既可定位于癌症止痛的第一、二阶梯，亦可作为癌痛第三阶梯联合用药的优选，以减少阿片类药物的剂量追加，避免阿片的过量危险。
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First, the prevention of pain and seizures
Beijing Sino-Japan Friendship Hospital, some scholars and Statistics of the 300 cases of liver cancer patients and found that regular use of Chinese medicine over more than 3 months, their pain occurred significantly lighter than those who do not have medicine. Studies suggest that traditional Chinese medicine for pain prevention mechanism is two aspects: First, the bi-directional regulation of traditional Chinese medicine, body pain can exacerbate some of the imbalances, while the traditional Chinese medicine allows the balance; Second, Chinese medicine is "not General pain" of the that the blood stasis, qi and meridians of the drug can play, "General non-pain" effect. For cancer patients, it should serve as early Chinese medicine, take preventive measures, can not wait until morphine, pethidine also not stop the pain medicine again for help.
Second, the analgesic effect of significantly
Topical and oral medicine for pain that have occurred have analgesic effect, the effect lasting and ease the side effects. Commonly used pain medicine, such as Yuan Hu, Asarum, rice shell, Chelidonium dishes, drawing convenience. Frankincense, myrrh, Dragon Blood, safflower, turmeric, borneol, etc., or soluble in alcohol, easy-to-formulated topical analgesics. Borneol dissolved if the appropriate amount of alcohol in the preparation of 20% ~ 50% of the solution, post-treatment of liver cancer pain, often in 10 to 15 minutes effective. Now focuses on cancer pain Ikunori External:
(1) traditional Chinese medicine erasure agent
Drug composition Yuan Hu, Salvia, Taiwan Lindera aggregata, Paris polyphylla, land turtle worms, Dragon's blood, borneol, etc., the former four Herbs and the earth worms to 4:1 ratio of soft-shelled turtle recipe Xuejie, borneol according to 10% the proportion of each加入. More than 75% of drug plus alcohol soaked 1 week (alcohol consumption in order to not over Chinese-medicine degrees), filter will be transferred to drug concentration in traditional Chinese medicine 1g per ml can. Usage: Wash the pain site skin, cotton swabs dipped coating, medication pain surrounding area should be larger than 2 ~ 3cm, day 3 to 4 times. It was observed that governance chest pain remission rate of 90.1%, abdominal pain remission rate of 75.5%, spine, limb bone pain relief rate was 50%. A strong pain relief duration of pain as a priority.
(2) Spray tincture Qutong
From Corydalis, Lindera aggregata, Eupolyphaga worms, red sage root, safflower, Dragon's blood, composed of borneol. First soaked in 75% ethanol 2000ml fumarate wait for the previous five flavors of Chinese medicine, 1 week after leaching concoction; again in liquid added to Dragon Blood, borneol, dissolved, after filtration, into 50ml plastic spray bottle, spare, each ml containing crude drug 0.1g. Pain may evenly sprayed on the surface of cancer pain Agency. Functional pain, inflammation, swelling, apply a variety of cancer pain, right chest pain and pain Xielei best results, while the right spine of bone cancer pain in the limbs, etc. less effective.
(3) liver pain for external parties
Realgar, alum, indigo, leather NOx, frankincense, myrrh each 60g, borneol 10g, Xuejie 30g, joint research to fine, divided into seven packages. Every time a package, half and half with vinegar and pig bile tune into a paste topical, daily one time, each 8-hour deposition, medicine dry dip in vinegar and pig bile. Pain in advanced liver cancer have good effect.
(4) Berson cancer ning transdermal paste
Medicines, including strychnine, wood turtle base, rattan Flavin, Bufalin, euphorbia-ol, laurel diazepam ketones. Transdermal pain partial or affixed to the navel Office, the chest and abdomen, upper arms or inner thighs and other parts of the rich capillaries. Every election a ~ 2 parts Sticking day 2 ~ 4, each affixed to a continuous patching 12 ~ 16 hours. The paste has a cancer of tumor, pain swelling, Po Yu-by-water, righting the strengths of features, a variety of tumors were markedly effective cancer pain.
(5) Point Application Method
Kaempferia galanga, frankincense, myrrh, rhubarb, turmeric, gardenia, Angelica, baicalin the 20g, cumin, public clove, red peony, costas, Phellodendron the 15g, castor-jen 20. Joint research to fine on the drug, take egg white (or honey) amount, mixed into a paste mix well. Milk Kan lung deposition hole, liver deposition period of the door hole. Pain drama by dressing a sub-six hours, the pain 12 hours of light were replaced 1. The sustainable use of to pain relief or disappeared.
(6) pain Liquor Square
Rosin, system of frankincense, myrrh system, Zedoary the 15g, borneol 10g. With white wine 500ml immersion for 1 week. Several layers of gauze soaked with the tincture, Fuyu raw nerves, external plastic film covered with gauze to be quick-drying, the longer Liquor wet, intermittent or continuous use. Generally deposited 10 to 20 minutes to partially cool sense of comfort, pain and gradually ease.
(7) of tumor heating bag
Garcinia, Chuanxiong, skin saltpetre, raw Southern Star, Chuanwu, Aconitum, borneol, rhubarb, realgar, Asarum, Baiji, dairy did not, fennel, kaempferol and so on, Yan Mo, more than 60 mesh sieve, into one side may 100 mesh sieve pores of the special cleaning bags, plus dry closed after heating agent, and then set into the thick plastic bag, sealed. Within the time out with the bag, there will be contact with porous side pain location, timing beat Irazu, so that heating agent and heating the air and drug contact surface to maintain the temperature around 40 ~ 43 ℃, 24 hours dressing 1. Applied to other benign or malignant tumor mass, etc. caused by pain.
(8) Point closure France
When using painkillers can use this method is invalid. Acupoints: Zusanli (both sides), to enable patients to riding a pedal, from the moment the amount of 3-inch outside the knee, tibia lateral one inch at point selection. Used in aseptic operation under 5ml syringe, needle aspiration on the 7th of Vitamin K3 Injection 8ml ,654-2 10ml; to enable patients to take sitting (or suppression supine), selecting the right points, local skin routine with tincture of iodine, alcohol after disinfection pierce straight into the needle; when patients have acid, hemp, swelling and flu, quickly liquid injection, both sides of the hole of one half a day a time. Three times for a course of treatment, interval of 2 days, and then proceed to the next course of treatment. 30 cases were observed (without the use of other analgesics), the total effective rate 60%. Also in adequate pain relief in 8 cases, there are three cases of pain for 2 months or more, two cases of the duration of 20 days or more, three cases of the duration of 5 days.
(9) Chinese medicine iontophoresis
Corydalis, frankincense, myrrh, red sage root of 100g, Xu Changqing 150g. With 75% alcohol for more than dip in January, take a small amount of liquid added branding for borneol and DMSO. Import Point: chest pain, taking in Guan, Negative, the A is the point; low back pain to take Shenshu, ring jump, Yang Ling-chuen, Kunlun, and other points; the shoulders and back pain to take days were, shoulder Yu, Ah is a cave, etc.; offal patients take the appropriate organs of the Yu, enlistment, the original points. Qi stagnation with lines from time to time Taichong; blood stasis with sea of blood, Geshu; phlegm and blood stasis with Hong Leong.
Third, the synergistic analgesic effect
Traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine with painkillers, can enhance its efficacy and reduce side effects of western medicine. For example, Peony Decoction gami shell Shuijianbi right abdominal pain and effective, and may increase the hydrochloric acid-containing clothes dihydroetorphine analgesic effect. Speranskia tuberculata, Drynaria, psoralen shamisen, traditional Chinese medicine effective against pain, but also enhance the anti-inflammatory drugs and radiation treatment on the analgesic effect of bone metastasis. Another example is liver pain often rely on dolantin pain, such as using Toad, Yuan Hu, Shan Jia, Qingpi fried liver gravy topical areas, will strengthen the analgesic effect.
To sum up, traditional Chinese medicine used in cancer pain, cancer pain both located in the first and second step, third step can be combined as a pain medication of choice in order to reduce the dose of additional opioids to avoid opioid excessive risk.
