爱华网笔者注：随着科技的发展，人类的平均寿命已经持续的呈现出延长的趋势。学术界有一个“人类寿命的逃逸速度”概念，即：依照目前的医疗保健科技，可以预防治疗部分疾病，延长寿命；然后利用延长出的寿命，研发更先进科技，又可以再次延长健康寿命；以此类推，医疗保健科技的发展终有一天可以达到阻碍衰老的程度，从而为人类争取到足够的时间发展科技实现返老还童。根据剑桥大学教授德·格雷，我们将在25-30年内达到他所谓的“人类寿命的逃逸速度”（LongevityEscapeVelocity）。
*以下英语部分为SENS基金会简介，中文为笔者译文。转发前请征得笔者同意。
SENS Foundation works to develop, promote and ensure widespreadaccess to rejuvenation biotechnologies which comprehensivelyaddress the disabilities and diseases of aging.
SENS基金会确保、促进及发展重生生物科技的广泛应用，以此治疗由衰老引起的疾病和残疾。
SENS is an acronym for "Strategies for Engineered NegligibleSenescence". It is best defined as an integrated set of medicaltechniques designed to restore youthful molecular and cellularstructure to aged tissues and organs. Essentially, this involvesthe application of regenerative medicine to the problem ofage-related ill-health.
SENS是“掌握可忽略衰老战略”的英语字母简称，可定义该策略为将老化组织和器官恢复到年轻的分子和细胞结构状态的综合性医疗科技。其本质是应用重生医学来解决衰老引起的健康问题。
Currently, SENS comprises seven major types of therapy addressingseven major categories of aging damage. It is important tounderstand that these seven 'planks' are a description of SENS,rather than a definition, and could, in theory, change or grow aswe progress in our research efforts and deepen our understanding ofthe challenges which face us, and their solutions.
目前，SENS应用7种主要的疗法来针对7大类的老化损害。这7类疗法是描述性的，并非精确的定义，并可以随着我们科研进展、对困难了解程度的加深和解决方法升级而改变。
ResearchThemes
研究主题
Many things go wrong with aging bodies, but only a few of them areprimary changes in the structure of the body itself —that is, agingdamage. Other changes (such as increases in inflammation andoxidative stress) are the secondary consequences of this primarychange: either the direct results of those damaged components'inability to carry out their normal role in metabolism, or thebody's adaptive or maladaptive attempts to compensate for thosechanges.
身体老化带来许多问题，但是其中只有很少的问题是身体结构的基础性改变，我们可以称之为老化损害。其他的改变（比如炎症和氧化应激的增加）是基础改变导致的次级后果：比如是受损组织无法在新陈代谢过程中实现其正常功能，或者是身体对各种改变做出的适应性和适应不良性的改变。
Thus, by removing, repairing, replacing, or rendering harmless thedamage, we restore the normal functioning of the body's cells andessential biomolecules, and the secondary changes are given thechance to return to their normal, youthful baseline.
所以，通过消除、修复、替换或无害化这些老化损害，我们就可以恢复细胞和基本生物分子的正常功能，随之，身体的不良级次反应就可以回归到正常的、年轻的基准。
Scientists have spent decades looking for such changes in agingbodies, this research has led to the conclusion that there are nomore than seven major classes of such cellular and moleculardamage, shown in the table below.
几十年来，科学家都在探索老化身体中的变化。学科研究已经证实只有7种细胞和分子损害，如下表所示：
AgingDamage 老化损害 | Discovery 发现时间 | SENSSolution SENS解决途径 |
Cellloss,tissueatrophy 细胞损耗，组织萎缩 | 1955 | Stemcellsandtissueengineering 干细胞和组织工程 |
Nuclear[epi]mutations 细胞核突变(癌症) | 1959,1982 | Removaloftelomere-lengtheningmachinery 阻止端粒无限延长 |
Mutantmitochondria 线粒体突变 | 1972 | Allotopicexpressionof13proteins 13种蛋白质的同素易位 |
Death-resistantcells 不死有害细胞 | 1965 | Targetedablation 靶向切除 |
Tissuestiffening 组织硬化 | 1958,1981 | AGE-breakingmolecules;tissueengineering 破坏糖基化终末产物分子；组织工程 |
Extracellularaggregates 细胞外聚合 | 1907 | Immunotherapeuticclearance 免疫清除 |
Intracellularaggregates 细胞内聚合 | 1959 | Novellysosomalhydrolases 新型溶酶体水解酶 |
We can be confident that this list is complete, first and foremostbecause of fact that scientists have not discovered any new kindsof aging damage in nearly a generation, despite the facts thatresearch into aging has been slowly accelerating and that we havehad ever-increasingly powerful tools with which to investigate theaging body.
我们有信心上表中老化原因已经完整，这主要是因为老化研究在渐渐加速进步，我们也拥有了更强有力的工具来探索老化身体，但最近几十年都没有发现新的老化损害。
The specific metabolic processes that are ultimately responsiblefor all of this damage are still poorly understood. However thisignorance doesn't matter for "engineering" purposes. All thatmatters is our ability to periodically fix the damage, at the righttime: after it has formed, but before it builds up to levels highenough to interfere with our youthful functioning.
虽然我们目前无法理解导致所有老化损害的最根本代谢过程到底是什么，但这不妨碍我们的“工程”。因为，我们需要做的就是在合适的时候（在损害产生之后，但在该损害积累到影响身体年轻机能的程度之前），获得解决周期性损害的能力。
The even better news is that we know how to fix all of this damagetoday. For each major aging lesion, a SENS solution for its removalor repair either already exists in prototype form, or isforeseeable from existing scientific developments.
更好的消息是，在今天，我们已经知道如何修复所有的损害。针对每种主要的老化损害，SENS的解决途径部分已经成型，余下的从目前可预见的科研角度也能够预测。
Within each class of aging damage, SENS will initially target thespecific kinds of damage that make our bodies frail and limit ourhealthy lifespan within our first hundred years. This first wave oftherapies will not repair all of the damage of aging, but willrejuvenate our bodies and add significantly to healthy humanlongevity.
在每种老化损害大框架下，SENS会首先将导致身体在100年内功能减退、减少健康寿命的特定损害作为攻克目标。虽然这第一波的治疗方法不能修复所有的老化损害，但是可以让我们的身体重生，达到大幅度延长健康寿命的程度。
Once we have achieved a first generation of SENS therapies, ournext targets will be forms of aging damage that take longer tocause us problems, renewing the lease on healthy life that thefirst wave of therapies gave us.
在完成第一波治疗之后，下一个目标就是解决导致更长期问题的老化损害形式，从而不断延续健康生命。
